Building Our Legacy Statement on Scotland's Architecture Policy 2007

BUILDING OUR LEGACYSTATEMENT ON SCOTLAND'S ARCHITECTURE POLICY 2007

TO PROMOTE THE VALUEAND BENEFITS OF GOODARCHITECTURE, ENCOURAGEDEBATE ON THE ROLE OFARCHITECTURE IN NATIONALAND LOCAL LIFE AND FURTHERAN UNDERSTANDING OF THEPRODUCTS AND PROCESSESOF BUILDING DESIGNCONTENTS2.5.11.37.53.67.98.FOREWORDINTRODUCTIONLEADERSHIP & DELIVERYCULTURAL CONTEXTEDUCATION, SKILLS AND ADVOCACYSUSTAINABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND INCLUSIVE DESIGNSUMMARY

FOREWORDThe launch of Scotland’s firstever policy on architecture in2001 was an acknowledgementof the unique contribution thatarchitecture has made, andcontinues to make, to Scotland’scultural life. <strong>Our</strong> architectureand our built environmentcontribute to and help to shape our sense of identityas a nation; they provide the setting for the everyday lifeof communities and individuals across the length andbreadth of Scotland; they tell the story of our past; andthey will be a vital ingredient in our success as a nationin the future.The first statement made by the Scottish Executive onarchitecture was the 1999 framework document ‘TheDevelopment of a Policy on Architecture for Scotland’which set out Scottish Ministers’ views on the value andbenefits of good architecture and design in cultural,social, environmental and economic terms. These viewswere strongly supported in public consultation and thusbecame the underlying principles on which the 2001policy on architecture was based. In formulating thisupdated statement, it is clear to me that the principleson which our policy is based still hold true today.However, Scottish Ministers recognise that some keyissues related to the built environment can be subject tochange and that our priorities need to reflect suchchanges. We undertook, therefore, to review the policyperiodically and to assess the effectiveness of the actionswhich we have taken. This statement derives from thefirst formal review of policy in 2006 and reports on ourchanges in approach, emphasis and priorities in policy.I would like to express my warm thanks to all those whotook part in our public consultation and who have helpedin the development of the new statement.Public interest in the National Programme onArchitecture managed by The Lighthouse continuesto grow, and I am confident that the impact ofour policy over the past five years has been a positiveone. Architecture and Design Scotland (A+DS) is nowwell established and I look forward to seeing theoutcomes of its early engagement in areas such ashealthcare buildings. Sustainable development is anincreasingly important part of our agenda and ourcontinued funding of ‘Sust. The Lighthouse onSustainability’ is a demonstration of our commitmentto support the mainstreaming of sustainable design.I am extremely optimistic about the continuingachievements of Scottish architecture and can seegrowing international recognition of the strength ofrecent Scottish projects. The ‘RIAS Doolan Award forBest <strong>Building</strong> in Scotland’ has highlighted the immensequality and range of our best new architecture, and I feelthat the standard of design on the shortlists has beenremarkable.Fundamentally, the quality of our built environmentaffects our quality of life for better or worse and,therefore, deserves to be a necessary concern ofgovernment. This new policy statement on architecturemarks Scottish Ministers’ continued commitment to ahigh quality built environment as a key factor in turningour aspiration to be the best small country in the worldinto a reality.Patricia Ferguson, MSPMinister for Tourism, Culture and Sport

“IF THERE IS A RECURRING THEME [IN RECENT SCOTTISHARCHITECTURE], IT IS A CONCERN WITH CREATING A SENSEOF PLACE; WITH 'HEALING' A FRACTURED SITE. ... THESEBUILDINGS SHARE A SENSIBILITY THAT IS DIAMETRICALLYOPPOSED TO THE ATTENTION-GRABBING EXTRAVAGANCE OFFLAMBOYANT CIVIC BUILDINGS OR FLAGSHIP CORPORATEHQS. IF THEY ARE SHOWPIECE BUILDINGS AT ALL, THEY HAVEBECOME SO AS A RESULT OF THE EXTRAORDINARY TALENTAND CARE WHICH HAS BEEN LAVISHED ON THEIR EXECUTION,RATHER THAN THE ELASTICITY OF THE BUDGET OR THESTATUS OF THE CLIENT.WHATEVER PROBLEMS HAVE BESET SCOTTISH ARCHITECTURE,YOU HAVE TO APPLAUD THE ENERGY, ROBUSTNESS ANDVISION THAT ENCOURAGE THE COUNTRY'S LEADINGPRACTITIONERS TO ENGAGE WITH THE MOST UNRESOLVEDFRAGMENTS OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE. IF ANYTHING ISLIKELY TO STEM THE TIDE OF MEDIOCRE BUILDINGS, IT ISTHE PROLIFERATION OF PROJECTS THAT PROVE THAT THEREIS NO EXCUSE FOR THE HUMBLE TO BE HUMDRUM. FROM ANOUTSIDER'S PERSPECTIVE, SCOTTISH ARCHITECTURE IS NOTONLY THRIVING, BUT DEMONSTRATING AN EXTRAORDINARYABILITY TO ELEVATE THE EVERYDAY.”Isabel AllenEditorial – ‘Architect’s Journal’ 23.11.062_3

INTRODUCTION“THE QUALITY OF SCOTLAND’S BUILTENVIRONMENT IS IMPORTANT, NOTONLY TO OUR OWN QUALITY OF LIFE,BUT TO THE PERCEPTION OF THECOUNTRY ABROAD AS ANOUTSTANDING PLACE TO BE.”First Minister, Jack McConnell MSPWe believe that significant progress has been madein meeting the objectives set out in the 2001 policystatement, and this is described in our document‘A Policy on Architecture for Scotland: Progress Report2005’. In ‘Scotland’s Culture’, published in February2006, a commitment was made to a renewed andstrengthened statement on architecture policy. Thiswas not only a recognition of the progress made againstthe forty commitments in the 2001 statement, but alsoa recognition that the policy landscape has changed,signifying the need to update the policy and focus ona new programme of action.In May 2006, a consultation document was publishedsetting out twelve key challenges that the policy neededto address and, in addition to seeking written responses,consultation events were held in Aberdeen, Edinburgh,Glasgow and Inverness. In June 2006, a debate onarchitecture and the impact of the policy was heldin the Scottish Parliament. A report on the publicconsultation was published in December 2006.4_5

