Advanced Foundation, 1 and 2 - Royal Academy of Dance

SpecificationRAD Level 3 Certificate in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance:Advanced Foundation (Ballet)RAD Level 4 Certificate in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance:Advanced 1 (Ballet)RAD Level 4 Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance:Advanced 2 (Ballet)(Qualifications accredited in England, Wales and Northern Ireland)This Specification is published in September 2013 for examinations taken from 1 January 2015RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 1Valid from 01 January 2015

The Royal Academy of Dance (RAD) is an international teacher education and awardingorganisation for dance. It was established in 1920 as the Association of Operatic Dancing ofGreat Britain, granted a Royal Charter in 1936 and renamed the Royal Academy of Dancing.In 1999 it became the Royal Academy of Dance.Vision:Leading the world in dance education and training, the Royal Academy of Dance will berecognised internationally for the highest standards of teaching and learning. As theprofessional membership body for dance teachers it will inspire and empower dance teachersand students, members, and staff to make innovative, artistic and lasting contributions todance and dance education throughout the world.Mission:To promote and enhance knowledge, understanding and practice of dance internationally byeducating and training teachers and students and by providing examinations to rewardachievement, so preserving the rich, artistic and educational value of dance for futuregenerations.We will:• Communicate openly• Collaborate within and beyond the organisation• Act with integrity and professionalism• Deliver quality and excellence• Celebrate diversity and work inclusively• Act as advocates for danceExaminations DepartmentRoyal Academy of Dance36 Battersea SquareLondon SW11 3RA +44 (0)20 7326 8000 exams@rad.org.uk www.rad.org.uk/examinations© Royal Academy of Dance 2013ROYAL ACADEMY OF DANCE, RAD, RAD PRE-PRIMARY IN DANCE and RAD PRIMARY IN DANCE areregistered trademarks ® of the Royal Academy of Dance. RAD INTERMEDIATE FOUNDATION, RADINTERMEDIATE, RAD ADVANCED FOUNDATION, RAD ADVANCED 1, RAD ADVANCED 2, RAD CLASSAWARD, RAD SOLO PERFORMANCE AWARD, CBTS and KARSAVINA SYLLABUS are unregisteredtrademarks of the Royal Academy of Dance. The use or misuse of the trademarks or any other content of thispublication, without prior written permission from the Royal Academy of Dance, is strictly prohibited.The Royal Academy of Dance is incorporated in England as a Royal Charter corporation. It is registered as aCharity in England and Wales No. 312826.RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 2Valid from 01 January 2015

1 Objectives, aims, and philosophy1.1 Summary1.1.1 Advanced Foundation, 1 and 2 are the third, fourth and fifth in a suite of five levelsfrom Intermediate Foundation to Advanced 2, which comprise the RAD’s VocationalGraded syllabus provision in the performance of ballet. They are placed at Levels 3and 4 of the Qualifications and Credit Framework. An entry pathway to AdvancedFoundation is provided by the previous three Vocational Graded levels.1.1.2 Advanced Foundation, Advanced 1 and Advanced 2 are offered as Examinations.1.2 Objectives1.2.1 The knowledge and skills gained through successful completion of thesequalifications provide a basis for progression to further personal development andlifelong learning opportunities, including the RAD’s prestigious Solo Seal Award. Thequalifications are marks of achievement at an advanced level and are recognised assuch by many employers.1.2.2 Graded and Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance provide the basis of coursesof study which lead to recognised achievement in dance performance. The higherlevels of these qualifications (starting at Intermediate) are accepted as benchmarks ofachievement by Vocational Schools which are attended by the majority of youngdancers intending to enter the profession. They are also taken into account byuniversities and other HE institutions offering degree courses and programmes indance and dance teacher education (such as the RAD itself). Such qualifications alsofacilitate or aid progression to workplace opportunities such as: professional dancer,professional dance teacher, professional choreographer, professional dance notator,professional dance historian, lecturer in dance, and facilitator in community dance.1.2.3 Achievement in dance contributes to a learner’s all-round achievement, as it helps todevelop competencies such as motor control, health and safety awareness,self-expression, physical fitness and stamina, discipline, mental ability andconfidence.1.3 Aims1.3.1 The aims of the Vocational Graded Syllabus qualifications are to:provide a means of measuring the acquisition of technical, musical andperformance skills in balletprovide candidates with a sound ballet base in preparation for further trainingand/or a career in dance or dance related subjectsprovide a progressive measure of attainment in ballet against specific criteriaprovide candidates with a series of clearly defined goals, which reflect theprinciples of safe dance practiceprovide candidates with an opportunity to gain internationally recognisedqualifications in ballet to an advanced level.1.3.2 A course of study based on these qualifications aims to provide students with anincreasing ability to demonstrate in-depth knowledge and practical skills in ballet.RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 4Valid from 01 January 2015

