Oracle Database 11 g - Online Public Access Catalog

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384 CHAPTER 9 ■ STORAGE MANAGEMENTNAMEVALUE-------------------- --------------------disk_repair_time 5Hau_size 1048576compatible.asm 11.1.0.0.0compatible.rdbms 10.1.0.0.0Using the DATA diskgroup we created earlier, let’s change the compatible.rdbms attributeto 11.1:SQL> alter diskgroup data set attribute 'compatible.rdbms' = '11.1';By querying V$ASM_ATTRIBUTE, you can see that the compatibility for the RDBMS is set:select name, valuefrom v$asm_attributewhere group_number=1SQL> /NAMEVALUE-------------------- --------------------disk_repair_time 5Hau_size 1048576compatible.asm 11.1.0.0.0compatible.rdbms 11.1.0.0.0You can specify a combination of attributes at diskgroup creation time. We’ll show anotherexample where the au_size and compatible.asm attributes are specified in a single creatediskgroup command:create diskgroup fra disk '/dev/raw/raw11','/dev/raw/raw12','/dev/raw/raw13'attribute 'au_size' = '16M', 'compatible.asm' = '11.1'SQL> /Again, you can create this same FRA diskgroup with the ASMLIB syntax:create diskgroup fra disk 'ORCL:VOL3','ORCL:VOL4','ORCL:VOL5'attribute 'au_size' = '16M', 'compatible.asm' = '11.1'SQL> /
CHAPTER 9 ■ STORAGE MANAGEMENT 385■Note ASM best practices recommend only two diskgroups. The general philosophy is that two diskgroups,DATA and FRA (for the flash recovery area), will suit the majority of the technical requirements of most companies.There are site-specific considerations that may need to be considered. For example, if your company utilizesa combination of RAID 1+0 and RAID 5 on the same server, you must create separate diskgroups since youdo not want to mix multiple RAID levels in a single diskgroup. In this case, this particular company had terabytes ofASM storage on RAID 5 for BLOBs and RAID 1+0 for relational OLTP data.Additionally, if you have differently sized disks, you have another candidate for additional diskgroups. Anothergood case for a separate diskgroup is when the disk attributes and speed are different from others.Allocation Unit (AU) SizesPrior to Oracle Database 11g, the AU size could not be specified at diskgroup creation time. AllAUs were 1MB. There is a workaround, but not very many DBAs are aware that you can havemultiple au_sizes in Oracle Database 10g. Specifying au_size in Oracle Database 10g meanssetting an underscore initialization parameter and creating the diskgroup. If you want multipleAU sizes, you must set the initialization parameter and bounce the ASM instance with the new AUsize. The following underscore initialization parameters allow a 16MB AU size and 1MB AUstripe size. This is recommended only for VLDB databases or may be suitable for databases thathave large objects (BLOBs and CLOBs).• _asm_ausize=16777216• _asm_stripesize=1048576In Oracle Database 11g, the au_size attribute can be specified only at diskgroup creationtime. Because it involves storage characteristics, this attribute cannot be modified using thealter diskgroup command.Starting in Oracle Database 11g, you can set the ASM allocation unit (AU) size from 1MBall the way to 64MB in powers of 2. As of Oracle Database 11g, the valid extent sizes are 1, 2, 4,8, 16, 32, or 64MB. The larger AUs can be beneficial for large VLDB databases or data warehousesthat perform large sequential reads. In addition, organizations that store BLOB or SecureFilesinside the database can benefit from larger AUs.Variable-Size ExtentsVariable-size extents provide support for larger ASM files. Moreover, this feature reduces theSGA requirements to manage the extent maps in the RDBMS instance. Setting the AU to ahigher number also reduces the metadata space usage since it reduces the number of extentpointers associated with the metadata. Moreover, variable-size extents can significantly improvedatabase open time and reduce memory utilization in the shared pool. Variable-size extentsallow you to support databases that are hundreds of TB and even several PB in size.
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The EXPERT’s VOIce ® IN ORACLEAl
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Contents at a GlanceAbout the Autho
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■CONTENTSixSQL*Plus New Features
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■CONTENTSxiEnterprise Manager Int
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■CONTENTSxiiiCombined Capture and
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■CONTENTSxvImprovements in Redo T
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About the Authors■SAM ALAPATI is
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xxii■ACKNOWLEDGMENTSNothing I do
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xxiv■INTRODUCTIONPerformance Mana
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xxvi■INTRODUCTION• The easy add
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xxviii■INTRODUCTION• The flashb
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2 CHAPTER 1 ■ INSTALLING, UPGRADI
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100 CHAPTER 3 ■ DATABASE ADMINIST
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226 CHAPTER 5 ■ DATABASE SECURITY
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266 CHAPTER 6 ■ BACKUP AND RECOVE
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CHAPTER 7■ ■ ■Data PumpDBAs a
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 315if test
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 317DBA11g1
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 319Encrypti
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 321Please b
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 323Remappin
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 325SELECT d
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446 CHAPTER 11 ■ APPLICATION DEVE
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566 ■INDEXadvise failure command,
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600 ■INDEXOracle Audit Vault, 259
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