Oracle Database 11 g - Online Public Access Catalog

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232 CHAPTER 5 ■ DATABASE SECURITYFLOWS_FILESHRIXJJONES......10G 11G10G 11G10G 11G10G 11GIf the PASSWORD_VERSIONS column reflects a value of 10g, this implies the database accountwas upgraded to Oracle Database 11g but the password has not yet been modified. In thisparticular case, the PASSWORD_VERSIONS column remains case-insensitive. The password willremain case-insensitive until you change the password in Oracle Database 11g.Case-Sensitive Password FilesYou can incorporate password sensitivity into the orapw password file for sysdba and sysoperusers. When creating the orapw password file, you can set the ignorecase option to n to designatethat the password file record password entries in case-sensitive format. Let’s see how youcan set the case-sensitive password file with the ignorecase option:orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=ORAcle123 \entries=25 ignorecase=nNot specifying the ignorecase parameter while creating the orapw file will cause OracleDatabase11g to default to case-insensitive passwords.Change Default User PasswordsA new view called DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD is provided to flag database accounts withdefault passwords. This view includes both locked and unlocked accounts. As a best securitypractice, all users who show up as entries in this view should have their passwords changed.Safe password management will protect your database environment and make you less vulnerableto attacks by intruders. Let’s see all the database accounts that have default passwords:SQL> select usernamefrom dba_users_with_defpwdorder by usernameSQL> /USERNAME------------------------------CTXSYSDIPEXFSYSMDDATAMDSYSOLAPSYSORDPLUGINSORDSYSOUTLN
CHAPTER 5 ■ DATABASE SECURITY 233SCOTTSI_INFORMTN_SCHEMAWK_TESTWMSYSXDB14 rows selected.A better query would be to cross-reference the DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD view withthe DBA_USERS view. This will identify database accounts with default passwords and activestatus. You can use the following query to find such culprits:SQL> select usernamefrom dba_users_with_defpwdwhere username in(select usernamefrom dba_userswhere account_status='OPEN')SQL> /USERNAME----------SHFor this particular example, the sales history (SH) database account was intentionallyenabled to provide this output. You can easily change the passwords for any accounts that theDBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD view lists as offenders. Let’s change the password for the SHaccount to a strong password:SQL> alter user sh identified by Oracl3D3v3lop3r123;User altered.This DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD view reports only those accounts with default passwordsfor Oracle-supplied database accounts. It does not protect the database from otheraccounts that have weak passwords.Database Links and Case SensitivitySince Oracle Database 9i and 10g are not case-sensitive, connecting to Oracle Database 11gcan pose some complications. Oracle provides a set of rules to govern password management,and connection negotiation is between Oracle Database 11g and other versions of the database.Obviously, if you are connecting from Oracle Database 11g to another Oracle Database11g using a database link, the password sensitivity remains case-sensitive.First, look at what has to happen to make connections from a previous release of Oracle toa case-sensitive Oracle Database 11g. You must alter the password on Oracle Database 11g tothe uppercase equivalent of the password designated in the database link’s CONNECT TO USERNAMEIDENTIFIED BY clause section. Oracle stores the password for the database links in uppercase.
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The EXPERT’s VOIce ® IN ORACLEAl
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Contents at a GlanceAbout the Autho
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■CONTENTSixSQL*Plus New Features
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■CONTENTSxiEnterprise Manager Int
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■CONTENTSxiiiCombined Capture and
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■CONTENTSxvImprovements in Redo T
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About the Authors■SAM ALAPATI is
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xxii■ACKNOWLEDGMENTSNothing I do
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xxiv■INTRODUCTIONPerformance Mana
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xxvi■INTRODUCTION• The easy add
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xxviii■INTRODUCTION• The flashb
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2 CHAPTER 1 ■ INSTALLING, UPGRADI
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100 CHAPTER 3 ■ DATABASE ADMINIST
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CHAPTER 7■ ■ ■Data PumpDBAs a
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 315if test
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 317DBA11g1
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 319Encrypti
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 321Please b
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 323Remappin
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 325SELECT d
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 327Document
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 329SQL> sel
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 331SQL> sel
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 333DBMS_OUT
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 335If you a
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338 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSLat
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340 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSA s
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342 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSSQL
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344 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSThe
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346 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSStr
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348 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSDBM
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350 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSPle
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354 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSSpl
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356 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSpro
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358 CHAPTER 8 ■ ORACLE STREAMSSup
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CHAPTER 9■ ■ ■Storage Managem
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CHAPTER 9 ■ STORAGE MANAGEMENT 36
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416 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARD• Lo
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418 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDsql ch
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420 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDDBA11g
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422 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDWhile
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424 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDSQL> c
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438 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDcomman
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440 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDCustom
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442 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDselect
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444 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARDby Dat
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446 CHAPTER 11 ■ APPLICATION DEVE
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CHAPTER 12■ ■ ■Data Warehousi
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566 ■INDEXadvise failure command,
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568 ■INDEXDBMS_ADDM package, 216-
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570 ■INDEXcdump diagnostic direct
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594 ■INDEXrestoring backup contro
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600 ■INDEXOracle Audit Vault, 259
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