DIFFERENCES IN POLICYLANDSCAPESince 2001, Scottish Ministers have, both through theirarchitecture and planning policies, sought to placedesign far higher in the development process agenda.As a first step, we reviewed the role of the Royal FineArt Commission for Scotland (RFACS), which advisedMinisters, local authorities and other bodies ondevelopment proposals of significance to theenvironment. Following this review, in 2005 a newbody, Architecture and Design Scotland (A+DS), wasset up to replace RFACS. This was a milestone in policyimplementation as, through its increased funding andnew remit, we have enabled it to have a very much wider,more proactive role than RFACS in the promotion andadvocacy of good design.A key function of A+DS is to engage with planning andprocurement processes and to promote excellence indevelopment at an urban and rural design level, inbuilding programmes such as hospitals and schools, aswell as in individual buildings. Its role is set out in detailin the Scottish Planning Policy document SPP 20. Theaim of the organisation is to raise the quality of newdevelopment, so that high standards of layout and designare the rule, not the exception. A key issue in the workof A+DS is improving the quality of everyday architectureas well as having a concern for the design of high profilebuildings. Overall, the development of well designed andattractive cities, towns and villages will supportMinisters' determination to make Scotland a better placeto live, work and visit. This architecture policy statementsets out how we will build on the role of A+DS describedin SPP 20.In November 2001, the ‘Designing Places’ planning policystatement was published to sit alongside the policy onarchitecture. Through this policy, design is now amaterial consideration in the planning process.‘Designing Places’ is supported by a series of designbased Planning Advice Notes.The Executive's top priority is promoting sustainableeconomic growth to create a modern and vibrantScotland, and a modern, up to date planning systemis critical to achieving that objective. Sustainable growthrequires development, and the role of planning is toensure that this development is encouraged andmanaged in a sustainable way. The 2003 partnershipagreement between the Scottish Labour Party and theScottish Liberal Democrats, ‘A Partnership for a BetterScotland’, committed the Scottish Executive to improvingthe planning system by:>>>>strengthening the involvement of communities;speeding up decisions;reflecting local views better; andallowing quicker investment decisions.An extensive programme of consultations andstakeholder engagements on all aspects of the planningsystem has been carried out, and implementation ofthe Planning etc. (Scotland) Act 2006 will commencein spring 2007. This is an extremely important stage inthe Executive's commitment to reform the planningsystem, and can be seen as the culmination of theseries of consultations and white papers whichcommenced in 2001.The present statement on architecture policy sets outhow we will further draw together and integrate ourarchitecture and planning policies.

We have also modernised the building standards systemand, in 2004, established the Scottish <strong>Building</strong> StandardsAgency (SBSA). The new system provides a flexibleapproach to regulation which takes Scottish buildingstandards into the 21st century. Although moredemanding in building performance, it is lessprescriptive in the way that this is achieved, allowingmore innovative approaches to building design.A key success of architecture policy to date has beenthe way in which an increasing range of other Executivepolicy areas have been influenced in new ways byconsiderations of how we can achieve quality buildingsand how good design can improve service delivery. It isour intention to further integrate architecture policy withour other priorities for government such as those onsustainable development, on health, on housing andregeneration; where the built environment isfundamental to the success of initiatives.EMERGENCE OF OTHER KEYDRIVERSWhilst many elements of successful architecturalproduction can remain fairly constant, such as:– theimportant combination of briefing and the involvementand vision of the client/developer; the skill and creativityof the architect and the wider design team in meetingthe demands of the brief; and the contribution of thecontractor/builder – new challenges are also emergingwhich could have a fundamental impact on the way inwhich we design, construct, use and re-use the builtenvironment.A SUSTAINABLE FUTURESustainable development and mitigating climatechange have moved further to the forefront ofgovernment and public concern since 2001, and sharprises in fuel prices over recent years have contributedto a further sense of urgency for many. Unsurprisingly,therefore, sustainability was very high on the agendaof many respondees to the consultation.‘Choosing our future: Scotland’s SustainableDevelopment Strategy’ was published in December2005 and sets out actions which we will take inScotland to take forward shared priorities set outin the UK Framework for sustainable development,published earlier the same year. Following a formalreview of the Executive's response to climate change,the Executive also published ‘Changing <strong>Our</strong> Ways:Scotland’s Climate Change Programme’ in March2006. This strengthens the original Programme,published in November 2000, and represents astepping up of the Executive's ambition and actionto tackle climate change.The challenges of sustainable development andclimate change establish a new and increasinglycomplex agenda for architecture. Decisions we taketoday about the design, construction and layout ofthe built environment will have a profound effect onwhether we can achieve our objectives of buildinga sustainable future and how we conserve our existingresources. The way that our buildings perform canmake a significant contribution to reducing CO2emissions – and there is a real opportunity for clients,designers and the wider construction industry to worktogether in tackling one of the most importantchallenges that we face as a society.6_7

We believe that good architecture and design can andmust start to lead the way in addressing how asustainable future can be successfully delivered. The‘Sust. The Lighthouse on Sustainability’ initiative was thefirst mark of our commitment to align architecture policywith The Executive’s wider sustainability aims. Sust. wasdeveloped in 2002 in order to raise professional andpublic awareness of the importance of design and thecontribution that it can make in delivering a sustainablefuture. Sust. helps its clients to adopt a sustainableapproach to design in the built environment and assiststhose responsible for designing and commissioningbuildings to deliver buildings which meet theexpectations of all involved.MAKING BETTER PLACESThe importance of a wider urban and rural designagenda has emerged as a topic which this new policystatement needs to address, going beyond a concern thatindividual buildings respond to the challenges set out in‘Designing Places’. We need to consider how to achievethe quality of place-making required for the developmentof successful and sustainable neighbourhoods, villages,towns and cities across Scotland.Great places are formed from far more than theindividual buildings that they contain. <strong>Our</strong> best urbanenvironments are created where an imaginative andappropriate design approach has been consistentlyapplied to the relationship between buildings and thestreets, squares, parks, waterways and other spaceswhich make up the public domain. Beautiful andfunctional towns, cities, villages and neighbourhoods donot happen by chance; they emerge because deliberateand careful design direction is given to urban growth,conservation and change. Places that are not designed inthis way are unlikely to be successful and, as such, theywill not produce sustainable outcomes – even if theindividual buildings may be regarded as ‘green’.Good urban and rural design draw together the manystrands of place-making and resolve often conflictingdemands: planning and transportation policy,architectural design, landscape, engineering, socialinclusion, development economics and responsibility tothe environment – and integrate these to create inspiringplaces with character.<strong>Our</strong> conference ‘Urban Design: Time to take stock’, whichwas held in February 2005, highlighted the progressbeing made to raise awareness of the value andimportance of place-making and urban design acrossScotland.

