Oracle Database 11 g - Online Public Access Catalog

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162 CHAPTER 3 ■ DATABASE ADMINISTRATIONLightweight JobsA Scheduler job is a task you schedule to run one or more times. Jobs contain two things: theaction to be taken and its schedule. You can create a job by explicitly specifying the action to beperformed by the job and its schedule in the job definition itself, and you can also create a jobby using an existing program object and schedule object to specify the action and the frequency ofexecution.In Oracle Database 10g, there was simply only one type of job you could create. OracleDatabase 11g lets you create two types of jobs: regular jobs and lightweight jobs. Regular jobsare the jobs supported by the Scheduler in Oracle Database 11g. Regular jobs entail quite a bitof overhead, because they have to be created and dropped after each execution by the Scheduler.Regular jobs offer advantages such as the ability to use other users’ programs, and they offerfine-grained control over the privileges to run the job.A lightweight job inherits the privileges, and in some cases the job metadata itself, from ajob template. Lightweight jobs aren’t self-contained jobs like regular Scheduler jobs, since theyinherit the job characteristics from the job template. If the Scheduler needs to create and dropa large number of jobs every day, lightweight jobs are preferable to regular jobs. Use regularjobs for tasks that you need to execute infrequently. Lightweight jobs, since they aren’t databaseobjects, don’t cause overhead by having to create and drop them. In addition, they arefaster to create and need less space for storing their metadata.You create a lightweight job by using the create_job procedure of the DBMS_SCHEDULERpackage. In addition to the usual arguments that you must supply to create a regular job, youalso specify the value LIGHTWEIGHT for the new attribute job_style. You don’t have to specifythe job_style attribute when creating a regular job. The following example shows how tocreate a lightweight job by specifying a program as a job template.The following statement creates a lightweight job that uses the program test_prog as a jobtemplate:begindbms_scheduler.create_job (job_name => 'lightweight_job1',template => 'test_prog',repeat_interval => 'freq=daily;by_hour=9',end_time => '30-DEC-07 12.00.00 AMAustralia/Sydney',job_style => 'LIGHTWEIGHT',comments => 'New lightweight job’);end;/In the example, the template attribute refers to the program (or stored procedure) thatcontains the job action. Note that you must use a job template when creating a lightweight job.That is, you can’t create a lightweight job that contains all the information in the job creationstatement itself. You also can’t assign privileges directly in a lightweight job because the jobwill acquire or inherit the privileges from the job template.
CHAPTER 3 ■ DATABASE ADMINISTRATION 163Remote External JobsA Scheduler job that runs outside the Oracle database, such as an operating system shell script,is known as an external job. You specify the value executable for the job_type attribute whendealing with an external job. These external jobs, which you are familiar with from the OracleDatabase 10g release, are called local external jobs now, since they run locally on the same hostwhere the scheduling database is running.Oracle Database 11g introduces a new type of operating system external job, called a remoteexternal job, which runs, not on the host that’s running the Oracle database but on a remotehost. The database uses a Scheduler agent (formally known as Oracle External Scheduler Agent) ona remote host to start remote external jobs and return their results to the scheduling database.The remote host needs only the Scheduler agent and not an Oracle database. The Scheduleragent must register separately with each of the Oracle databases that you want to grant permissionto in order to run a remote external job on the server hosting the Scheduler agent.Installing, Registering, and Managing the Scheduler AgentBefore you can create and schedule a remote external job, you must first install and configurethe Scheduler agent. You can do this by installing Oracle Database Gateway. For our Linuxserver, we downloaded and installed Oracle Database Gateway 11g Release 1 (11.1.0.6.0) forLinux x86 from the Oracle web site (you can also install it from the database CD pack). Here arethe installation configuration and registration steps for the Scheduler agent:1. Run the Oracle Universal Installer from the directory where you saved the OracleDatabase Gateway software files, as shown here:$ /11g/gateways/runInstallerOf course, you must first unzip the downloaded installation file (linux_11gR1_gateways.zipin our case) before you can invoke the Oracle Universal Installer.2. On the Select a Product to Install page, which appears after the Welcome page, selectOracle Scheduler Agent 11.1.0.6.0.On the Oracle Scheduler Agent page, specify the Scheduler agent host name andport number.3. Once the installation of the agent is complete, you must run the root.sh configurationscript as the root user. A successful installation is reported with a message on the End ofInstallation page. Click Exit to leave the Oracle Universal Installer.Once you install the Scheduler agent, it’s time to register the agent with the databasethat you’ll be using to run external jobs on the host housing the agent. Before you canregister the agent with a particular database, you must first “set up” that database byissuing the following command as the user sys:$ @ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prvtrsch.plb
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The EXPERT’s VOIce ® IN ORACLEAl
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Contents at a GlanceAbout the Autho
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■CONTENTSixSQL*Plus New Features
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xxii■ACKNOWLEDGMENTSNothing I do
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xxiv■INTRODUCTIONPerformance Mana
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226 CHAPTER 5 ■ DATABASE SECURITY
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266 CHAPTER 6 ■ BACKUP AND RECOVE
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CHAPTER 7■ ■ ■Data PumpDBAs a
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 315if test
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 317DBA11g1
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 319Encrypti
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CHAPTER 7 ■ DATA PUMP 325SELECT d
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CHAPTER 9■ ■ ■Storage Managem
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416 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATA GUARD• Lo
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446 CHAPTER 11 ■ APPLICATION DEVE
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566 ■INDEXadvise failure command,
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