a large field, we get <strong>on</strong>e in terms of the product of the regulators of two of its subfields.This often results in a significant improvement of the upper bound for the height. Thisidea is due to Voutier [49]. Recall the notati<strong>on</strong> log ∗ (a) = max{1, log a}.Propositi<strong>on</strong> 3.6.1. Let L be a number field of degree d, which c<strong>on</strong>tains K 1 , K 2 assubfields of degree d 1 , d 2 , respectively. Let S (resp. S 1 , S 2 ) be a finite set of places ofL (resp. K 1 , K 2 ) c<strong>on</strong>taining the set of infinite places. Denote by s (resp. s 1 , s 2 ) thenumber of places in S (resp. S 1 , S 2 ) and assume both s 1 and s 2 are ≥ 3. Denote byP the largest norm of the prime ideals corresp<strong>on</strong>ding to the finite places in S, with thec<strong>on</strong>venti<strong>on</strong> that P = 1 if S does not c<strong>on</strong>tain finite places. Assume that OS ∗ 1and OS ∗ 2are both c<strong>on</strong>tained in OS ∗ . Denote by R i the S i -regulator of K i for i = 1, 2. Supposethat ν 1 , ν 2 , ν 3 are n<strong>on</strong>-zero elements of L with height ≤ H, where H is a c<strong>on</strong>stant≥ max(1, π/d) and c<strong>on</strong>sider the unit equati<strong>on</strong>ν 1 ε 1 + ν 2 ε 2 + ν 3 ε 3 = 0 (3.6.1)where ε 1 is a S 1 -unit of K 1 , ε 2 a S 2 -unit of K 2 and ε 3 a S-unit of L. Define the c<strong>on</strong>stantsc 10 = 2H(s + 1) + 4sHc 4 (s 1 , d 1 )c 4 (s 2 , d 2 )c 7 (s 1 + s 2 − 1, d)R 1 R 2 ×log( √ 2e max{(s 1 + s 2 − 2)π/ √ 2, c 2 (s 1 , d 1 )R 1 , c 2 (s 2 , d 2 )R 2 )}),c 11 = 4sHc 4 (s 1 , d 1 )c 4 (s 2 , d 2 )c 7 (s 1 + s 2 − 1, d)R 1 R 2 ,( )max{c5 (s 1 , d 1 ), c 5 (s 2 , d 2 ), 1)}c 12 = 2H(s + 1) + c 11 log2 √ ,2dHc 13 = log 2 + 2H + 4(s 1 + s 2 − 2)Hc 1 (s 1 , d 1 )c 1 (s 2 , d 2 )c 9 (s 1 + s 2 − 1, d)×R 1 R 2 max{c 2 (s 1 , d 1 )R 1 , c 2 (s 2 , d 2 )R 2 },c 14 = 2Hds 1+s 2 −2 Plog(2) log ∗ P c 1(s 1 , d 1 )c 1 (s 2 , d 2 )c 8 (s 1 + s 2 − 1, d)R 1 R 2 ,c 15 = 2H(s + 1)+()max{c 5 (s 1 , d 1 ), c 5 (s 2 , d 2 ), 1)}e (s 1+s 2 )(6(s 1 +s 2 )−1) d 3(s 1+s 2 −1) log(2d)P s 1+s 2c 14 log.Hc 9 (s 1 + s 2 − 1, d)33
Then( )ν1 ε 1h ≤ max{c 10 , c 12 + c 11 log(max{h(ε 1 ), h(ε 2 ), 1}), c 13 ,ν 3 ε 3c 15 + c 14 log(max{h(ε 1 ), h(ε 2 ), 1})}Proof. Let {µ 1 , . . . , µ s1 −1} and {ρ 1 , . . . , ρ s2 −1} be respectively systems of fundamentalS i -units for K 1 and K 2 as in Lemma 3.3.1; in particular we knows∏1 −1j=1h(µ j ) ≤ c 1 (s 1 , d 1 )R 1 ,s∏2 −1j=1h(ρ j ) ≤ c 1 (s 2 , d 2 )R 2 . (3.6.2)We can writeε 1 = ζ 1 µ b 11 · · · µ b s 1 −1s 1 −1 , ε 2 = ζ 2 ρ f 11 · · · ρf s 2 −1s 2 −1 ,where ζ 1 and ζ 2 are roots of unity and b 1 , . . . , b s1 −1, and f 1 , . . . , f s2 −1 are rati<strong>on</strong>alintegers. SetB 1 = max{|b 1 |, . . . , |b s1 −1|},B 2 = max{|f 1 |, . . . , |f s2 −1|}We deduce from Lemma 3.3.3 thatB 1 ≤ c 5 (s 1 , d 1 ) h(ε 1 ), B 2 ≤ c 5 (s 2 , d 2 ) h(ε 2 ),and henceB := max{c 5 (s 1 , d 1 ), c 5 (s 2 , d 2 ), 1)} max{h(ε 1 ), h(ε 2 ), 1} ≥ max{B 1 , B 2 }. (3.6.3)Set α 0 = −ζ 2 ν 2 /(ζ 1 ν 1 ) and b 0 = 1. By (3.6.1) we haveν 3 ε 3= α b 00ν 1 ε µ−b 11 · · · µ −b s 1 −1s 1 −1 ρ f 11 · · · ρf s 2 −1s 2 −1 − 1. (3.6.4)1Now choose the place υ of L such that ‖ε 3 /ε 1 ‖ υ is minimal. From Lemma 3.2.2 wededuce thath(ε 3 /ε 1 ) ≤ − s d log (‖ε 3/ε 1 ‖ υ ) . (3.6.5)34
- Page 1 and 2: S-integral <strong
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- Page 6 and 7: AcknowledgmentsTo the glory of my G
- Page 8 and 9: DeclarationsI declare that, except
- Page 10 and 11: Chapter 1IntroductionConsider the h