OUR KEY OBJECTIVESIn the written responses to the consultation, in publicmeetings, in the meetings of the Policy on ArchitectureProgress Group and in the debate in Parliament, fiveoverarching themes dominated debate as priorities forfuture policy development. We have reviewed the 2001policy objectives in order to respond to these emergingthemes as follows:1. Leadership and delivery: We will encourage thequality of new developments in both the publicand private sectors to be of a standard thatprovides an outstanding legacy of well-designednew public buildings, schools, healthcarebuildings, homes and neighbourhoods, streetssquares and parks – contributing to thedevelopment of successful and sustainableplaces.2. Cultural context: We will stimulate a culturalclimate which acknowledges and appreciates therole of architecture and design in society, whichprovides a supportive framework forarchitectural debate and which encourages thewidespread involvement of communities in theirlocal built environments.4. Sustainability, accessibility and inclusive design:We will strengthen the development of a builtenvironment and architectural culture whichembraces sustainable, inclusive and accessibledesign as key components of the developmentindustry now and in the future.5. Built heritage: We will encourage a betterunderstanding of the role that our built heritagecan play in shaping a sustainable future, andbetter connections between our past, presentand future built environments.The five sections of the policy statement follow thisstructure, and set out how we will tackle challenges inrespect of each of these objectives. The statement alsocontains a series of case studies from the past five yearswhich illustrate practical examples of ways in which goodarchitecture and urban design can make a positivecontribution to our cultural heritage, to regeneration,to sustainable development and to economic successas well providing a host of other linked benefits. Thedocument ends with a summary of the actions whichwe will take to achieve the objectives set out above.3. Education, skills and advocacy: We will takesteps to put the right skills, tools and supportmechanisms in place to ensure the obstaclesand barriers that prevent or hinder thedevelopment of good quality sustainable builtenvironments are tackled.8_9

1. LEADERSHIP & DELIVERYPROVIDING AN OUTSTANDINGLEGACY OF WELL-DESIGNED PUBLICBUILDINGS, BETTER QUALITY IN NEWDEVELOPMENT & THE CREATION OFSUCCESSFUL, SUSTAINABLE PLACESA LEGACY FOR THE FUTURE –MAKING A DIFFERENCEScotland’s distinctive landscape includes not only itscelebrated scenery, but also its cities, towns and villages.These are a testament to the skills and abilities of thosewho commissioned, designed and built the places andspaces we use and inhabit today. If we are to respondeffectively to present and future challenges, we mustensure that our new developments provide us withbuildings and public spaces that not only serve the needsof the organisations and people who use them, but thatalso create an attractive and enjoyable environment fromwhich we can all benefit. The creation of such successfuland sustainable places will build upon Scotland’sreputation as a place where architecture and urbanismare valued as part of our culture. This is an issue that thepolicy on architecture has already started to address,but much more needs to be done to ensure that we are,today, creating an outstanding legacy of better publicbuildings, schools, healthcare buildings, homes andneighbourhoods, streets, squares and parks of whichwe can be proud.10_11

THE COST OF POOR DESIGNThe social, cultural, and environmental cost of the failureto commission and demand well-designed buildings andspaces also remains evident in many parts of Scotlandtoday. This is not, however, a uniquely Scottishphenomenon. Across the UK and, indeed, in many partsof Europe, there are certain design challenges whichcommonly produce disappointing results. Often, on theperiphery of our cities and towns (although not uniquelyso), these are generally places where expectations werelow from the outset and whatever opportunities existedto enhance, rather than detract from, the existing urbangrain have been missed. Such places, where nothing hasbeen done to challenge developers, clients, design teamsor contractors, can all too easily emerge as a blight onour country’s landscape. These challenges arehighlighted in Scottish Planning Policy SPP 20. Over thenext five years, a concerted effort will be led by A+DS totackle the various issues which can lead to theproduction of this type of low-grade built environment.There is, however, an ever-growing wealth of evidencethat shows the ways in which good design pays off: welldesignedhospitals can result in shorter bed stays andimproved recovery rates; well-designed schools canreduce truancy and staff turnover; and well-designedhousing and streetscapes can contribute to successfulcommunity regeneration. Good design is inclusive – ithelps to create places that everyone can enjoy equally.The assumptions that cheapest cost signifies best valueand that good design is an unaffordable luxury mustalways be challenged, as neither is true. The cost ofdesign is a fraction of the whole-life cost of a building –typically around 0.3-0.5% of those whole-life costs.The longer-term benefits of good design are substantialwhen viewed against the initial cost of investment indesign and are extremely significant if best value is to besecured.Good design can improve functional efficiency andsignificantly reduce running costs. In public buildings,good design can improve the delivery of public services,create civic pride and be the key factor which determinesthe level of usage. The most popular places to visit andto do business tend to offer high quality environments.Poor or badly thought out design, by contrast, canundermine the effectiveness of a building, can increaselifetime costs and can limit its long-term usefulness.So, our vision for Scotland has to be better than that ofsomewhere which readily accepts the lowest commondenominator in the built environment. Through the policyon architecture and the ‘Designing Places’ statement,Scottish Ministers have demonstrated their commitmentto tackling these issues – and real progress is beingmade, but we still need a more widespread shift inattitudes, expectations and practices about design in ourcities, towns and villages if we are to achieve consistentchange for the better. We will work closely with A+DS tohelp bring about this change. In partnership withdecision makers, investors, developers, public bodies,local authorities, the professions, and other keyagencies, we will help deliver the right quality of builtenvironment both now and in the future.

