MODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and ...

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Session 3Introduction tostakeholder analysisStakeholder analysis is a technique you can use to identifyand assess the importance of key people, groups of people,and institutions that may influence the success of your activityor project.Stakeholder analysis should always be done at the beginningof a project, even if it involves simply making a quick list ofstakeholders and their interests. You can use this techniquealone or with your team members. However, a teamapproach is likely to be more effective than an individualdoing the analysis alone. The type and scale of the project,and the complexity of the issues, will determine how muchtime you should devote to this task.The stakeholdersSTAKEHOLDERS:are persons, groups orinstitutions with interests ina project or policy or whomay be directly orindirectly affected by theprocess or the outcome.KEY STAKEHOLDERS:are those who cansignificantly influence, orare important to the successof the project.Findings can provide early and essential information about:• Who will be affected• Who could influence the process or outcomes• Which individuals, groups or organisations need to beinvolved; and• Whose capacity needs to be enhanced to enable themto participate.Stakeholder analysis helps assess a project environment,and to determine how best to negotiate during discussionsabout the project. More specifically, doing a stakeholderanalysis can:• draw out the interests of stakeholders in relation to theproblems which the project is seeking to address (at theidentification stage) or the purpose of the project (once ithas started);• identify conflicts of interest between stakeholders, whichwill influence the assessment of a project’s riskiness;• help to identify relations between stakeholders which canbe built upon, and may enable “coalitions” of projectsponsorship, ownership and cooperation; and• help to assess the appropriate type of participation bydifferent stakeholders, at successive stages of the project.2MODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networks
Identifying thestakeholders andcreating a listStakeholders can be listed and categorized in various ways.However a simple list of those who have an interest in theissue is a good starting point. (See Exercise Sheet 2.1.)ExampleUsing the Health Centre Case Study, a brainstorming session washeld with fellow staff members and a representative from theprofessional association. Based on this discussion, a list ofstakeholders was developed. The checklist was used to ensurethat the list was comprehensive. The list of stakeholders includedthe following:Stakeholders:ClientsClients’ familiesLocal communityStaff – NursingStaff - OthersManagement of centreLocal politicianLocal mediaDepartment HeadUnionProfessional associationOther local health servicesOther health services in similar positionDepartment Chief NurseMinister of HealthLocal general medical practitionersExerciseUsing the Stakeholder List (Exercise Sheet 2.1) record the likelystakeholders in your project.Drawing outstakeholders’interests in relationto the projectThe list of stakeholders forms the basis for identifying theinterest each stakeholder has in the project, and the project’slikely impact on them. By going through the checklistprovided below, the interest each stakeholder has in theproject can be identified. The likely or actual impact of theproject on these interests should be assessed. (See ExerciseSheet 2.2)3MODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networks
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