Oracle Database 11 g - Online Public Access Catalog

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110 CHAPTER 3 ■ DATABASE ADMINISTRATIONSQL> select client_name,job_name,job_start_timefrom dba_autotask_job_history;CLIENT_NAME JOB_NAME JOB_START_TIME------------------ -------------------- ---------------------------auto optimizer ORA$AT_OS_OPT_SY_1 15-MAR-07 10.00 PM -05:00stats collectionauto space advisor ORA$AT_SA_SPC_SY_22 19-MAR-07 10.00 PM -05:00sql tuning advisor ORA$AT_SQ_SQL_SW_103 28-MAR-07 10.00 PM -05:00SQL>Notice that all three database maintenance jobs run daily at 10 p.m. by default.You can use the following procedures from the DBMS_AUTO_TASK_ADMIN package to performvarious management tasks relating to the automatic maintenance tasks:• get_p1_resources: This procedure returns the percentage of resources allocated to eachof the four high-priority resource groups relating to the maintenance tasks.• set_pi_resources: Use this procedure to modify the resource allocation to each of theresource groups used by the automatic maintenance task (AUTOTASK) clients.• set_attribute: This procedure lets you set attributes for a task, a client, or an operation.• override_priority: You can use this procedure to override task priorities at the client,operation, and task level. For example, you can set the priority of a task to urgent, therebymaking it jump to the top of the maintenance window the next time the database executesthat task.■Note There are some important additions to Oracle Scheduler’s capabilities, which we will discusstowards the end of this chapter.Flashback-Related New FeaturesOracle9i Database and Oracle Database 10g introduced and developed several flashback-relatedfeatures that enhanced the ability of DBAs and developers to perform the logical repair of data,besides providing means to produce “as-if” reports using historical data. In Oracle Database 11g,Oracle takes the flashback concept further by giving you two very useful features. The flashbackdata archive, which is the underlying technology behind the new Oracle Total Recall option,lets you track, store, and manage historical changes in data (that is, all versions of a table’s rowsover time) and lets you easily query the historical data. The flashback transaction backout featurelets you back out unwanted transactions effortlessly with a one-step transaction backout operation.We’ll review the flashback data archive feature in the following section, followed by adiscussion of the flashback transaction backout feature.
CHAPTER 3 ■ DATABASE ADMINISTRATION 111Total Recall and the Flashback Data ArchiveOracle Database 10g release introduced several flashback-related features that helped youperform various logical data correction and recovery tasks, such as recovering an accidentallydropped table or rewinding the database or transaction to a previous point in time. To performtheir magic, all flashback features (except for flashback database, which depends on flashbacklogs) rely on the undo data stored in the undo tablespace. During every transaction that involves achange in a table’s data, the Oracle server copies “old” pre-change data to the undo segmentsin the undo tablespace. This undo data is useful in recovering databases, in providing dataconsistency, and, more important for this discussion, in helping roll back unwanted transactionsbefore you commit the changes.Although the undo data is stored in a tablespace and thus is of a persistent nature, there’sa limit on how far back you can go in terms of retrieving older data—the undo tablespace can’tserve as a historical archive of all the changes that were made to a table’s data. Although theundo tablespace in an Oracle database performs several functions, the most important of which isthe maintenance of transaction consistency, the undo management’s main function isn’t toserve as an archival record of all changes made to data over time.In addition to the problem of a space-restricted amount of stored undo data, another limitationof undo data is that you can’t collect undo data for a limited set of tables or transactions.Let’s say you are interested in tracking changes in only two tables over time. Oracle’s undomanagement feature doesn’t let you specify that only the undo of these two important tablesbe saved—it’s an all-or-nothing deal when it comes to storing undo data.Oracle Database 11g takes flashback technology further by introducing a major new flashback-relatedfeature, called the flashback data archive. Oracle actually calls the new featureTotal Recall, with flashback data archive as the underlying technology. The flashback dataarchive feature provides a new time dimension to your data, enabling you to automaticallytrack and record all changes made to a table row securely and effortlessly.In some types of applications, such as applications dealing with compliance reporting andaudit reports, sometimes you’d need to examine the entire history of a piece of data. That is,you’d need to have access to the entire history of a table row, from its inception to the presenttime, showing all the changes that row went through. If you aren’t using the flashback dataarchive feature, you can use a flashback query when you want to see some historical information,but the SCN or the timestamp you specify in the flashback query must be less than theduration of your undo retention setting for the database. Flashback data archiving removesthis limitation on data retention inherent in undo management as currently implemented byOracle—you can retain historical data for as long as you want, without regard for the length ofundo retention or the amount of flashback logs.■Note The flashback data archive feature tracks and stores transactional changes to rows in only the tableor tables you explicitly specify. In other words, the archiving isn’t done en masse for all tables in the database.Regulatory oversight and compliance requirements due to regulations such as HIPAA andSarbanes-Oxley have led to a serious need for retaining data over long periods of time. Longretention periods that span several years of time mean you need an efficient and secure
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The EXPERT’s VOIce ® IN ORACLEAl
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Contents at a GlanceAbout the Autho
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■CONTENTSixSQL*Plus New Features
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■CONTENTSxiEnterprise Manager Int
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■CONTENTSxiiiCombined Capture and
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■CONTENTSxvImprovements in Redo T
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About the Authors■SAM ALAPATI is
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xxii■ACKNOWLEDGMENTSNothing I do
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xxiv■INTRODUCTIONPerformance Mana
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xxvi■INTRODUCTION• The easy add
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xxviii■INTRODUCTION• The flashb
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2 CHAPTER 1 ■ INSTALLING, UPGRADI
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58 CHAPTER 2 ■ DATABASE DIAGNOSAB
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168 CHAPTER 4 ■ PERFORMANCE MANAG
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226 CHAPTER 5 ■ DATABASE SECURITY
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266 CHAPTER 6 ■ BACKUP AND RECOVE
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CHAPTER 7■ ■ ■Data PumpDBAs a
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 315if test
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 317DBA11g1
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 319Encrypti
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 321Please b
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 323Remappin
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 325SELECT d
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 327Document
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 329SQL> sel
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 331SQL> sel
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 333DBMS_OUT
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 335If you a
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338 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSLat
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340 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSA s
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342 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSSQL
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348 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSDBM
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358 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSSup
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CHAPTER 9■ ■ ■Storage Managem
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CHAPTER 9 ■ STORAGE MANAGEMENT 36
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416 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARD• Lo
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418 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDsql ch
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420 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDDBA11g
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422 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDWhile
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424 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDSQL> c
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428 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARD7. Swi
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430 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDwho ha
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434 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDDynami
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438 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDcomman
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440 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDCustom
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442 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDselect
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446 CHAPTER 11 ■ APPLICATION DEVE
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CHAPTER 12■ ■ ■Data Warehousi
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATA WAREHOUSING 517
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566 ■INDEXadvise failure command,
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568 ■INDEXDBMS_ADDM package, 216-
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570 ■INDEXcdump diagnostic direct
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572 ■INDEXcursor_sharing paramete
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576 ■INDEXDBMS-WORKLOAD_REPOSITOR
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586 ■INDEXOCISessionGet( ) method
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592 ■INDEXreader farm, 421read-on
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594 ■INDEXrestoring backup contro
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600 ■INDEXOracle Audit Vault, 259
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