titlepage/contents pg 1-16 - British Parking Association

Formulating Parking Interventions 83On-street provision inresidential areasResidential parking is providedentirely on-street in many olderareas. An adaptation of thismethod can be successful in newresidential areas, provided thatthe on-street bays are welldesigned. “On-street” in thiscontext does not mean “oncarriageway”,but refers to theprovision of bays immediatelyadjacent to the carriageway, ordefined within shared-surfaceareas as, for example, in HomeZones. The issue of how to signparking in Home Zones withinCPZs remains unresolved.On-street parking bays cansupply the entire parkingdemand in some circumstances,or can supplement off-streetprovision. It is useful especiallyto accommodate that portion ofdemand that is variable duringthe day and over time. This willresult in a lower overall land-take(See Table 6.3). For example, anoff-street communal parking areamight provide 0.5 spaces perdwelling, while on-street baysmight provide a further 0.5spaces per dwelling.The advantages of on-streetprovision include:●●●Flexibility in meeting demandfrom both residents andvisitors;Elimination of the need forfootway crossovers;Passive surveillance fromboth residents and passersby;and● Lower land-take per parkingspace.Further advice on how to providesufficient on-street parking is setout in Better places to live (8).Communal versusdedicated parkingCommunal parking space makesmore efficient use of space thandoes parking dedicated toindividual dwellings. This isbecause car ownership ratesvary between households andover time, due to differentlifestyles, incomes, andTable 6.3 Residential parking with dedicated or communal provision of spaces,Spaces required Demand Demand Surplus Surplus Spacesif provision at 2 Year Year space space required ifdedicated spaces 1 3 Year Year communallyper dwelling (Example) (Example) 1 3 providedDwelling 1 2 2 2 0 0 -Dwelling 2 2 1 2 1 0 -Dwelling 3 2 2 1 0 1 -Dwelling 4 2 2 2 0 0 -Dwelling 5 2 0 1 2 1 -Dwelling 6 2 1 0 1 2 -Dwelling 7 2 1 1 1 1 -Dwelling 8 2 2 2 0 0 -Dwelling 9 2 3* 2 0* 0 -Dwelling 10 2 0 1 2 0 -Total 20 14 14 6 6 14(30%saving)* Demand cannot be met in dedicated space, but can be in communal spaceprogression through the lifecycle.If parking is dedicated, thespaces must be provided on thebasis of maximum likelydemand, for example two spacesper dwelling. With communalparking variations in householddemand means that loweroverall provision is required, asshown in the example in Table6.3.Landscaped spacesCar parking can be visuallyintrusive in the street scene.Typically the intrusiveness isgreater where:● The space occupied byparked vehicles is a highproportion of the total space;● The parking isaccommodated in front of thebuilding line (ie, in the frontgarden;● There is an absence ofmature trees or shrubs; and● On-street parking ishaphazard or unstructured.In new residential developmentsthese design issues can beaddressed. In existing residentialareas, intrusive parking can beavoided or ameliorated by theapplication of policies to:● Introduce landscaping,especially the provision ofstreet trees;● Create parking bays, definedby footway build-outs and