Case Study 3Case study 3, located in two neighbouring urban districts, was intended to be a jointPathfinder. However, in reality, <strong>the</strong> two local authorities worked almost entirelyindependently <strong>of</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r. Each was separately funded and <strong>the</strong> management anddelivery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two programmes was quite different.LA1In LA1, Pathfinder funding enabled expansion and consolidation <strong>of</strong> an already existinglanguage competence model based primarily on <strong>the</strong> employment <strong>of</strong> peripatetic foreignlanguage (French and Spanish) assistants. Primary languages had begun in 1999 with <strong>the</strong>local authority taking a lead in co-ordinating one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Good Practice projects promoted byCILT. This was a small scale project involving only four schools teaching French to years 5and 6. However, strong interest from o<strong>the</strong>r schools meant that <strong>the</strong> project expanded rapidly.Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> authority supported this expansion financially through a number <strong>of</strong>initiatives, including Education Action Zones.An arrangement had been adopted by which schools opted into a service level agreementwith <strong>the</strong> authority to maintain <strong>the</strong> provision. Pathfinder funding had helped introduce newschools to this scheme. This commitment from schools and <strong>the</strong> LA had resulted in almost all<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> one hundred and twenty primary schools in <strong>the</strong> city providing some form <strong>of</strong> foreignlanguage experience for <strong>the</strong>ir pupils, although few had extended <strong>the</strong>ir provision throughoutKS2. The LA had already created a number <strong>of</strong> advisory teacher posts to provide essentialco-ordination, liaison between schools and training for <strong>the</strong> growing team <strong>of</strong> FLAs, <strong>the</strong> mainelements in <strong>the</strong> delivery <strong>of</strong> teaching. Some teaching was also provided by outreach workfrom <strong>the</strong> Specialist <strong>Language</strong> Colleges, by teachers at 'destination' secondary schools andby teachers in <strong>the</strong> primaries with some experience <strong>of</strong> MFL some <strong>of</strong> whom had AST status.Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> primaries had been designated Centres <strong>of</strong> Excellence and served as points <strong>of</strong>dissemination for o<strong>the</strong>r primary language providers. Whilst French dominates, <strong>the</strong>re werereal efforts to increase provision <strong>of</strong> Spanish. Beneficial international links had beenestablished bringing many visitors – and visiting teachers – to <strong>the</strong> city’s schools.Expansion <strong>of</strong> provision had been facilitated by a dedicated and dynamic advisory team. Theywere largely responsible for <strong>the</strong> recruitment, induction, training and monitoring <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>assistants and <strong>the</strong>y supported o<strong>the</strong>r teachers in cross phase liaison and outreach work.They had also produced schemes <strong>of</strong> work and training materials which defined veryprecisely <strong>the</strong> content <strong>of</strong> lessons and set out a very clear methodological framework.While <strong>the</strong> consistency <strong>of</strong> approach guaranteed a good foundation for replicability, <strong>the</strong>re werestill areas needing fur<strong>the</strong>r development, notably:• sustaining <strong>the</strong> supply <strong>of</strong> able assistants and providing <strong>the</strong>m with career prospects;• ensuring that class teachers, currently observing <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> FLAs and o<strong>the</strong>r MFL'specialists', take a more active role in lessons and gain <strong>the</strong> necessary confidence –linguistic and methodological - to be able to take on full responsibility for languageclasses;• establishing an assessment scheme which will provide evidence <strong>of</strong> pupils’achievements in all language skills.Schools visited were uniformly optimistic about <strong>the</strong> future <strong>of</strong> primary languages although lesscertain about how <strong>the</strong>y were going to meet, in full, <strong>the</strong> requirements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national policy.LA2LA2 went into <strong>the</strong> Pathfinder from a much lower base-line than its neighbouring authority.However, unlike LA1, <strong>the</strong> main thrust for primary languages development has come andcontinues to come from its one Specialist <strong>Language</strong> College. Pathfinder funding was135
channelled through this school. At <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pathfinder, <strong>the</strong> SLC was workingwith seven <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> LA's fifty-nine primaries (its own partner schools). The number <strong>of</strong> primaryschools involved increased marginally but, in <strong>the</strong> later stages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pathfinder, <strong>the</strong>re wasalso more ‘in depth’ work in those specific schools to develop languages across KS2.Most participants encountered accepted that <strong>the</strong> collaboration with LA1 had been beneficial,but it was clear that <strong>the</strong>re had been relatively little contact after <strong>the</strong> initial developmentalstage.Several factors, labelled as ‘unfavourable’ by <strong>the</strong> main protagonists, had created a difficultclimate for primary language developments. Only four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Borough’s secondary schoolshad retained languages as a compulsory subject in key stage 4. This inevitably reduced <strong>the</strong>capacity <strong>of</strong> secondary schools to take on responsibility for developing languages in <strong>the</strong>irfeeder schools. There was also considerable 'leakage' at <strong>the</strong> primary-secondary