1.4 Fitness for purpose1.4.1 A qualification will only be fit for purpose if that qualification, as far as possible,secures the requirements of: validity reliability comparability manageability minimising bias1.4.2 The RAD aims to secure these requirements by the following means: appointing Examiners who are subject experts, and who demonstrate theirsuitability for the role of assessor via the outcomes of a rigorous and extensivetraining programme monitoring the work of Examiners by holding annual training seminars,organising periodic moderation exercises, organising standardisation visits, andproducing an Annual Review for each Examiner carrying out reviews of syllabus content and marking methodologies which leadthe way in defining best practice in dance assessment carrying out quality assurance checks on results, including statistical analysis ofmarks and adjustment where appropriate having policies and procedures related to diversity and equality which seek tomaximise access to examination, identify and mitigate barriers, and ensure thatall candidates are assessed in the same way regardless of their personalcharacteristics setting out clearly how Reasonable Adjustments and Special Consideration maybe applied in relation to examinations identifying conflicts of interest and setting out how these are managed.The full policies and procedures related to the above matters are available onrequest.1.5 Required knowledge, skills and understanding1.5.1 In order to enter for Advanced Foundation or Advanced 1, candidates need to havepassed an Intermediate level Vocational Graded Examination in ballet from the RADor any other recognised Awarding Body.1.5.2 In order to enter for Advanced 2, candidates need to have passed an Advanced 1level Vocational Graded Examination in ballet from the RAD or any other recognisedAwarding Body. Please consult Examinations Information, Rules and Regulations formore information.1.6 Further information1.6.1 Further information about policies and procedures related to RAD Examinations, rulesand regulations, and information about recognition and accreditation, may be found inthe document Examinations Information, Rules and Regulations, available on requestfrom the RAD Examinations Department and on the RAD website.RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 5Valid from 01 January 2015

2 Learning outcomes and assessmentcriteria2.1 The learning outcomes and assessment criteria set out in 2.2 – 2.4 below are takenfrom the units against which the qualifications are mapped on the Qualifications andCredit Framework (QCF) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. For moreinformation, see Examinations Information, Rules and Regulations, Section 2.Learning outcomes describe what a learner should know, understand or be able to doon completion of a learning process, defined in terms of knowledge, skills andcompetence.Assessment criteria specify the standard a learner is expected to meet in order todemonstrate that the learning outcomes have been achieved.2.2 Advanced FoundationLearning outcomesThe learner will: apply and demonstrate throughperformance a sound andestablished knowledge andunderstanding of the fundamentaland relevant technique andvocabulary of ballet perform a range of complexmovement sequences showingsound and secure technical skills inballet perform a range of complexmovement sequences showing anunderstanding of musicality in ballet apply and demonstrate a range ofperformance skills with assurance inballetAssessment criteriaThe learner can: apply and demonstrate a sound, establishedand detailed knowledge and understanding ofthe mechanics and purpose of the requiredvocabulary respond to and interpret direction in a matureand considered way demonstrate technical skills in a confidentmanner showing appropriate physicalawareness, strength and stamina demonstrate a disciplined, mature andconsidered approach in a range of technicalskills including: spatial awareness, control,co-ordination demonstrate a sound, secure and establishedunderstanding of a more complex range ofrhythmical sounds, accents and timings demonstrate a sound, secure and establishedunderstanding of musical interpretation withinmore complex sequences including: phrasing,dynamics, atmosphere demonstrate the ability to engage with anaudience in a mature and appropriate way demonstrate an established awareness of thesubtleties of performance including:expression, communication, projectionRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 6Valid from 01 January 2015

2.3 Advanced 1Learning outcomesThe learner will: apply and demonstrate throughperformance a thorough knowledgeand understanding of thefundamental and relevant techniqueand vocabulary of ballet perform a range of complex andphysically demanding movementsequences showing highlydeveloped technical skills in ballet perform a range of complexmovement sequences showing ahighly developed understanding ofmusicality in ballet apply and demonstrate a mature andappropriate range of performanceskills with assurance in balletAssessment criteriaThe learner can: apply and demonstrate a thorough knowledgeand understanding of the mechanics andpurpose of the required vocabulary demonstrate a mature and professionalapproach in responding to and interpretingdirection demonstrate advanced technical skillsshowing appropriate physical awareness,strength and stamina demonstrate a disciplined, mature andprofessional approach in a range of advancedtechnical skills including: spatial awareness,control, co-ordination demonstrate a highly developedunderstanding of a more complex range ofrhythmical sounds, accents and timings demonstrate a highly developedunderstanding of musical interpretation withinmore complex sequences including: phrasing,dynamics, atmosphere demonstrate the ability to engage with anaudience in a mature, appropriate andprofessional way demonstrate an appreciation andunderstanding of the subtleties of performanceincluding: expression, communication,projection2.4 Advanced 2Learning outcomesThe learner will: apply and demonstrate throughperformance a thorough knowledgeand understanding of thefundamental and relevant techniqueand vocabulary of ballet perform a range of complex andphysically demanding movementsequences showing highlydeveloped technical skills in balletAssessment criteriaThe learner can: apply and demonstrate a thorough anddetailed knowledge and understanding of themechanics and purpose of the requiredvocabulary demonstrate a mature, professional andassured approach in responding to andinterpreting direction demonstrate high level technical skills showingappropriate physical awareness, strength andstamina demonstrate a disciplined, mature, confidentand professional approach in a range of highlevel technical skills including: spatialawareness, control, co-ordinationRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 7Valid from 01 January 2015