LEADERSHIPIn seeking to effect this change in the quality of the builtenvironment, it is clear that, given the scale ofinvestment in new building programmes such aseducation, health, housing, regeneration, and transport,the Scottish Executive itself must show leadership and acommitment to good design and architecture inpublicly-funded construction. The aim must be to securemaximum value from public expenditure by enhancingthe lives of our citizens and communities throughwell-designed, well-built outcomes that contributepositively to their settings, promoting aspiration and asense of belonging within users whilst, at the same time,using resources responsibly. In other words - helping tocreate thriving, sustainable settlements. All public bodiesneed to show their commitment to good design and wehave set out some key factors that we would expect tosee emerging from public investment in new buildings.All publicly-funded new buildings should:>>>contribute positively to the public realm, theirsurrounding context and the local community;meet the highest standards of access for peoplewith disabilities; andwork well for all users and add social andbusiness value to service delivery.The Executive recognises that good design needs to besupported and encouraged, and that achieving a goodquality outcome does not come automatically or easily.We will, therefore, further support and co-ordinatearchitectural quality aims and objectives acrossExecutive Departments.HOW THE PLACE-MAKINGAGENDA RELATES TOARCHITECTURE POLICYArchitecture and planning policies have many sharedaims stemming from our common aspiration for thedevelopment of high quality, distinctive places whichenhance the lives of the people of Scotland, and whichsupport the sustainable economic and social wellbeing ofcommunities. ‘Designing Places’ sets out a framework topromote good urban and rural design in the planningsystem. It demonstrates the value of good design and itsbenefits, and provides the basis for a series of PlanningAdvice Notes (PANs) which deal with different aspects ofurban and rural design and place-making, identifyingand communicating best practice. We now intend takingthe necessary steps to ensure that the aims of the twopolicies are better integrated; initially through:They should also:>>>demonstrate high standards of design quality;be well-built, built to last and easy to maintain;andbe ecologically sound, energy efficient andminimise the use of resource in construction andin operation.>>>>>>the Planning etc. (Scotland) Act 2006;the National Planning Framework (NPF);the work of A+DS;the publication of guidance on master planning;the publication of ‘Design Snapshot’; andthe delivery of a design training framework aspart of the Planning Development Programme.12_13

‘DESIGNING PLACES’OBSERVES THAT THE MOSTSUCCESSFUL PLACES, THEONES THAT FLOURISHSOCIALLY ANDECONOMICALLY, TEND TOHAVE CERTAIN QUALITIESIN COMMON:PLANNING ETC.(SCOTLAND) ACT 2006Over the years, it appears that the planning system hasgradually shifted in focus away from aspiration-drivenoutcomes and we believe that many now perceive thesystem to have become too process-orientated. Thisdrift in focus has been a contributory factor in theExecutive’s recognition of the need for a culture changein planning policy, as embodied in the Planning etc.(Scotland) Act 2006.>>>>>>THEY HAVE A DISTINCTIDENTITY;THEIR SPACES ARESAFE AND PLEASANT;THEY ARE EASY TO MOVEAROUND, ESPECIALLYON FOOT;VISITORS FEEL A SENSEOF WELCOME;THEY ADAPT TOCHANGINGCIRCUMSTANCES; ANDTHEY ARE RESOURCEEFFICIENT.One of our central aims is to nurture a widerunderstanding and appreciation of the significantcultural and social value of well-designed places.Development plans will be at the heart of the reformedplanning system, and the Executive aims to encouragedevelopment plans that better reflect the distinctivequalities of places and their ability to accommodate,guide or drive change in the long term public interest.We understand that preparation of plans may havecome to be perceived by many as a bureaucraticexercise. We aim to challenge this perception, and movetowards the position where there is greaterunderstanding and commitment to what plans shouldbe trying to achieve in terms of beneficial outcomes.The Act has a clearer focus on delivery, and theintention is that development plans will be updatedevery five years, with more community and stakeholderinput, faster preparation and greater certainty. Again,this contributes to the wider sustainability agenda interms of the longevity of well-designed places.

NATIONAL PLANNINGFRAMEWORKThe Act also contains provisions regarding Scotland’snational spatial strategy, the National PlanningFramework (NPF). The NPF is a non-statutoryScotland-wide planning document first published by theExecutive in 2004. The central aim of the document is toguide the spatial development of Scotland to 2025 and toinform decisions made by the Executive and its agencieson policy and spending priorities, as well as providing acontext for development plans and planning decisions.The next National Planning Framework (NPF2) will bepublished in 2008. The Planning etc. (Scotland) Act 2006requires that the NPF must contain a strategy forScotland’s spatial development and a statement of theScottish Ministers’ priorities for that development. TheAct introduces a new hierarchy of planning, with MSPsagreeing a national framework at the top level. We needto ensure that the key strategic projects identified in theNPF are of a design quality which befits theirimportance as proposals of national significance.MASTER PLANNINGMaster planning is a powerful tool for creating thekind of successful places which embody the desirablecharacteristics described in ‘Designing Places’. Itprovides a rational approach to maximising not only theeconomic potential of significant new developments orregeneration initiatives, but also to realising the socialand cultural potential of projects. A strategic overviewof spatial design can provide a framework within which14_15

DESIGN SNAPSHOTopportunities presented by existing built environmentsmay be used to their best advantage. Piecemealdevelopment is less likely to lead to the creation ofwell-defined and cohesive streets, squares, open spacesand connections - neighbourhoods which have distinctivecharacter and which relate to their wider urban or ruralcontexts.<strong>Our</strong> ‘review’ publication and associated exhibition‘Architecture in Scotland 2004-2006 Defining Place’ dealswith the theme of place-making, and the essay by BrianEvans, Deputy Chair of A+DS, charts the historicdevelopment of urban and rural design trends andmakes the point that, in order to build on the legacyinherited from Scotland’s great era of town building, weneed an understanding of land and climate combinedwith cultural, societal and economic imperatives.A recognition of the advantages of successful masterplanning is gaining welcome momentum within thedevelopment industry, and we have seen a particularinterest in this issue by Homes for Scotland, theumbrella body whose members account for over 95% ofnew homes built in Scotland. In order to build on thismomentum and encourage good practice in this area,the Executive’s Planning Division will shortly undertakecollaborative work with A+DS to produce a masterplanning advice document. This will be supported by thePlanning Development Programme with training eventsfor local authority planners.‘This Design Snapshot’ publication is a short, easy-readguide to design in Scotland, aimed at anyone who hasa role in designing places, to help them gain moreconfidence in dealing with the subject. It is intended to bean information source rather than a manual on design, toreinforce the importance of design, to emphasise its rolewithin the planning and development process and toreiterate the need to create quality environments. It willbe launched in 2007.DESIGN STATEMENTS‘Planning Advice Note: Design <strong>Statement</strong>s’ (PAN 68)explains what a design statement is, why it is a usefultool, when it is required and how it should be preparedand presented. The PAN seeks to ensure that localauthorities and applicants are clear about the role ofdesign statements. The Planning etc. (Scotland) Act 2006has made provision for design and access statements tobe prepared for certain types of developments. Thismeasure will come into effect during 2007/08 followingthe introduction of secondary legislation and guidance.These statements will outline the way in which issuesrelating to access for the disabled have been addressedand the design principles and concepts that have beenapplied.

