Part 7. JUNCACEAE 2: Juncus - Species Plantarum Programme

16
SPECIES PLANTARUM — FLORA OF THE WORLD (2002)
Juncus maritimus var. atlanticus J.W.White, J. Bot. 52: 19 (1914). T: Great Britain, Isles of Scilly, Great
Ganinick, J.W.White; syn: BRISTM, n.v., NMW.
Illustration: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 53, fig. 12 (1993).
Maps: H.Meusel, E.Jäger & E.Weinert, Vergl. Chorol. Zentraleur. Fl. 1: 84 (1965); S.Snogerup, Willdenowia
23: 55, fig. 13 (1993).
Perennials, 50–100 cm tall; rhizome creeping, up to 8 mm in diam., with internode length
variable; intravaginal shoots usually lacking. Stem usually 1.5–2 mm thick, rigid. Leaves
(10–) 25–80 cm long, 1–3 mm in diam. Lower two bracts leaf-like, with broad sheaths,
(7–) 10–25 (–40) cm long, including sheath 2.5–4 cm long, usually exceeding inflorescence;
middle bracts with blade reduced to small mucro; bracts subtending heads shorter than
flowers, amplexicaul, apiculate. Inflorescence (4–) 10–20 × (2–) 3–5 (–8) cm, usually lax,
rarely contracted to one or a few large clusters, with 20–100 (–200) heads. Heads (1–) 2–6flowered.
Tepals with membranous margins, 3–4 mm long; outer tepals ±longer, ovate,
cymbiform, acute, with mucro 0–0.3 mm long; inner tepals narrowly elliptic, with ±broader
margins apically, obtuse. Stamens 6 (rarely 3), c. 2/3 as long as tepals; anthers 0.8–1.2 mm
long, 1.5–2 (–2.5) times as long as filaments; style 1–1.5 mm long; stigmas 1–2 mm long.
Capsule 2.5–3.5 mm long, equalling or slightly exceeding tepals, trigono-ovoid, obtuse or
abruptly attenuate, with mucro 0.3–0.6 mm long, trilocular; seeds 60–100. Seeds 0.6–0.7 mm
long, 0.8–1.2 mm including appendages, obliquely ovoid, c. 25-striate; appendages unequal,
white. Figs 37, 43.
From W and NW Europe (with isolated occurrence in C Europe) and N coasts of the
Mediterranean to Turkey and the Black Sea region, Iran and Central Asia. Casually
introduced to E USA and Uruguay in the past. 10: DEN, GRB, IRE, SWE. 11: AUT, BGM,
GER, HUN, NET. 12: BAL, COR, FRA, POR, SAR, SPA. 13: ALB, BUL, GRC, ITA, KRI,
ROM, SIC, TUE, YUC. 14: KRY, UKR. 21: AZO. 32: UZB, TKM, TZK. 33: TCS. 34: AFG,
CYP, EAI, IRN, PAL, TUR. 75: nwj, nwy. 85: uru. Most common in coastal to brackish salt
marshes, less often in maritime sands and inland saline to subsaline habitats, in Iran up to
1200 m. Map 180.
10. GREAT BRITAIN: Anglesey, Black Creek, 24 Aug 1999, T.C.G.Rich (NMW). SWEDEN: Skåne,
Ljunghusen, S.Snogerup 1445 (LD). 11. AUSTRIA: Neusiedler-See, 1957, Neumann (W).
12. BALEARES: Mallorca, Albufeira, Bowden & Sims 535 (BM, O). 13. GREECE: Xanthis/Rodopis, Porto
Lago, A.Strid & al. 24277 (C, LD). 21. AZORES: Pico, Lajes, T.G.Tutin & E.F.Warburg H469 (K, O).
32. TURKMENISTAN: Bajsun, Kaltaminor, 1000 m, B.Fedtschenko 1169 (B); Amu-Darya, Kyzyl Kala, Jul
1967, A.A. van Pelt (W). 34. TURKEY: Ankara, Tuz Gölü, Darrah 225 (E). 75. USA: New Jersey,
Philadelphia, 1845, Watson (E). 85. URUGUAY: Maldonado, Piriápolis, C.Osten 5708 (CORD).
A form with more diffuse inflorescence and a relatively shorter lower bract was described as
var. atlanticus J.W.White. It is stable in cultivation but coexists with the typical variant
within populations. A form with subcongested inflorescence, described as var. congestus
L.B.Hall, seems to be stable in cultivation as well.
6. Juncus rigidus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 312 (1800)
Juncus maritimus var. rigidus (Desf.) Rouy, Fl. France 13: 231 (1912). T: [NW Africa] 'in arenis ad maris
littora', R.L.Desfontaines; lecto: P-DESF, fide S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 54 (1993).
Juncus procerus Bianca, Atti Acad. Gicoenia Sci. Nat. Catania, ser. 2, 3: 65 (1846), nom. illeg., non E.Mey.
(1828); Juncus maritimus subsp. rigidus (Desf.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur. 745 (1882); Juncus maritimus Lam.
var. biancae Lojac., Fl. Sicul. 3: 152 (1909). T: Sicily, Noto, G.Bianca, syn: FI.
Juncus maritimus Lam. var. arabicus Asch. & Buchenau, in P.E.Boissier, Fl. Orient. 5: 354 (1882); Juncus
arabicus (Asch. & Buchenau) Adamson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 50: 10 (1935). T: [Egypt] Sinai,
'Ad scaturigines Raphidim', 17 Jul 1835, Schimper 495; lecto: W, fide S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 54 (1993);
iso: CAS, E, FI, M.
Juncus nevskii V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch., in V.L.Komarov, Fl. URRS 3: 629 (1935) T: Turkmenistan,
'ad fonticulum Kara-su prope pag. Kughitang', 12 Jul 1931, S.A.Nevski 763; holo: LE.
Illustration: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 56, fig. 14 (1993).
Map: S.Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 58, fig. 15 (1993).