perform a range of complexmovement sequences showing ahighly developed understanding ofmusicality in ballet apply and demonstrate a mature andappropriate range of performanceskills with assurance in ballet demonstrate a highly developed and matureunderstanding of a more complex range ofrhythmical sounds, accents and timings demonstrate a highly developed and matureunderstanding of musical interpretation withinmore complex sequences including: phrasing,dynamics, atmosphere demonstrate the ability to engage with anaudience in a mature, appropriate, assuredand professional way demonstrate a well-developed appreciationand understanding of the subtleties ofperformance including: expression,communication, projection2.5 A candidate who has successfully completed a course of study based on AdvancedFoundation, 1 and 2 will be able to:TechniqueMusicdemonstrate a high level of technical proficiency achieved through advancedstudydemonstrate with ease complex exercises, which demand varying combinationsof advanced vocabularyperform with a high level of control showing a refinement of lineperform with a high level of competency in the body, moving through space andwithin spaceperform a breadth of vocabulary enhanced by the appropriate dynamic valuesfemale candidates only: perform a range of movements en pointe with fluidity andcontrolmale candidates only: perform a range of movements with control, eloquence,vitality and power in Allegro and turning sequences (enchaînements)demonstrate acute sensitivity to the rhythmical structures, melody, texture anddynamic expression of the musicPerformancedemonstrate a high level of understanding of interpretation and expressioncolouring the performancedemonstrate an assured and confident performance with a high level ofengagement2.6 In the course of these qualifications, candidates are expected to demonstrate anincreasingly expansive range of vocabulary as defined by the syllabus content. Anunderstanding of technique is reflected in the ability to co-ordinate complexmovements to produce combinations of steps, and quality of movement (i.e. precisionand control), within the range of candidates’ physical capacity.2.7 Candidates communicate an increasingly mature and accomplished sense ofperformance. They are able to interpret music and display an increasinglysophisticated response to musical content and style. Candidates' performances showspatial awareness and sensitive response to an audience.RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 8Valid from 01 January 2015

3 Syllabus content3.1 General3.1.1 Candidates will be examined through the performance of the prescribed examinationcontent. Candidates should prepare all the set exercises and one Variation (Variation1 or Variation 2). Candidates are expected to acquire and retain knowledge of thevocabulary listed.3.1.2 Candidates are normally seen in groups of four; however smaller groups of betweenone and three may be scheduled depending on the total number of candidatesentered. Candidates should be prepared to dance solo and in combination of groups,as indicated.3.1.3 For Advanced Foundation, male and female candidates are examined together. ForAdvanced 1 and 2, there are separate syllabi and examinations for male and femalecandidates.3.1.4 Detailed descriptions of the set exercises, variations or dance studies required foreach examination are published in the relevant Set Exercises and Variations book,formerly known as the Syllabus (see Section 6 below - Resources) which may bepurchased from RAD Enterprises Ltd, through mail order, personal shopping or fromits website: www.radenterprises.co.uk3.1.5 For more information about preparation, requirements and procedure, seeExaminations Information, Rules and Regulations, Sections 4 and 5.3.2 Advanced Foundation: VocabularyIn addition to the vocabulary listed for Intermediate Foundation and Intermediate,candidates are expected to have knowledge of the following:FemaleArabesquesAssemblésAttitudeBallonnésBrisésEmboitéEntrechatsFailliFonduGlissadesJetésPas de bourrées2nd arabesque en fonduAssemblés en avant and en arrièreAssemblés de côté dessus and dessousAttitude derrière en ouvertBallonnés composés en avant, en arrière and de côtéBallonnés simples en avant, en arrière, de côté and à la secondeBrisé dessousEmboité en pointeEntrechats trois devant and derrièreEntrechats cinq devant and derrièreFailliBattement fondu en demi-pointeGlissades en avant and en arrièreGrand jeté en tournantJeté ordinaire derrière de côtéPas de bourrée en avant and en arrièrePas de bourrée dessus and dessous en tournantPas de bourrées pique dessous en tournant en pointeRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 9Valid from 01 January 2015

Petits battementsPiquésPort de brasPirouettesPivotsPosésRelevésRonds de jambeRotationSissonnesSoutenuTemps de cuissePetits battements serrésFemale (cont.)Battements piqués en croixGrands battements piquésCircular port de bras towards barrePort de bras with forward and back bend in 4th en fonduEn dehors: doubles finished in 4th position en fonduEn dehors: singles en pointe closing in 5th positionEn dehors: singles with posés en demi‐pointeEn dedans: doubles with fouettéEn dedans: singles en pointe without fouettéEn dedans: singles with posés en pointePivots en dedans in attitudePosés en avant and en arrière en pointePosés en avant with développé passé devant en pointePosés en avant in arabesque and en arrière in attitudePosés en avant in arabesque andattitude en pointePosés en arrière to retirés devant en pointeRelevés 1 to 1 en pointeRelevés in attitude devant en pointeRelevés with développé to 2nd en pointeRonds de jambe jetés en dehors and en dedansRotation en l’airSissonnes doublées dessus, dessous, en avant and en arrièrePetits soutenus en tournant en demi‐pointe and en pointeSoutenus en tournant en dehors en pointePosé assemblé soutenu en tournant en dedans en pointeFrench temps de cuisse dessus and dessousArabesquesAssemblésAttitudeBallonnésBrisésCoupéEntrechatsFailliFonduGlissadesJetésMale2nd arabesque en fonduAssemblés en avant and en arrièreAssemblés de côté dessus and dessousAttitude derrière en ouvertBallonnés composés en avant, en arrière and de côtéBallonnés simples en avant, en arrière, de côté and à la secondeBrisé dessousCoupé dessous en tournant chassé en avantEntrechats trois devant and derrièreEntrechats cinq devant and derrièreFailliBattement fondu en demi-pointeGlissades en avant and en arrièreGrand jeté en tournantJeté ordinaire derrière de côtéRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 10Valid from 01 January 2015

