[U] User's Guide

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200 [ U ] 17 Ado-filesWhat to do next should be obvious, but in case it is not, see [GSW] 19 Updating and extendingStata—Internet functionality, [GSM] 19 Updating and extending Stata—Internet functionality,or [GSU] 19 Updating and extending Stata—Internet functionality. Also see [U] 28 Using theInternet to keep up to date and [R] net.The official updates include bug fixes and new features but do not change the syntax of an existingcommand or change the way Stata works.Once you have installed the updates, you can enter Stata and type help whatsnew (or selectHelp > What’s New?) to learn about what has changed.17.9 How do I install updates to user-written additions?If you have previously installed user-written additions, you can check for updates to them bytyping adoupate. If updates are available, you can install them by typing adoupdate, update. See[R] adoupdate.17.10 ReferenceCox, N. J. 2006. Stata tip 30: May the source be with you. Stata Journal 6: 149–150.
18 Programming StataContents18.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20218.2 Relationship between a program and a do-file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20218.3 Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20518.3.1 Local macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20618.3.2 Global macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20718.3.3 The difference between local and global macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20718.3.4 Macros and expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20818.3.5 Double quotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20918.3.6 Extended macro functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21118.3.7 Macro increment and decrement functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21218.3.8 Macro expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21318.3.9 Advanced local macro manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21418.3.10 Advanced global macro manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21518.3.11 Constructing Windows filenames by using macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21618.3.12 Accessing system values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21618.3.13 Referring to characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21618.4 Program arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21718.4.1 Named positional arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21918.4.2 Incrementing through positional arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22018.4.3 Using macro shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22218.4.4 Parsing standard Stata syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22318.4.5 Parsing immediate commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22418.4.6 Parsing nonstandard syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22518.5 Scalars and matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22618.6 Temporarily destroying the data in memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22618.7 Temporary objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22618.7.1 Temporary variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22718.7.2 Temporary scalars and matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22718.7.3 Temporary files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22818.8 Accessing results calculated by other programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22818.9 Accessing results calculated by estimation commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23118.10 Saving results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23218.10.1 Saving results in r() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23318.10.2 Saving results in e() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23418.10.3 Saving results in s() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23718.11 Ado-files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23718.11.1 Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23918.11.2 Comments and long lines in ado-files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23918.11.3 Debugging ado-files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24018.11.4 Local subroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24018.11.5 Development of a sample ado-command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24218.11.6 Writing online help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24718.11.7 Programming dialog boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25318.12 A compendium of useful commands for programmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25318.13 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253201
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A Stata Press PublicationStataCorp
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iTable of contentsStata basics1 Rea
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iii8.2 The return message for obtai
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v14 Matrix expressions . . . . . .
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vii18.11.6 Writing online help . .
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ix25.2.15 Treatment of empty cells
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Stata basics1 Read this—it will h
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4 [ U ] 1 Read this—it will helpA
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6 [ U ] 1 Read this—it will helpW
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8 [ U ] 1 Read this—it will helpW
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10 [ U ] 1 Read this—it will help
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36 [ U ] 2 A brief description of S
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38 [ U ] 2 A brief description of S
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40 [ U ] 3 Resources for learning a
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[ U ] 4.3 help: Stata’s help syst
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52 [ U ] 4 Stata’s help and searc
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58 [ U ] 5 Flavors of Stata5.2 Stat
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60 [ U ] 5 Flavors of StataThe diff
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62 [ U ] 6 Setting the size of memo
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8 Error messages and return codesCo
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[ U ] 8.2 The return message for ob
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76 [ U ] 9 The Break key9.2 Side ef
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78 [ U ] 10 Keyboard usesave is the
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80 [ U ] 10 Keyboard use10.4 Editin
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82 [ U ] 10 Keyboard useAnother met
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11 Language syntaxContents11.1 Over
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[ U ] 11.1 Overview 8711.1.2 by var
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[ U ] 11.1 Overview 89. summarize m
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[ U ] 11.1 Overview 91Example 7Nega
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11.1.7 options[ U ] 11.1 Overview 9
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[ U ] 11.1 Overview 9511.1.8 numlis
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[ U ] 11.2 Abbreviation rules 97by
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[ U ] 11.3 Naming conventions 99The
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[ U ] 11.4 varlists 101You may use
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[ U ] 11.4 varlists 103Consider a v
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[ U ] 11.4 varlists 105Here are som
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[ U ] 11.4 varlists 107You can sele
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[ U ] 11.4 varlists 109. use http:/
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[ U ] 11.5 by varlist: construct 11
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[ U ] 11.5 by varlist: construct 11
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[ U ] 11.6 File-naming conventions
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12 DataContents12.1 Data and datase
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[ U ] 12.2 Numbers 119. display 2/0
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[ U ] 12.2 Numbers 121Technical not
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[ U ] 12.4 Strings 12312.4 StringsA
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[ U ] 12.5 Formats: Controlling how
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[ U ] 12.6 Dataset, variable, and v
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[ U ] 12.8 Characteristics 139You c
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[ U ] 12.10 References 141The Varia
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144 [ U ] 13 Functions and expressi
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Page 188 and 189: 176 [ U ] 15 Saving and printing ou
Page 194 and 195: 182 [ U ] 16 Do-filesYou then enter
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Page 207 and 208: 17 Ado-filesContents17.1 Descriptio
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Page 217 and 218: [ U ] 18.3 Macros 205That problem i
Page 219 and 220: [ U ] 18.3 Macros 207For the right
Page 221 and 222: [ U ] 18.3 Macros 209To a programme
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[ U ] 18.11 Ado-files 2515. Include
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[ U ] 18.13 References 253Technical
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256 [ U ] 19 Immediate commands19.1
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258 [ U ] 19 Immediate commands19.1
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260 [ U ] 20 Estimation and postest
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316 [ U ] 21 Inputting data21.2 Det
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318 [ U ] 21 Inputting dataM,Joe Sm
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320 [ U ] 21 Inputting dataTechnica
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322 [ U ] 21 Inputting dataAnother
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22 Combining datasetsYou have two d
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23 Working with stringsContents23.1
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[ U ] 23.4 Complex strings 329The p
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24 Working with dates and timesCont
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[ U ] 24.2 Inputting dates and time
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[ U ] 24.2 Inputting dates and time
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[ U ] 24.6 Converting between date
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25 Working with categorical data an
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[ U ] 25.1 Continuous, categorical,
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[ U ] 25.2 Estimation with factor v
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26 Overview of Stata estimation com
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[ U ] 26.3 ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA, a
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[ U ] 26.5 Binary-outcome qualitati
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[ U ] 26.9 Exact estimators 363In t
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[ U ] 26.14 Models with time-series
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[ U ] 26.15 Panel-data models 367xt
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26.15.6 Random-coefficient models w
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[ U ] 26.21 Multivariate and cluste
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[ U ] 26.25 Reference 373should try
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376 [ U ] 27 Commands everyone shou
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378 [ U ] 28 Using the Internet to
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390 Subject and author indexcoeffic
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392 Subject and author indexIif exp
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394 Subject and author indexPiantad
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396 Subject and author indexUnix,ke
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