Part 7. JUNCACEAE 2: Juncus - Species Plantarum Programme

12
SPECIES PLANTARUM — FLORA OF THE WORLD (2002)
prominent scarious distal auricles, notched; tepals and bracts usually brown to reddish
brown, punctulate-striulate. Stamens 6, 3/4– 4/5 as long as tepals. Capsule 2.8–4 (–4.5) mm
long, ovoid to spheroidal, light to dark brown; apex conical to obtuse; seeds 40–75. Seeds
obliquely ovoid, c. 20–25-striate; seed-coat distinct.
From Greece, Aegean area and Turkey to N Iran, Caucasus and Turkmenistan. Two
subspecies are known.
Capsule usually with conical apex; inflorescence elongated, usually of
numerous small heads 3a. subsp. heldreichianus
Capsule usually with obtuse apex; inflorescence of few heads or groups of
heads, not elongated 3b. subsp. orientalis
3a. Juncus heldreichianus T.Marsson ex Parl. subsp. heldreichianus
Illustration: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 45, fig. 7 (1993).
Map: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 48, fig 9 (1993).
Stem 40–100 (–150) cm tall, rather rigid but usually compressed and ±arcuate, usually
1.5–2.5 mm in diam.; leaves (10–) 40–100 (–150) cm long, 1.5–3 mm in diam. Inflorescence
10–40 × 3–5 cm, lax, elongated, with (10–) 40–100 (–200) heads; heads sometimes in several
clusters. Lower bract 6–40 cm long, including a sheath (2–) 4–6 (–10) cm long, usually
shorter than inflorescence; second lowest bract 3–7 cm long, including sheath (1–) 2–3 (–5) cm
long; middle bracts often with small pungent laminas. Heads (1–) 2–5 (–8)-flowered. Tepals
3–4 mm long; outer tepals slightly cymbiform, not or little keeled basally, obtuse,
mucronate. Anthers 1.5–2.2 mm long, 5–8 times as long as filaments; style 0.8–1.5 mm long;
stigmas 1–1.5 mm long. Capsule 3–4 (–4.5) mm long, up to 1.5 times as long as tepals, ovoid
or rarely subspheroidal; apex conical or rarely obtuse or slightly angular; mucro very short.
Seeds 0.8–0.9 mm long, or 1.0–1.5 mm long including appendages; appendages slightly
unequal. 2n = 48, fide S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 44 (1993). Fig. 40.
Greece, Aegean area, W, C and S Turkey, Cyprus. 13: GRC, KRI, TUE. 34: CYP, TUR. Sand
dunes, sandy places, salt and freshwater marshes, along streams, from sea level to 1700 m.
Map 177.
13. GREECE: Naxos, S.Snogerup 2637 (LD); Ikaria, H.Runemark & S.Snogerup 6566 (LD); Korinth,
S.Snogerup 20405 (LD); Zakynthos, Stamatiadou 11483 (ATH). KRITI: Iraklio, H.Merxmüller &
Wiedmann 19/54 (M); Sitia, H.Runemark & S.Snogerup 17920 (LD). 34. CYPRUS: Akhyritou, R.D.Meikle
2613 (C, K). TURKEY: Istanbul, Halkali, Argöksel 25326 (ISTF); Mugla, Fethyie, Fitz 359 (W).
3b. Juncus heldreichianus subsp. orientalis Snogerup, in K.H.Rechinger, Fl. Iranica
75: 7 (1971)
Juncus orientalis (Snogerup) Filim., Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 5: 110 (1976). T: Iran, 94 km N Khvoy inter
Shahabad & Maku, K.H.Rechinger 32735, holo: W.
Juncus tenax Banks & Sol., in A.Russel, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 251 (1794), nom. illeg., non Sol. in
Forster (1786). T: Syria, Aleppo, Russel; syn: BM.
Illustration: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 47, fig. 8 (1993).
Map: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 48, fig. 9 (1993).
Stem 30–70 cm tall, rigid, erect, usually 1.5–2.5 mm in diam.; leaves (10–) 20–45 cm long,
1.5–3 mm thick. Inflorescence 4–10 × 2–5 cm, lax, with 8–30 well separated heads. Lower
bract 3–7 (–15) cm, including a sheath 1.5–2.5 cm long, longer or slightly shorter than
inflorescence; second lowest bract usually inconspicuous, 1.5–4 cm long, including sheath
1–2 cm long; middle bracts usually with no or only small laminas. Heads (3–) 4–5 (–8)-flowered.
Tepals 2.5–3.5 mm long; outer tepals cymbiform, keeled and thickened by spongy tissue
basally, obtuse, with mucro 0.1–0.3 mm long. Anthers 1.4–2.0 mm long, 4–8 times as long as
filaments; style 1–1.5 mm long; stigmas 1–1.5 mm long. Capsule 2.8–3.5 mm long, equalling
or slightly exceeding tepals, spheroidal with obtuse or shortly conical apex; mucro c. 0.2 mm
long. Seeds 0.75–0.8 mm long, or 1.2–2.0 mm long including appendages; appendages
conspicuously unequal. Fig. 41.