3.5 Advanced Foundation (male/female): Examination Content (format)Candidates should prepare all the examination content listedBARREContentPliésBattements tendusBattements glissés and battements jetésRonds de jambe à terreBattements fondus and ronds de jambe en l'airBattements frappés and petits battement serrésAdageGrands battements and grands battements enclocheCENTREPort de brasCentre Practice and pirouettesPirouette enchaînementAdageAllegro 1Allegro 2Free enchaînementAllegro 3Allegro 4POINTE WORK: BARRE (female)RisesRelevés and posésALLEGRO (male)Allegro 5Allegro 6POINTE WORK: CENTRE (female)Echappés relevés and emboîtésCourus and posesPirouettesVARIATIONVariation 1 or 2RÉVÉRENCERévérenceFormat with four candidatesAll together (all exercises)In pairsIn pairsSoloIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsAll together (all exercises)In pairsSoloIn pairsIn pairsSoloSolo (males perform first)All togetherRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 14Valid from 01 January 2015

BallonnéssimplesBallottésBrisésChaînésCoupéFouettésJetésPas de bourréesPirouettesPivotRonds de jambeSaut de basqueSissonnesTemps de cuisseMaleBallonnés simples en avant anden arrièreBallonné simple de côtéBallottés sautés dessous and dessusCoupés brisés devant and derrièreBrisés dessous and dessusChaîné en diagonaleCoupé dessous en tournantCoupé fouetté raccourci battuFouetté sauté and fouetté sauté en tournantJeté battement en arrièreJeté battu derrièrePas de bourrée courus en avant and en arrièreEn dehors: doubles finishing in attitude and arabesque, 2nd positionen l'airEn dehors: triples finishing in 4th position en fonduEn dehors: multiple pirouettes finishing in 4th position en fonduEn dehors: grands pirouettes in 2nd position with petits sautésEn dehors: singles in 2nd positionEn dedans: triples finishing in 5th positionPivot en dehors in attitudeGrands ronds de jambe en dehors and en dedansSaut de basqueSissonne fermée battue dessusSissonne ordinaire devant en tournantSissonnes ouvertes en avant and en arrière into arabesque andattitudeSissonnes ouvertes changées en avant and en arrière into arabesqueand attitudeSissonnes doublées with développé dessus and dessousSissonnes ouvertes changées en arrièreFrench temps de cuisse dessousFrench temps de cuisse en avant and en arrièreRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 16Valid from 01 January 2015

3.7 Advanced 1 (female): Examination content (format)Candidates should prepare all the examination content listedBARREContentPliésBattements tendusBattements glissés and battements jetésRonds de jambe à terreBattements fondus and ronds de jambe en l'airBattements frappés and petits battementsAdageGrands battements and grands battements en clocheCENTREPort de brasCentre Practice and pirouettesPirouette enchaînementAdageAllegro 1Allegro 2Allegro 3Allegro 4Allegro 5POINTE WORKBarreRisesPosés and fouettésCentrePointe enchaînement 1Pointe enchaînement 2Pointe enchaînement 3VARIATIONVariation 1 or 2RÉVÉRENCERévérenceFormat with four candidatesAll together (all exercises)In pairsIn pairsSoloIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsSoloSoloAll togetherAll togetherAll togetherIn pairsIn pairsSoloSoloAll togetherRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 17Valid from 01 January 2015

3.8 Advanced 1 (male): Examination content (format)Candidates should prepare all the examination content listed, a selection of which willbe seen in the examinationFormat with fourContentcandidatesBARREPliésBattements tendus with petits retirésBattements tendus with use of alternate legsBattements glissésBattements jetésRonds de jambe à terreBattements fondusBattements frappésBattements frappés fouettésRonds de jambe en l'airPetits battementsFouettés and rotationsBattements lentsGrands battementsGrands battements en clocheCENTREPort de brasPort de brasCentre PracticeTemps lié en avantTemps lié en arrièrePliésBattements tendus with battements glissés andbattements jetésBattements tendus with pirouettesRonds de jambe à terre with pirouettesBattements fondusGrands battementsPirouettesTriple pirouettes en dehors and en dedansPirouettes finishing in attitude and arabesquePirouette enchaînementPirouettes in 2nd positionChaînésAdageGrands ronds de jambePivotsAdage studyAllegro APetits sautésJetés battementsBallonnés composésBallonnés simplesBallottés sautésSissonnes doublées (A and B)Entrechats trois and cinqBrisésAll together (all exercises)In pairsAll togetherAll togetherIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsAll togetherIn pairsSoloSoloSoloSolo continuouslyIn pairsIn pairsSoloAll togetherIn pairs continuouslyIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 18Valid from 01 January 2015