THE WORK OF A+DSThe Architecture Policy Unit is the sponsor branch forA+DS, which, as an agent for change on the ground,performs a key role in the implementation of policy onarchitecture objectives. Its role is to champion excellencein architecture and the built environment and, throughthis, the organisation also acts to strongly support theobjectives of the Executive’s planning policy. As well asproviding general advice, its responsibilities encompassthe provision of support through Design Review, enablingand advocacy, and research and communication. Earlyfuture priorities for A+DS will be to:>>>>>support others in the development of policy andpractice in key areas such as regeneration;publish themed findings arising from DesignReview;work with local authorities, developers and otherbuilt environment interests to take forward theaims of ‘Designing Places’;promote best practice through case studyexamples; andhelp to take forward the sustainability agenda.A+DS will target more of its resources towards theemerging priorities of policy. Two new posts will beestablished in 2007 in relation to the work of A+DS,taking strategic roles with regard to broader building andplace-making agendas. The first of these will be will bethat of a co-ordinator between A+DS and the Executive.This post will focus on public sector projects, and willcreate and strengthen links between A+DS and a rangeof Executive policy areas. The second post will focus onhousing and regeneration, and will strengthen A+DSlinks with Communities Scotland and a range of otherhousing organisations. The more detailed plans of A+DSwill be set out in its forthcoming Corporate Plan, andthe Executive will also explore ways in which we cangive added weight to the organisation’s functions.DESIGN CHAMPIONSA focus on good design has been increasingly recognisedby Scottish local authorities as a prerequisite instrategies for the future development of our cities, andthe Executive encourages local authorities to appointDesign Champions at senior level. Design Championsare independent from project teams, and their remitis to promote design issues within the context of a publicauthority's wider policies on design, creativity, inclusionand urban regeneration. Every public sector clientprocuring a new building should now consider theopportunity to champion design and be open to innovativeapproaches that promote design quality. Edinburgh CityCouncil took a strong lead in pursuing this agendathrough the appointment of both a City Design Championand a salaried, full-time Design Leader. DesignChampion appointments by Glasgow City Council and FifeCouncil are further signs of the increasing importanceplaced on good design by local government. As morelocal authorities make similar appointments, we willinvestigate ways in which we might facilitate the creationof a Design Champions network to share experienceacross Scotland.There has also been increasing emphasis on the roleof Design Champions for specific building procurementprogrammes, and Design Champion appointments havenow become mandatory for NHSScotland Boards.16_17

HEALTHCARE BUILDINGSThe Scottish Executive Health Department (SEHD)recently published its ‘Policy on Design Quality forNHSScotland’. The purpose of the policy is to articulatethe Scottish Executive Health Department’s ambition forNHSScotland’s estate and to embed the need forwell-designed healthcare environments as an integralpart of service delivery.>>each NHSScotland Board must have a clear,articulated policy on design quality – a DesignAction Plan – consistent with the Department’spolicy; andeach NHSScotland Board must appoint amember of the NHS Board to act as DesignChampion at a strategic level and, where notimpractical, also a Senior Officer to act assupporting Design Champion at a technical level.Health buildings can often be the places in which we mayfeel at our most vulnerable and the policy recognises theneed for people-oriented, high quality caringenvironments which provide a sense of ease andreassurance. The SEHD policy refers to the increasingbody of evidence that principles of good design, such asintegration into the community and a sense of place,make a quantifiable positive impact on patients, visitorsand staff.The SEHD has also teamed up with A+DS to driveforward the design agenda with NHSScotland. A recentlyfinalised three-year Framework Agreement will allowa dedicated stream of work on healthcare facilities,thereby raising the level of ambition and design qualitythroughout NHSScotland. SEHD and A+DS havedeveloped a range of initiatives to assist NHSScotland inaddressing design quality issues in the procurement ofhealthcare building projects. These initiatives include:The policy document provides guidance on howNHSScotland Bodies can ensure that design quality isembedded within the healthcare building procurementprocess and places a number of mandatory requirementson the Bodies intended to assist in driving up designstandards. Among these mandatory requirements arethat:>>>>training and advocacy to support the introductionof Design Champions within every NHSScotlandBoard;enabling, by providing hands-on assistanceto a number of healthcare projects;carrying out assessments of the design meritsof significant projects to advise and inform themandatory project review processes; andthe production of two dedicated health facilitiespublications, detailing best practice andproviding case studies.A+DS Board member and architect, Gareth Hoskins, hasrecently been appointed as the National Champion forhealth building design. A Design Champions Network forNHSScotland was launched in November 2006 by theMinister for Health and Community Care.18_19

“WE KNOW THAT A WIDERANGE OF FACTORSCONTRIBUTE TO THEDELIVERY OF FIRST CLASSPATIENT CARE – AND THEQUALITY AND DESIGN OF OURBUILDINGS IS AN IMPORTANTPART OF THAT. PEOPLE DON’TCHOOSE TO SUFFERILL-HEALTH – BUT WHEN ITDOES HAPPEN, PROVIDINGCARE IN A COMFORTABLE ANDUPLIFTING ENVIRONMENTCAN HELP. IN ADDITION,BETTER BUILDINGS ARE GOODNEWS FOR STAFF AND HELPTO IMPROVE THEIR MORALE,RECRUITMENT ANDRETENTION.”Andy Kerr, Minister for Health and Community CareSCHOOL BUILDINGSThe Scottish Executive’s strategy on school buildings‘<strong>Building</strong> our Future: Scotland’s School Estate’ (2003)sets out a vision for a school estate that is well-built andwell-designed and that meets the needs of children, staffand communities both now and in the future. Asignificant number of new and refurbished schoolbuildings have been developed in the past five yearsacross Scotland and the process of modernising theSchool Estate continues with the current PPPprogramme which involves thirty local authorities andwill result in a significant number of new and refurbishedschools.A suite of guidance has been published by the Executiveto back up the delivery of this programme, including‘School Design’ (2003). This guidance highlights the needfor new or refurbished schools to take account ofpotential developments in education, and other servicesthat might be developed through schools, as well aswider changes such as new technology. Research hasshown that good design can add value to teaching andlearning, improve pupil performance and staff morale aswell as enhancing relationships between schools andwider communities. A well-designed school should serveits pupils, teachers and staff well and attract a positiveresponse from parents and the wider community. Thedevelopment of the school estate will continue with anew ‘<strong>Building</strong> Excellence’ programme, and publishedguidance on environmental design in school buildings.TEN FEATURES OF A WELL-