transferstage with some parents selecting secondary schools in neighbouring LAs for <strong>the</strong>ir children.The precise extent <strong>of</strong> this problem at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> case-study visit was not investigated but<strong>the</strong>re is no doubt that if it was, indeed, significant, it did not help <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> strongsystems for transition and it may also have affected <strong>the</strong> morale <strong>of</strong> teachers interested inprimary languages in both primaries and secondary schools.Despite some difficulties in attaining all <strong>the</strong> aims <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pathfinder, notably <strong>the</strong> commitment<strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r secondary schools to develop similar outreach language teaching, <strong>the</strong>re had been anumber <strong>of</strong> worthy initiatives on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> SLC, including special events for gifted andtalented pupils, experimentation with a family learning scheme, <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> ICTresources and associated training, and surveys <strong>of</strong> pupil attitudes.There had also been real efforts to diversify provision which had resulted in an increase inSpanish and some more German being taught. The level <strong>of</strong> some teachers’ competence,however, was ra<strong>the</strong>r low, <strong>the</strong>refore providing a ra<strong>the</strong>r poor model for pupils.The main obstacle to be overcome, if <strong>the</strong> authority’s schools are to be ready for 2010, is <strong>the</strong>over-reliance on <strong>the</strong> single SLC and <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> interest and engagement - so far - from o<strong>the</strong>rsecondary schools in creating new ‘families’ <strong>of</strong> schools.Both LAs benefited from <strong>the</strong> proximity <strong>of</strong> HEIs, providing specialist initial and in-servicetraining. Primary teachers in both authorities were also supported if <strong>the</strong>y took advantage <strong>of</strong>language refreshment classes, some <strong>of</strong> which, in LA1, were organised by LA staff<strong>the</strong>mselves.136
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RESEARCHEvaluation of the Key Stage
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Contents1. Executive summary 32. In
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practice and factors that might imp
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of the experience. Individual feedb
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• The analysis revealed the need
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• Are pupils with SEN and gifted
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Both respondent characteristics and
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Interviews were recorded and a 25%
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2.2. Advantages and disadvantages o
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2.2.2. Languages Delivery by the Pr
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2.2.4. Languages Delivery through a
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Analysing these models, conditions
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• Schools should be encouraged to
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however, instances of schools where
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3.1.3.4. Time allocated to language
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‘French would not be taught now a
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• beneficial for the subject’s
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Many teachers remained very depende
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Table 2: Integration and Communicat
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‘We’ve written a letter and dra
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‘it makes you realise that if acc
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Table 5: Languages and Learning - Q
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3.1.5. Pupils - Learning and Attitu
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• useful for travelling abroad -
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• ‘Comments at the end to help
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‘At times they find it difficult
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teacher who knew our level.’ In t
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In most Pathfinders, however, there
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3.2.2. Recommendations• Primary t
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Effective staffing is essential to
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Martin and Mitchell 1993). In anoth
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Nineteen respondents had specialise
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As revealed in questionnaire 1, in
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However, some teachers were pleasan
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However, there were frequent instan
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• team-teaching on the ground•
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involved external bodies in the del
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Generally, there was a sense that s
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• Methods of recording progressio
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However, there were challenges in a
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In one Pathfinder one school cluste
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One example of assessment included
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- Page 133 and 134: ReferencesBell, E with Cox, K. (199
- Page 135: Case Study 2Case study 2 is a compa
- Page 139 and 140: Case Study 5This LA is a large auth
- Page 141 and 142: Case Study 7Case study 7 is a joint
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