Jetés battus and coupés brisésFree medium enchaînementAllegro BTours en l'air en diagonaleEnchaînement en diagonaleSauts de basqueFree grand allegro enchaînementGrand allegro enchaînementRÉVÉRENCERévérenceIn pairsIn pairsSoloSolo continuouslySoloIn pairsSoloAll together3.9 Advanced 2: VocabularyIn addition to the vocabulary listed for Intermediate Foundation, Intermediate, AdvancedFoundation and Advanced 1, candidates are expected to have knowledge of the following:AssemblésBallottésBrisésCabriolesChangementsEntrechatsFouettésGargouilladeGrand battementJetésPas de basquePirouettesRenversésSaut de basqueSissonnesFemaleAssemblé dessus en tournantPetit assemblé devant and derrière en pointeBallottés dessous and dessus en pointeBrisés volés devant and derrièreCabrioles ouvertes devant and derrièreChangements en pointeEntrechat sixEntrechat six de volées de côtéFouettés relevés en pointeGrands fouettés relevés en tournant en pointeFouetté sauté battu en tournantFouetté rond de jambe en tournant en pointeGargouilladeGrand battement enveloppéJeté élancé en tournantCoupé jeté en tournantGrand jeté en avant with développéGrand jeté en avant en tournant in attitudePetit pas de basque en manège en pointeEn dehors: doubles en demi-pointe in attitudeEn dedans: singles in 1st arabesque and double in attitudeEn dehors: double finishing in 2nd arabesque en fonduEn dehors and en dedans: triples en demi-pointeRenversés en dehors with relevé en pointeSaut de basqueSissonnes doublées battues with développé dessousSissonnes ouvertes changées en tournant in attitudeSissonne ordinaire devant and derrière en pointeRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 19Valid from 01 January 2015

Temps de flêcheTemps de flecheFemale (cont.)ArabesqueAssemblésBrisésCabriolesEchappésEntrechatsFouettésJetésPas de basquePas de bourréePirouettesArabesque penchéeMaleDouble assemblé dessus en tournantBrisés en avant and en arrière 2 feet to 2 feet, 2 feet to 1 foot, 1 foot to1 foot, 1 foot to 2 feetBrisés dessous and dessus 1 foot to 1 foot, 1 foot to 2 feetBrisé derrière en tournant 1 foot to 1 footBrisé dessus en tournant 1 foot to 1 footBrisés devant and derrière 2 feet to 2 feet, 2 feet to 1 foot, 1 foot to 1foot, 1 foot to 2 feetBrisés volés devant and derrièreCabrioles fermées devant (single and double) derrière and de côtéCabrioles ouvertes devant (single and double) derrière and de côtéEchappés sautés ouverts and fermés with beat of entrechat sixEntrechat sixEntrechat six de volées de côtéCoupé fouetté raccourci battus en tournantFouetté relevé en tournantFouetté sauté battu and fouetté sauté battu en tournantGrand fouetté relevé en tournantGrand fouetté sauté battu en tournantPetits jetés battus devant and derrièreJeté battu devantJetés élancés en tournant, en diagonale and en manègeGrand jeté battu en tournantGrand jeté en avant en tournant in attitudeGrand jeté en avant with développéJetés passés derrière in attitude and arabesqueJetés ronds de jambe sautés en dehors and en dedansPas de basque battus en avant and en arrièreGrands pas de basque en tournantPas de bourrée piqués dessous en tournantEn dehors: triple pirouettes finishing in open positionsEn dehors: double pirouettes in 2nd positionEn dehors: single and double pirouettes in arabesqueEn dehors: double pirouettes in attitudeEn dehors: grandes pirouettes to include turns in 2nd position andattitudeEn dedans: triple pirouettes finishing in open positionsEn dedans: double pirouettes in 2nd positionEn dedans: single and double pirouettes in arabesqueEn dedans: double pirouette in attitudeEn dedans: posé pirouette into any open positionRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 20Valid from 01 January 2015

MaleRelevéRenversésRetiréRotationsSaut de basqueSissonnesTemps de cuisseTemps de flêcheTemps depoissonRelevé développéRenversés en dehors relevés and sautésRetiré sauté passéRotation en l'airRotation with relevéDouble saut de basqueSissonnes développées en avant, en arrière, passées devant, passéesderrière and de côtéSissonnes doublées battues dessous, dessus, en avant and en arrièreSissonnes doublées with développé and développé passé en avantand en arrièreSissonnes fermées battues dessous, devant, derrière, en avant and enarrièreSissonnes fermées changées battues en avant, en arrière and entournantSissonnes ordinaires en tournant (single and double) devant, derrière,passées devant and passées derrière, en dehors and en dedansSissonnes ouvertes battues devant, derrière, en avant and en arrièreSissonnes ouvertes changéesen tournant in attitude and arabesqueSissonnes ouvertes changées battues en avant and en arrièreItalian temps de cuisse dessous and dessusTemps de flecheTemps de poissonRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 21Valid from 01 January 2015

3.10 Advanced 2 (female): Examination content (format)Candidates should prepare all the examination content listedBARREContentPliésBattements tendusBattements glissés and battements piquésRonds de jambe à terreBattements fondus and ronds de jambe en l'airPetit battements and battements frappésAdageGrands battements and grands battements enclocheCENTREPort de brasCentre Practice and pirouettesPirouette enchaînementAdageAllegro 1Allegro 2Allegro 3Allegro 4POINTE WORKBarreRises and relevésBallottés and posésCentrePointe enchaînement 1Pointe enchaînement 2Pointe enchaînement 3Pointe enchaînement 4Pointe enchaînement 5VARIATIONVariation 1 or 2RÉVÉRENCERévérenceFormat with four candidatesAll together (all exercises)In pairsIn pairsSoloIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsSoloSoloAll togetherAll togetherIn pairsSoloSoloSoloSoloSoloAll together3.11 Advanced 2 (male): Examination content (format)RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 22Valid from 01 January 2015