TEN FEATURES OF A WELL-DESIGNED SCHOOL>>>>>>>>>>GOOD CLEAR ORGANISATION, A CLEAR PLAN, AND FULLACCESSIBILITYSPACES THAT ARE WELL-PROPORTIONED, EFFICIENT, FIT FORPURPOSE AND MEET THE NEEDS OF USERSCIRCULATION THAT IS WELL ORGANISED, AND SUFFICIENTLYGENEROUSGOOD ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THROUGHOUT, INCLUDINGAPPROPRIATE LEVELS OF NATURAL LIGHT AND VENTILATIONATTRACTIVENESS IN DESIGN, COMPARABLE TO THAT FOUND INOTHER QUALITY PUBLIC BUILDINGSGOOD USE OF THE SITE, AND PUBLIC PRESENCE AS A CIVICBUILDINGATTRACTIVE EXTERNAL SPACES WITH A GOOD RELATIONSHIP TOINTERNAL SPACES AND OFFERING APPROPRIATE SECURITY AND AVARIETY OF DIFFERENT SETTINGSA LAYOUT THAT ENCOURAGES BROAD COMMUNITY ACCESS AND USEOUT OF HOURS, WHERE APPROPRIATEROBUST MATERIALS THAT ARE ATTRACTIVE, THAT WILL WEATHERAND WEAR WELL, AND THAT ARE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLYFLEXIBLE DESIGN THAT WILL FACILITATE CHANGES IN POLICY ANDTECHNOLOGY AND WHICH ALLOWS EXPANSION OR CONTRACTION INTHE FUTURE, WHERE APPROPRIATESCHOOL DESIGN <strong>Building</strong> our Future: Scotland’s School EstateScottish Executive, 200320_21

The Scottish Executive has also supported aprogramme of conferences, workshops and otherevents aimed at inspiring those involved in theschool building programme to raise their gameand deliver good quality environments that supportlearning and teaching. A series of sixteenweb-based case studies on recently built Scottishschools which highlight sustainable design featureshas now been completed for the Executive throughSust.The Future Learning and Teaching (FLaT)Programme ‘Design for Learning – the 21st CenturySchool’, delivered by The Lighthouse, has helpedgenerate innovative ideas for school buildingsand has explored ways to engage school pupilsin the design of their school environments.The Programme, which had a budget of £750,000over the last three years, has involved work inpartnership with a number of local authorities.At its heart, it has promoted a design-led approachto make the best use of available resources todeliver the School Estate. The Carlibar CommunityCampus case study on page 34 of this document isan example of work related to the FLaT programme.The 2004 FLaT publication ‘Design Strategies’recorded East Renfrewshire Council’s procurementapproach for this project through the commissioningof exemplar designs.<strong>Building</strong> upon this programme, we will now providesupport for an initiative enabling The Lighthouse tolook at similar promotion of the benefits ofparticipatory processes in other sectors.

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REGENERATIONRegeneration plays a crucial part in growing theeconomy, in improving the fabric of Scotland and inimproving the lives of Scotland’s most disadvantagedcommunities. The Executive’s Regeneration Policy<strong>Statement</strong> ‘People and Place’, published in February2006, sets a new and ambitious approach to regenerationin Scotland and outlines a range of actions for taking thisapproach forward. It provides a strategic frameworkthrough which we can work towards our aim that all ofour cities, towns and neighbourhoods should be placesthat are attractive to live, to work and to invest in. Webelieve that successful and sustainable regeneration isdependent not only on the quality of our newarchitecture, but also on realising the opportunitieswhich are provided by individual locations, their existingdistinctive buildings and structures – and creating placesof real character where people will want to live andmeet.The Executive has a range of policies, programmesand funding streams to support the economic, physicaland social transformation of specific places acrossthe country. As part of this, the Executive supportsfive Pathfinder Urban Regeneration Companies (URCs)in Scotland. Raploch URC in Stirling, Craigmillar URCin Edinburgh and Clydebank URC were established in2004. Following publication of the Regeneration Policy<strong>Statement</strong>, a further two Pathfinder URCs weredesignated in North Ayrshire and Inverclyde. TheExecutive is also working with Glasgow and SouthLanarkshire Councils, Scottish Enterprise andCommunities Scotland to establish a URC in the ClydeGateway area. A+DS will be working with the ClydeGateway, Riverside Inverclyde and Irvine Bay URCs tosupport the planning and delivery of well designed andbuilt regeneration projects.It is also the Executive’s intention to use our housinginvestment to stimulate good design across Scotland,helping to attract people to areas which they might nototherwise consider.PROCUREMENT‘Better Public <strong>Building</strong>s’ is a UK-wide initiative begun bythe Prime Minister in 2000. The initiative and its relatedawards aim to encourage public sector clients to drive upthe design quality of buildings that they procure. ‘BetterPublic <strong>Building</strong>s 2’ has recently been published,demonstrating the continued commitment to thisprogramme at a UK level.An increasingly complex set of procurement routes areopen to those who commission buildings, and each routepresents its own set of challenges in relation to designquality. What is important is that clients for public sectorprojects understand the contribution good design canmake to their project; that good design is not seen asan ‘optional extra’ and that the procurement process ismanaged so that they can secure the best possibleoutcome from the procurement process. The successof a project in design terms depends on the skills,commitment and partnership of all those involved but,crucially, public sector clients need to take the lead insetting out their aspirations at the start of the projectand ensuring that these aspirations are delivered andnot compromised.The Scottish Executive ‘Construction ProcurementManual’ provides the Executive's Departments,Associated Departments, Executive Agencies and most

sponsored bodies (as well as the Scottish ParliamentCorporate Body and the Forestry Commission inScotland) with mandatory policy and procedures forconstruction works projects.(http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Planning/<strong>Building</strong>/procurement-manual)The Manual (published in 2005) contains sectionson design quality and sustainability. The Executive’sConstruction Advice and Policy Division (CAPD) carriesout ongoing reviews of the Manual which will continueto consider and, where relevant to procurementmatters, reflect key issues emerging from policy onarchitecture initiatives and consultations.PUBLIC PRIVATEPARTNERSHIPS (PPP)A ‘well-managed’ PPP project has the potential to offergood value for money and good design. Every PPPprocurement involves a design competition as biddersoffer costed design solutions against an outputspecification issued by the public sector client and,where well-managed, a dialogue should ensue inwhich the best design solution emerges.We have seen that PPP has the potential to delivergood design, and there are a growing number ofexamples of this. However, we recognise that PPP ismore complex than traditional procurement methodsand that this process requires a client to beknowledgeable and organised in managing theprocess to unlock this potential, and to ensure thatwell-designed, fit for purpose facilities are theoutcome. Design criteria require to be very clearlyand strongly stated in the output specification andevaluation criteria for projects, and the developmentprocess requires to be very carefully managed so thatdesign does not become marginalised.An informed client, supported by specialist advisers,is essential to the success of any project, and werecognise that PPP has presented a greater challengefor public sector clients and that it requires a higherlevel of commitment from them. However, as themethodology has now been in place for some time,the legal and contractual issues have come to bebetter understood, and standardised documentationand better fitted processes have come into use. Publicsector clients are, thus, now better able to focus ondesign issues.In the development of schools procurement guidance,we have encouraged public sector clients to appointdesign advisers, to place greater investment in theearly stages of projects such as through thepreparation of reference schemes, and to build-in moretime for design. Recently, this has included a focus onenvironmental aspects of design and lifecycle costing,with technical assistance from the Carbon Trust appliedin a schools PPP project. We now wish to see theseprinciples applied more widely in the public sector.24_25

