24 SPECIES PLANTARUM — FLORA OF THE WORLD (2002) Figure 4<strong>7.</strong> <strong>Juncus</strong> roemerianus. A, plant base and inflorescence; B, C, inflorescences; D, female head; E, flowers and tepals of female individual; F, hermaphrodite flower in fruit; G, tepals of hermaphrodite flower with stamens; H, capsule of female flower; I, seeds; J, hermaphrodite flower in fruit and capsule. (A, C–H, J, D.Persson, 25 Jul 1978, LD). Scale bars: A, B = 10 cm; C = 5 cm; D, J = 3 mm; E–H = 2 mm; I = 0.5 mm. Drawn by B.Johnsen. Reproduced with permission from S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 66, fig. 21 (1993).
<strong>JUNCACEAE</strong> (<strong>Juncus</strong>) anthers 1.4–1.7 (–2.0) mm long, 5–7 times as long as filaments; stigmas 1.5–2.5 mm long. Capsule in hermaphrodite flowers 2.5–3 mm long, in pistillate flowers 3–5 mm long, ±exceeding tepals, broadly trigono-ellipsoidal, obtuse, light to dark brown, glossy, trilocular with thick placentas; mucro 0.1–0.3 mm long. Seeds 0.5–0.7 mm long, or 0.6–0.8 mm long including appendages, 0.3–0.4 mm broad, ±ellipsoidal, yellowish brown, c. 25-striate; appendages indistinct or with one to 0.1 mm long. Fig. 4<strong>7.</strong> Endemic to S and SE coast of USA, from Texas and Louisiana to Virginia; Bahamas and Bermuda in the Caribbean. 77: TEX. 78: ALA, DEL, FLA, GEO, LOU, MSI, NCA, SCA, VRG. 81: BAH. Salt marshes and stabilized coastal sands, in large stands in upper part of tidal pools. Map 185. 78. ALABAMA: Fort Morgan Peninsula, H.H.Iltis 21484 (BM, UC). FLORIDA: Gulf Co., 25 Jul 1978, D.Persson (LD). GEORGIA: Chatham Co., Harper 1821 (E). MISSISSIPPI: Jackson Co., S.T.McDaniel & R.E.Brooks 21209 (RSA). NORTH CAROLINA: Carteret Co., Blomquist 10375 (UC). SOUTH CAROLINA: Georgetown Co., R.K.Godfrey & R.M.Tryon 20301 (UC, CAS). Virginia: Norfolk, Krause 4298 (B). 81. BAHAMAS: Andros, W.T.Gillis 12907 (BM). BERMUDA: Spittle Pond, N.L.Britton & J.Bisset (K). 9. <strong>Juncus</strong> cooperi Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 590 (1868) T: USA, California, Camp Cady, Mohave River, Cooper; holo: probably MO, n.v. Illustration: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 70, fig. 23 (1993). Maps: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 68, 22 (1993); R.E.Brooks & S.E.Clemants, Fl. N. Amer. 22: 237 (2000). Perennials, (40–) 50–80 (–100) cm tall, densely caespitose; rhizome short–noded, branching. Intravaginal shoots present. Cataphylls 2–4 (–5), to 10 cm long. Leaves 15–60 cm long, including sheaths up to 10 (– 25) cm long, (1.5–) 2–3 mm in diam., striate. Lower bract leaflike, thin, (2.5–) 6–22 cm long, including a sheath 1.8–4 cm long; middle bracts with large sheath and small lamina; bracts subtending heads usually shorter than flowers. Inflorescence (3–) 4–15 × (1–) 1.5–3 (–5) cm, with 3–20 (–25) heads. Heads (1–) 4–8 (–12)-flowered. Tepals 5–6.5 mm long, subequal, later with thick spongy bases; outer tepals aristate with arista to 1 mm long, with distal margin scarious and to 0.5 mm wide; inner tepals oblong, with broad distal thin fragile scarious wings, ±emarginate. Stamens 6, 2/3– 3/4 as long as tepals; anthers (2.2–) 2.5–3.5 mm long, (2.5–) 5–7 times as long as filaments; style 1.5–2 mm long; stigmas 2.5–3.5 mm long. Capsule 4–5.5 mm long, ±exceeding tepals, trilocular, thickwalled, ovoid, ±trigonous, attenuate, acute to obtuse, straw-brown; mucro inconspicuous; seeds c. 60–70. Seeds 0.9–1.1 mm long, or 1.5–1.9 mm long including appendages, 0.4–0.6 mm broad, ellipsoidal to ovoid, c. 25-striate; appendages short, ±unequal. Fig. 48. Endemic to California and Nevada, USA. 76: CAL, NEV. Saline and brackish marshes, in desert valleys on soils with high salinity. Map 186. 76. CALIFORNIA: Salton Lake, Travertine Terraces, S.B.Parish 8428 (CAS); Inyo Co., Death Valley, Furnace Ck, S.Riebe [cult. S.Snogerup 4165, 4166] (LD); Inyo Co., Saline Valley, M.DeDecker 2617 (RSA); Harmony Borax Works, S.Snogerup & B.Snogerup 3440 (LD). NEVADA: Clark Co., Redgypspring, Gullion 502 (UC). Hybrids <strong>Juncus</strong> acutus L. × J. heldreichianus T.Marsson ex Parl. Usually a moderate-sized plant. Inflorescence slightly elongate, capsules often light coloured with a long conical tip, appearing unfilled. Seed set irregular, from 0% up to at least 30% in the best developed capsules. Pollen almost 100% staining. Found repeatedly in Greece. 13. GREECE: Naxos, S.Snogerup 1676, 1707, 1728 (LD). <strong>Juncus</strong> acutus L. × J. littoralis C.A.Mey. Usually a tall plant forming large tussocks. Inflorescence and flowers like those of J. littoralis. Capsules differently developed; the large ones with a conical top. Seed set 25
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