Candidates should prepare all the examination content listed, a selection of which willbe seen in the examinationBARREContentPliésBattements tendus with transfer of weightBattements tendus with rises and petits retirés passésBattements glissés with battements piquésBattements jetésRonds de jambe à terre with développés passésBattements fondusBattements frappés - doubles with flic flac en tournantRonds de jambe en l'airPetits battements and battements frappés fouettésDéveloppés and tombésGrands ronds de jambeGrands battements with grands battements développésGrands battements en clocheCENTREPorts de Bras1st Port de bras2nd Port de brasCentre PracticeBattements tendus with battements glissés andbattements jetésRonds de jambe à terre with pirouettesBattements fondus and ronds de jambe en l'air (A andB)Grands battementsPirouettesPirouettes en dehors in arabesque and à la secondePirouette enchaînementGrands pirouettesAdage1st Adage2nd AdageAllegro AChangementsRonds de jambe sautésSissonnes développées passéesAllegro enchaînementAllegro BFree batterie enchaînementSissonnes battues and brisés volésPetits brisés en tournantEchappés sautés battus with tours en l'airEnchaînement en diagonaleEntrechats six and entrechats six de volées de côtéFree grand allegro enchaînementVariationRÉVÉRENCERévérenceFormat with four candidatesAll together (all exercises)In pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsSoloSoloIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsSoloIn pairsIn pairsIn pairsSoloSoloSolo continuouslySoloSoloAll togetherRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 23Valid from 01 January 2015

4 How marks are awarded4.1 Overview of the markscheme4.1.1 The learning outcomes and assessment criteria detailed in Section 2 above aredifferentiated across the examination via three interrelated domains of assessment -Technique, Music and Performance.4.1.2 These domains of assessment are assessed via a markscheme which comprises tencomponent marks, which are applied as appropriate to the various requirements ofthe examination. Some are applied to one particular section of the exam, while othersare generic to more than one section, as indicated in the tables below.4.1.3 The component marks are defined by the assessment of a number of interrelatedtechnical elements which contribute to the skill and ability of the dancer,i.e. co-ordination, control, line, spatial awareness, and dynamic values. All theseelements require a sound classical technique incorporating correct posture, weightplacement and use of turnout. Definitions of the terms used are given in Section 4.8below.4.1.4 In the examination, the Examiner awards a mark of between 0 and 10 for eachcomponent mark. A mark of 1 or higher signifies the standard attained by thecandidate with respect to that component. A mark of 0 signifies that no work wasshown for the section of the exam relating to that component. The table in section 4.8below explains the standard which the candidate needs to demonstrate, in relation tothe elements contained within each component, in order to achieve these marks.4.1.5 In the examination, candidates will be assessed on their ability to: perform a series of prepared ballet exercises which require the ability todemonstrate correct posture and weight placement, co-ordination of the wholebody, control, line, spatial awareness, dynamic values, and (for femalecandidates), the ability to successfully perform movements en pointe dance, throughout the examination, in time to the music and show responsivenessto the music dance, throughout the examination, with expression, interpretation, communicationand projection (for Advanced Foundation only) perform one unprepared enchaînement inaccordance with the Examiner’s instructions, demonstrating a secure knowledge ofthe required vocabulary and all the above aspects of Technique, Music andPerformance perform one Variation which requires all the above aspects of Technique, Musicand Performance.RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 24Valid from 01 January 2015

4.2 Advanced Foundation: MarkschemeExamination contentEXERCISES1. Technique 1: BarreCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControlLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values2. Technique 2: Port de bras, Centre Practice and PirouettesCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl3. Technique 3: AdageCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl4. Technique 4: Allegro 1, 2, 3 and 4Correct posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl5. Technique 5: Free enchaînementCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl6. Technique 6: Allegro 5 and 6 (male) / Pointe (female)Correct posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl7. MusicTimingResponsiveness to music8. Performance Expression CommunicationVARIATION9. TechniqueCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl10. Music and PerformanceTimingResponsiveness to musicExpressionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values Interpretation ProjectionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesCommunicationInterpretationProjectionComponentmarks10101010101010101010TOTAL 100RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 25Valid from 01 January 2015

4.3 Advanced 1 (Female): MarkschemeExamination contentEXERCISES1. Technique 1: BarreCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControlLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values2. Technique 2: Port de bras, Centre Practice and PirouettesCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl3. Technique 3: AdageCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl4. Technique 4: Allegro 1, 2, and 3Correct posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl5. Technique 5: Allegro 4 and 5Correct posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl6. Technique 6: PointeCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl7. MusicTimingResponsiveness to music8. PerformanceExpressionCommunicationVARIATION9. TechniqueCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl10. Music and PerformanceTimingResponsiveness to musicExpressionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values Interpretation ProjectionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesCommunicationInterpretationProjectionMaxmarkPassmark10 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 4TOTAL 100RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 26Valid from 01 January 2015

4.4 Advanced 1 (Male): MarkschemeExamination contentEXERCISES1. Technique 1: BarreCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControlLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values2. Technique 2: Port de bras, Centre Practice and PirouettesCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl3. Technique 3: AdageCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl4. Technique 4: Allegro ACorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl5. Technique 5: Allegro BCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl6. Technique 6: Free enchaînementsCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl7. MusicTimingResponsiveness to music8. Performance Expression CommunicationGRAND ALLEGRO ENCHAÎNEMENT9. TechniqueCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl10. Music and PerformanceTimingResponsiveness to musicExpressionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values Interpretation ProjectionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesCommunicationInterpretationProjectionMaxmarkPassmark10 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 4TOTAL 100RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 27Valid from 01 January 2015