A+DS has a significant role to play in helping to pushup the design quality of buildings in Scotland. A keyelement of its work is in providing support to publicsector clients. Much of its present focus is onhealthcare buildings, but it is our intention that theorganisation will be in a position to offer advice to thewider public sector on how to secure good designoutcomes in PPP procurement.We will seek to foster a climate across public sectorPPP procurement, in which it is clearly recognised bybidders that quality of design is a key aspect of bidevaluation. There are an increasing number of gooddesign examples in PPP schemes, including theCarlibar community campus featured in the casestudies.<strong>Our</strong> aim is to continue to promote the importance ofgood building design in the public sector, irrespectiveof which procurement route is chosen. We will workwith A+DS and use our contacts with the PPP andconstruction market to take forward this dialogue andimprove mutual understanding of the standards sought.PUBLIC ARTWhen successfully implemented, artworks can help tocreate more distinctive and attractive buildings andurban spaces, and enhance the public's experience ofan architectural space. The Executive’s ConstructionProcurement Manual now advises that clients may wishto consider allocating a specific budget for the inclusionof artwork as an integral element of a project. In thisrespect, the manual also advises that it is best toconsider artwork from the start, when designs can bemost easily integrated into the overall design. Suchearly involvement can often contribute to the creationof a scheme with a distinctive character, and publicsector clients are advised that they may wish to seekspecialist advice from public art agencies with regardto including artwork within a project.The Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital highlightedon page 30 is an excellent example of the way inwhich public art can be integrated successfullyinto a healthcare environment. In recent years, theregeneration of the Gorbals area has successfullyintegrated an artworks programme which gives thearea a new sense of identity in a creative manner. TheHidden Gardens case study on page 60 also highlightsthe benefits of involving artists at an early stage.We will work closely with the Scottish Arts Council andits successor body Creative Scotland to help supportthe early involvement of artists in building projects.2014COMMONWEALTH GAMES BID<strong>Building</strong> design quality forms an important elementof Glasgow’s bid for the 2014 Commonwealth Games.Should the bid be successful, we wish to ensure thatthe legacy of the games is long-lasting in terms ofimprovements to the built environment. Plans havebeen developed for the bid to deliver the necessaryworld-class sporting facilities, including a high qualityathletes' village which is intended to act as a catalystin regenerating housing and transport infrastructurein Glasgow.

THE IMPORTANCEOF LANDSCAPEIn recent years there has been an increasingrecognition of the importance of landscape insuccessful architecture and place-making. Scotland’stopography and geology are inextricably linked to ourunderstanding of place and our best architecture old ornew has placed emphasis on this connection. The‘Landforms’ exhibition curated for the 2004 VeniceBiennale explored the relationship between recentlycompleted projects and their setting. The ScottishParliament is an outstanding example of the way inwhich the fusion between landscape and architecturecan be exploited to great effect. The Maggies CancerCaring Centres, including the Inverness Centre whichrecently won the 2006 RIAS Doolan Award, make avirtue of their connection to landscape and the way inwhich this can contribute to and enhance the supportiveand nurturing ethos of the Centres.We will, therefore, work with the Landscape Forum,the Landscape Institute, Greenspace Scotland, SNHand other agencies to explore ways in which ourunderstanding of landscape and greenspace can bebuilt into the future direction of policy. To this end,an international forum on landscape carried out inpartnership with Architectuur Lokaal from theNetherlands together with A+DS, The Lighthouseand the Landscape Institute Scotland will take placein Spring 2007.POLICY ON ARCHITECTUREPROGRESS GROUPThe Policy on Architecture Progress Group wasestablished by the Minister for Tourism, Culture andSport in 2004. The principal aims of the Group are toinform Executive decisions on initiatives to take forwardthe implementation of policy commitments, and toprovide a platform to assist in the co-ordination ofinitiatives between built environment bodies inScotland. The Group comprises key Scottish builtenvironment bodies and representatives from acrossExecutive Departments, and has been closely involvedin the work of developing this statement.The work of the Group will continue, allowing it to feedinto the development of more detailed actions derivingfrom this statement. The Group will also monitor thesuccess of actions taken and will continue to provide anetworking forum and links with external organisations.ARCHITECTURE POLICY UNITThe Architecture Policy Unit, led by the Chief Architect,will continue to carry out a co-ordinating role onarchitecture and building design quality issues acrossExecutive Departments and to develop stronger linkswith external bodies. The recent reinstatement of thepost of Chief Architect is a recognition of theimportance of the policy area to Ministers.DESIRED OUTCOME OFLEADERSHIP AND DELIVERYPROGRAMMEEXECUTIVE REGARDED ASEXEMPLAR CLIENT IN FIVEYEARS’ TIME AND INCREASEDAWARENESS OF, ANDCOMMITMENT TO,PLACE-MAKING26_27

CASE STUDYURBAN REGENERATION/PUBLIC SPACECLYDEBANK RE-BUILTClydebank Re-built is a partnership formed by West Dunbartonshire Council and Scottish EnterpriseDunbartonshire. It is an organisation dedicated to developing the Clydebank area, its economy,environment, buildings and society. It works with many different organisations and groups andespecially those people who own much of the riverside land. Its board members include people fromthe Clydebank community, local politicians, Scottish Enterprise and local businesses. They all sharea desire to make a real difference to the area; to position Clydebank as a creative, distinctive andsuccessful regional centre within the Glasgow Metropolitan area.Clydebank Re-built has developed an ambitious long term vision for regeneration until 2010 whichsets out a detailed working programme to rejuvenate nearly 170 acres, including the town centre,Carless and Queens Quay, with the focal point being the town’s Titan Crane. Its work encompassesa wide range of elements including hard landscaping, the creation of a series of new gateways tothe town, the establishment of a family of attractive new signage and improvement of the centralreservation all the way from Yoker through to Solidarity Plaza.£7 million funding from the Scottish Executive was allocated in 2004 to help begin the process ofcreating investor confidence in the area, and is intended to ultimately create better jobs andprospects for local people through the provision of new housing, improved transport andenvironmental improvements.