- Page 12 and 13: As mentioned earlier, Step (I’) h
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- Page 16 and 17: Chapter 2The Mordell-Weil groupThe
- Page 18 and 19: Denote the corresponding element of
- Page 20 and 21: of C is the logarithmic naive heigh
- Page 22 and 23: For the computation of the canonica
- Page 24 and 25: Once we find r linearly independent
- Page 26 and 27: then it should have strictly lower
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- Page 34 and 35: the ring of integers of K is the us
- Page 36 and 37: Proof. Recall that ‖ε‖ υ = 1
- Page 38 and 39: Proof. Note that for any place υ i
- Page 40 and 41: We will also need a bound for the c
- Page 44 and 45: We will compute a lower bound for t
- Page 46 and 47: Choose nowδ = 2c 9 (n, d)H h(µ 1
- Page 48 and 49: c ∗ 14 = 2H∗ d s 1+s 2 −2 P d
- Page 50 and 51: To ease notation we write A 1 + A 2
- Page 52 and 53: Let f(x) = x 5 − 16x + 8. Let α
- Page 54 and 55: 3.8 The Mordell-Weil sieveWe have g
- Page 56 and 57: of the first 22 primes. We transfor
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- Page 60 and 61: The AGM of two positive real number
- Page 62 and 63: Note that sgn(t) does not change al
- Page 64 and 65: 4.2 Bost and Mestre’s algorithmIn
- Page 66 and 67: Lemma 4.2.4 (I-3). Let P, Q ∈ R[X
- Page 68 and 69: and[U, V ] = −2R∆(P, Q, R),[V,
- Page 70 and 71: andU(x) = [Q, R](x) = (b + b ′
- Page 72 and 73: then F 1 is precisely of degree 2 a
- Page 74 and 75: Lemma 4.2.10 (III-3-a). We have z 1
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- Page 82 and 83: for [U n , V n ] and [W n , U n ],
- Page 84 and 85: Since I n converges, T n converges
- Page 86 and 87: and a sum of integral</stro
- Page 88 and 89: 2 = a 1a ′ 1 − b 1b ′ 1 + √
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and⎧⎪⎨ −1, (a n,i = b and x
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algorithm used for the multiplicati
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interested in. The roots of f are m
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assuming that the polynomial f defi
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the g × 2g matrix⎛∫∫∫ ⎞A
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curves with the point at infinity a
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We are now interested in the numeri
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conformed ourselves with estimates
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Let P be an integral</stron
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We will now find an upper bound for
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for the divisors D 1 = (−1, 1)
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Proof. Since c 16 > 0, then X(P ) i
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now want to estimate the height of
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and for all x ≤ −c 16max{ ∫ x
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andφ(2D i )2= (d i,1 , d i,2 ) ∈
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Again, by our assumption, the right
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The reader can find the MAGMA progr
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[8] Nils Bruin, Chabauty methods us
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[30] Serge Lang, Algebraic number t
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[51] Michel Waldschmidt, Diophantin