4.5 Advanced 2 (Female): MarkschemeExamination contentEXERCISES1. Technique 1: BarreCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControlLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values2. Technique 2: Port de bras, Centre Practice and PirouettesCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl3. Technique 3: AdageCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl4. Technique 4: Allegro 1, 2, 3 and 4Correct posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControlLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values5. Technique 5: Pointe barre and pointe enchaînements 1 and 2Correct posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl6. Technique 6: Pointe enchaînements 3, 4 and 5Correct posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl7. MusicTimingResponsiveness to music8. Performance Expression CommunicationVARIATION9. TechniqueCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl10. Music and PerformanceTimingResponsiveness to musicExpressionLineSpatial AwarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial AwarenessDynamic values Interpretation ProjectionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesCommunicationInterpretationProjectionMaxmarkPassmark10 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 4TOTAL 100RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 28Valid from 01 January 2015

4.6 Advanced 2 (Male): MarkschemeExamination contentEXERCISES1. Technique 1: BarreCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControlLineSpatial awarenessDynamic values2. Technique 2: Port de bras, Centre Practice and PirouettesCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl3. Technique 3: AdageCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl4. Technique 4: Allegro ACorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl5. Technique 5: Allegro BCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl6. Technique 6: Free enchaînementsCorrect posture and weight placementCo-ordinationControl7. MusicTimingResponsiveness to music8. Performance Expression CommunicationVARIATION9. Technique Correct posture and weight placement Co-ordination Control10. Music and Performance Timing Responsiveness to music ExpressionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesInterpretationProjectionLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesCommunicationInterpretationProjectionMaxmarkPassmark10 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 410 4TOTAL 100RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 29Valid from 01 January 2015

4.7 Definitions of terms used in the markscheme4.7.1 TechniqueExplanations of the elements that are assessed for Technique are given below:TermCorrect postureand weightplacementCo-ordination ofthe whole bodyControlLineSpatial awarenessDynamic valuesDefinitionSecure use of torso (refer to page 8 The Foundations of Classical BalletTechnique)The body weight centred over one or two legs or transferring with easefrom one to two legs and two to one leg sur place or in travellingmovementsThe harmonious relationship of torso, limbs, head and eye focus inmovementSustained and balanced movements, achieved through strength andcorrect use of turnoutThe ability to demonstrate a range of harmonious lines through thewhole bodyEffective use of peripheral space and performance space, also the abilityto move through spaceThe ability to perform the range of movement dynamics appropriate toeach step, achieved through the co-ordinated use of feet, legs and arms4.7.2 MusicExplanations of the elements that are assessed for Music are given below:TermTimingResponsivenessto musicDefinitionThe steps performed in time with the music, i.e. on the correct beatThe ability to respond to phrasing (musical punctuation), dynamics(volume and musical highlights), atmosphere (the style and mood of themusic) and the varying accents and ‘shape’ of different time signaturesand dance rhythms4.7.3 PerformanceExplanations of the elements that are assessed for Performance are given below:TermExpressionInterpretationCommunicationProjectionDefinitionExpression reflected in face, body and dynamics of the movementDancing with understanding and intelligent response to what one isdancing about, i.e. the motivation for the movementAppropriate engagement with the audienceThe ability to project expression, feelings and emotions to an audienceRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 30Valid from 01 January 2015

4.8 Attainment descriptors4.8.1 The descriptors below are used generically for Technique, Music and Performance:MarkDescriptor0 No work was shown1The candidate showed an extremely limited ability to achieve the elementsassessed2 The candidate showed a very limited ability to achieve the elements assessed3 The candidate showed a limited ability to achieve the elements assessed4 The candidate showed an adequate ability to achieve the elements assessed5 The candidate showed a fair ability to achieve the elements assessed6 The candidate showed a fairly good ability to achieve the elements assessed7 The candidate showed a good ability to achieve the elements assessed8 The candidate showed a very good ability to achieve the elements assessed9 The candidate showed an excellent ability to achieve the elements assessed10 The candidate showed an exceptional ability to achieve the elements assessedRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 31Valid from 01 January 2015

5 Awarding and reporting5.1 Marks and attainment bands5.1.1 Candidates receive both a final mark (expressed as a percentage) and an attainmentband. There are three attainment bands: Pass, Pass with Merit, and Pass withDistinction. Candidates who do not achieve the standard required for a Pass willreceive the result of Standard Not Attained.Each classification covers a band of marks, as follows:Result classificationTotal marksStandard not attained 0 – 39Pass 40 – 54Pass with Merit 55 – 74Pass with Distinction 75 – 1005.1.2 Candidates must reach the minimum pass mark in the required sections, as shown inthe table below, in order to achieve an overall pass. Candidates who do not pass ineach of the required sections will receive a Standard Not Attained classification, evenif their total mark is 40% or higher.LevelAdvanced 1FemaleAdvanced 2FemaleRequired SectionsMinimumPass markBarre 4Port de bras, Centre Practice and Pirouettes 4Adage 4Allegro 1, 2 and 3 4Allegro 4 and 5 4Pointe 4Music 4Performance 4Variation : Technique 4Variation : Music and performance 4Barre; Adage; Allegro 4Port de bras, Centre Practice and Pirouettes 4Adage 4Allegro 1, 2, 3 and 4 4Pointe barre and pointe enchaînements 1 and 2 4Pointe enchaînements 3, 4 and 5 4Music 4Performance 4Variation: Technique 4Variation: Music and performance 4RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 32Valid from 01 January 2015

