The impact on <strong>the</strong> curriculum also varied according to <strong>the</strong> goals schools had in mind, andwhe<strong>the</strong>r schools were focusing particularly on a language competence model in a singlelanguage, on taster sessions in one or more languages, on raising awareness <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rlanguages and cultures, or simply promoting positive attitudes, or in some cases, acombination <strong>of</strong> all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se.So, for example, goals cited by headteachers were• language competence alongside some language awareness• cultural awareness and positive attitudes ra<strong>the</strong>r than competence• that children should be exposed to <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>re are o<strong>the</strong>r languages and that <strong>the</strong>ymake as much sense as English• to ensure that children are motivated, enthusiastic and confident by <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong>ytransfer.There were still tensions, however, with <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> demands on <strong>the</strong> primary curriculum. Asone headteacher put it:‘I really feel <strong>the</strong> primary curriculum as it is at <strong>the</strong> moment is pretty squashed and to putano<strong>the</strong>r subject in is tough, when <strong>the</strong> agenda is still about raising attainment in <strong>the</strong> coresubjects, … essentially SATs results are still what you are judged on and I think it takes a lot<strong>of</strong> courage to say, “We’re not worried abut our SATs”, because you are still getting <strong>the</strong>setargets coming down and <strong>the</strong> pressure is on.’ (headteacher)3.1.4.2. Schemes <strong>of</strong> work (including QCA)/<strong>Key</strong> <strong>Stage</strong> 2 FrameworkIn order to provide consistent and effective languages provision, coherent schemes <strong>of</strong> workshould be available, at least at school or local level. These schemes <strong>of</strong> work can beunderpinned or can evolve from a coherent national framework and scheme <strong>of</strong> work. Theavailability and effective use <strong>of</strong> such a scheme <strong>of</strong> work contributes both to learners’progression in <strong>the</strong> subject and to teachers’ confidence when faced with, for example, staffingchanges or illness. In <strong>the</strong> specific case <strong>of</strong> primary languages, a scheme <strong>of</strong> work isparticularly beneficial for a number <strong>of</strong> reasons:• helpful developmentally, to counter to some degree a teacher’s perceived or actuallack <strong>of</strong> subject competence• important for pupils’ progression and assessment (between years and key stages,across schools and across authorities)31
• beneficial for <strong>the</strong> subject’s coherence and statusIt is especially important that pupils are not repeating schemes <strong>of</strong> work in vertical groupings.A scheme <strong>of</strong> work should not result in, for example, <strong>the</strong> prescription <strong>of</strong> French.In <strong>the</strong> <strong>Pathfinders</strong>, <strong>the</strong>re was no uniform approach to <strong>the</strong> utilisation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> QCA Schemes <strong>of</strong>Work for <strong>Key</strong> <strong>Stage</strong> 2. In some schools, <strong>the</strong>y had been adopted wholesale, along wi<strong>the</strong>lements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> draft <strong>Key</strong> <strong>Stage</strong> 2 Framework, in o<strong>the</strong>rs units had been successfully adaptedor integrated with local authority produced materials. Some teachers were very informedabout <strong>the</strong>se documents, in o<strong>the</strong>r schools <strong>the</strong>re was apparently no awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>guidelines.In some cases, specialists (ei<strong>the</strong>r local authority personnel such as advisory teachers,secondary school or Specialist <strong>Language</strong> College (SLC) teachers, or lead primary teachersfrom schools where exemplar primary languages practice was in place) had collaborated toproduce schemes <strong>of</strong> work based on <strong>the</strong> QCA guidelines, toge<strong>the</strong>r with packs <strong>of</strong> topic basedresources including detailed lesson plans and all <strong>the</strong> necessary teaching materials such asbooks, CDs, videos, posters, and flashcards). Elsewhere, however, <strong>the</strong> scheme <strong>of</strong> work forYears 5 and 6 was a Year 7 one rewritten for <strong>the</strong>se year groups, i.e. <strong>the</strong> Year 7 curriculumhas been moved down to KS2.Even where detailed lessons were available to primary teachers, difficulties could still ariseowing to <strong>the</strong> differing amounts <strong>of</strong> time for language teaching, even in schools within <strong>the</strong>same cluster. In one case, <strong>the</strong> primary teacher found difficulty adapting planning by anoutreach teacher based on 40 minute lessons, since children currently had sessions lastingbarely 20 minutes.The <strong>Key</strong> <strong>Stage</strong> 2 Framework had been piloted in some Pathfinder schools. Where opinionswere given on <strong>the</strong> Framework, some teachers were concerned that it would mean <strong>the</strong>disappearance <strong>of</strong> languages o<strong>the</strong>r than French. In one Pathfinder, <strong>the</strong>re was particularconcern expressed about <strong>the</strong> introduction <strong>of</strong> literacy and especially, writing skills.There were a number <strong>of</strong> instances where <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Framework could be seen. Inone observed lesson, (see below) a skilled secondary AST practised <strong>the</strong> on sound inFrench, both orally and with pupils playing with small syllable cards as a reading activity,which she declared:32
- Page 1 and 2: RESEARCHEvaluation of the Key Stage
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One example of assessment included
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trying to evaluate, prior to each u
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Case study: exemplar of a well deve
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In some Pathfinder schools effectiv
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‘Only a very small number (6/7) g
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• transfer of more sensitive info
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‘…I know the Year 7 teachers we
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3.4.5. Links to KS3 Framework/Natio
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situation was especially difficult
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3.5. Sustainability and Replicabili
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develop ‘effective and replicable
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3.5.4. Leadership and managementThe
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on one aspect of delivery. This was
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3.5.5. Staff and staff expertiseIn
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‘Usually it is impromptu: 10 or 1
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‘The reason why I have decided to
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c) there is obvious progression fro
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to be constrained. Methodologies ge
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Time spent on the project was gathe
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Estimating development costs of res
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There were significant differences
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on staff costs, with the impact on
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5. CONCLUSIONSOverall, this evaluat
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5.2. Teacher Competence• Primary
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o for training secondary teachers i
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ReferencesBell, E with Cox, K. (199
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Case Study 2Case study 2 is a compa
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channelled through this school. At
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Case Study 5This LA is a large auth
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Case Study 7Case study 7 is a joint
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