LevelAdvanced 1 & 2MaleMinimumRequired SectionsPass markBarre 4Port de bras, Centre Practice and Pirouettes 4Adage 4Allegro A 4Allegro B 4Free enchaînements 4Music 4Performance 4Grand allegro enchaînement/Variation: Technique 4Grand allegro enchaînement/Variation: Music andperformance45.2 Results and Certificates5.2.1 All candidates who enter for an Examination will receive a Result Form. In addition,candidates who achieve a Pass, Pass with Merit or Pass with Distinction will receive aCertificate, specifying the Grade, attainment band, and other qualification information.5.2.2 Successful candidates at Advanced Foundation are eligible to become AffiliateMembers of the Royal Academy of Dance. Successful candidates at Advanced 1 & 2are eligible to become Full Members of the Royal Academy of Dance.5.2.3 Candidates who pass Advanced 1 with Distinction are eligible to enter the PhyllisBedells Bursary, subject to additional requirements. For more information please visitwww.rad.org.uk/training5.2.4 Candidates who pass Advanced 2 with Distinction are eligible to enter the GenéeInternational Ballet Competition, subject to additional requirements. For moreinformation please visit www.rad.org.uk/geneeRAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 33Valid from 01 January 2015

6 Resources6.1 Word notes / Benesh notationCode100ADVF100ADV1100MIS100ADV2100MASDescriptionVocational Graded Examinations in Dance: Advanced Foundation: SetExercises and Variations (Male/Female)Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance: Advanced 1: Set Exercisesand Variations (Female)Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance: Advanced 1: Set Exercises(Male)Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance: Advanced 2: Set Exercisesand Variations (Female)Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance: Advanced 2: Set Exercisesand Dance Studies (Male)6.2 Music6.2.1 Advanced Foundation (Male/Female), Advanced 1 and 2 (Female): the exercises willbe danced to the official piano music, performed ‘live’; the Variations are danced torecorded music. Advanced 1 and 2 (Male): the full examination content will be dancedto the official piano music.6.2.2 Sheet music and CDs may be purchased from RAD Enterprises Ltd, through mailorder, personal shopping or from the website www.radenterprises.co.uk6.2.3 At RAD Approved Venues, the RAD will make appropriate arrangements for theperformance of both live and recorded music. Arrangements at ApprovedExamination Centres are the responsibility of the teacher. Please see ExaminationInformation, Rules and Regulations, Section 4.7, for more information.6.2.3 Music resources available are as follows:Code200ADVF200ADV1200MIM200ADV2200MAM300ADVF300ADV1300MICD300ADV2300MACDDescriptionPrinted music book: Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance:Advanced Foundation: Music for Set Exercises and Variations(Male/Female)Printed music book: Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance:Advanced 1: Music for Set Exercises and Variations (Female)Printed music book: Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance:Advanced 1: Music for Set Exercises (Male)Printed music book: Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance:Advanced 2: Music for Set Exercises and Variations (Female)Printed music book: Vocational Graded Examinations in Dance:Advanced 2: Music for Set Exercises and Dance Studies (Male)CD: Advanced Foundation: Music for Set Exercises and Variations(Male/Female)CD: Advanced 1: Music for Set Exercises and Variations (Female)CD: Advanced 1: Music for Set Exercises (Male)CD: Advanced 2: Music for Set Exercises and Variations (Female)CD: Advanced 2: Music for Set Exercises and Dance Studies (Male)RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 34Valid from 01 January 2015

6.3 DVDsCode330ADVF330ADV1330A1MDVD330ADV2DescriptionDVD: Advanced Foundation: Set Exercises and Variations(Male/Female)DVD: Advanced 1: Set Exercises and Variations (Female)DVD: Advanced 1: Set Exercises (Male)DVD: Advanced 2: Set Exercises and Variations (Female)6.4 UniformFor full information about uniform, please see Examinations Information, Rules andRegulations, Section 5.5.Female sleeveless leotard – black, royal blue, navyblue, or purple waistband (optional) - 2cm elastic, the samecolour as leotard tutu (for Variation 1) skirt (for Variation 2) tights – pink head ribbons (optional) – velvet, in the samecolour as the leotard soft pointe shoes – pink with ribbons pointe shoes (pointe work section) – pink withribbons soft ballet shoes may not be worn split sole soft pointe / pointe shoes arepermittedMale white, navy or black leotard tights - black or navy blue black or white socks worn over thetights black or white shoes with elastic(NB. if black shoes are worn thensocks must also be black) split sole shoes are permitted6.5 Outlets and stockistsThe printed books, music books, CDs and DVDs are available from:Royal Academy of Dance Enterprises Ltd36 Battersea SquareLondon SW11 3RA 020 7326 8080 020 7228 6261 www.radenterprises.co.ukonline, by post or in personand other Academy branch outlets.RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 35Valid from 01 January 2015

6.5.2 All uniform is available to Registered Teachers through the RADE Uniform Directpromotion from:Freed of London62-64 Well StreetLondon E9 7PXFreephone 0800 975 5981 (UK) 020 8510 4700 020 8510 4750 http://www.radefreed.comonline, by post or in personand other stockists.RAD Level 3 / 4 Certificates / Diploma in Vocational Graded Examination in Dance: Advanced Foundation / 1 / 2 (Ballet) Page 36Valid from 01 January 2015