IT WORKS WITH MANY DIFFERENTORGANISATIONS AND GROUPSAND ESPECIALLY THOSE PEOPLE WHO OWNMUCH OF THE RIVERSIDE LAND28_29

CASE STUDYPUBLIC ARTROYAL ABERDEEN CHILDREN’S HOSPITALThe Lottery-funded artworks at the Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital (RACH) receivedthe Saltire Society's Arts and Crafts in Architecture Award in 2005. The award recognisesan outstanding five-year collaboration involving local school children, staff, the designteam, contractors, Grampian Hospital Arts Trust, public art agency PACE,and fifteen artists from throughout the UK.NHS Grampian is responsible for the development of RACH. Its intention was to collaboratewith artists from the outset to enhance the healing environment, and the result is publicart in architecture that is truly integrated. The contributions from the artists combinedvisual and physical interest with educative elements and fun; drawing on images of locallandscapes, places, maps and wildlife, locations suggested by staff, patients and visitors,information about the body and drawings by children. Interest and delight has been woventhrough the fabric of the building, its furniture, signage, external spaces, and lightingeffects.A second phase of the project is presently underway.

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CASE STUDYTRANSFORMING HIGHER EDUCATIONSALTIRE CENTRE, GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITYThe Saltire Centre is designed to foster learning as a conversational and social processas well as providing appropriate environments for individual learning, and café culturehas been a strong reference in the design of the building’s social spaces.The form of the building responds to students’ different and changing learning styles whilstrecognising that these can also vary according to the nature of tasks. The architects, BDP,have provided a multiplicity of micro environments ranging across a spectrum of open,flexible and cellular spaces. Areas are often defined by furniture and the expected behaviourin spaces is further signalled by use of colour, audio signing and graphic design.In its services mall, a combined desk provides a single point of access to information,easing the understanding and use of the building by new students and the lifelong learningcommunity. It is a strong example of the way in which architecture can significantly supportlearning processes and, critically, it is also an example of the importance of a committedclient, developing a detailed and well-informed brief with an ambition to provide aninspirational learning environment.

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PPP SCHOOL DESIGN/STAKEHOLDERCONSULTATION/SUSTAINABILITY/ARTWORKCARLIBAR COMMUNITY CAMPUS, EAST RENFREWSHIRECarlibar Community Campus is a new-build primary school with additional community facilities including a nursery, aPre-School Assessment and Development Unit, a Language and Communication Unit and community/adult supportservices. The project, with a design team led by JM Architects, is part of East Renfrewshire Council’s current PPPprogramme developed by HBG Construction Ltd. as contractors. The school building previously in use, in addition to beingin poor condition, was not suitable to meet the curricular needs of the specialist communication units within the school.Redevelopment on the existing site was not viable and a new site was selected which already housed a community facility,and which sat within mature parkland owned by the Council.The brief was to design and construct a facility with civic presence that would reflect the aspirations of the Council inrelation to attainment, achievement and inclusion. Exemplar designs for each of the East Renfrewshire PPP schoolswere commissioned by the Council prior to the Bid process to ensure that there was an understanding of aspirations andexpectations for their school projects. The exemplar designs were prepared by Elder and Cannon Architects and, togetherwith the other East Renfrewshire projects, the final design for Carlibar Community Campus was based predominantly onthese designs. This approach provided an opportunity for both the client and users to work closely with design specialistsand to gain valuable insights into issues that they might not otherwise have been given time to explore in detail. This enabledspecific design guidance to be included by detailed design and functional briefing documents as part of the PPP bid process.The design brief required a low energy, naturally ventilated building, and high quality day-lighting is provided throughout.The school plan facilitates circulation, and the double-height dining area acts as an orientation point for the campus.Circulation is easily managed through the school from the point of entry to the communication units, nursery areas, andcommunity facilities. The school grounds are aesthetically designed and include a garden area for pupils to address issuescontained in Grounds for Learning and Eco Schools.The Council undertook extensive consultation with stakeholders (parents, local residents, pupils, staff, and unions) atregular intervals from the initial design brief through to construction over a period of four years. As part of the process,pupils were involved in a number of workshops including working with four artists to design and produce four pieces ofpermanent art work for the new school building. The building is a community school in every sense, and includes asynthetic ball park/multi-use games area, a four-court games hall, a dance studio, a theatre facility, internet cafe, specialistart, science, and music rooms, an adult centre, with sufficient parking to serve all of these. As a result of the high level ofinvolvement of the users, and the attention give to design issues in the development of the project, feedback from staff,pupils, and the community has been overwhelmingly positive.The success of the project derives from a fully integrated approach to design quality, and demonstrates the benefits thatcan be derived from using exemplar designs within a PPP contract. Taken together, the various elements of the processcan inform other similar or less complex school projects.

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2. CULTURAL CONTEXTPROVIDING A SUPPORTIVE CLIMATE FORDEBATE ON ARCHITECTURE AND ANAPPRECIATION OF THE ROLE THATARCHITECTURE PLAYS IN SOCIETY;THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF COMMUNITYINVOLVEMENTFrom the outset, the Executive’s policy on architecturehas acknowledged that architecture has a deep culturalvalue and a resonance that goes beyond the functionalneeds of any particular building programme. In order tocreate a climate in which good design in the builtenvironment is the rule rather than the exception, weneed to continue to raise public awareness of the valueof good design, and to encourage greater interest, debateand involvement in built environment issues. An engagedand informed public is more likely to be discerning anddemanding about the quality of environment it uses andby which it is surrounded.Good design encompasses cultural ideas as well as thephysical reality of buildings and we constantly need todebate, discuss and analyse the complex relationship thatwe have with our surroundings. We may ask ourselvesquestions such as: “Are we meeting our needs?”, “Are webuilding at the right quality and in the right places?”,“What are the future generators and drivers affecting thebuilt environment?” and “How do we meet the needs ofan ageing population?” There are no easy answersto these and other questions about our buildings andour relationship to them, but the programme of activityset out in this section can provide the catalyst for thatimportant debate.RAISING AWARENESSSince 2001, the Executive has supported a diverse rangeof initiatives driven by the aim of engaging a wide publicaudience in a debate about architecture, the builtenvironment and the ways in which they shape our lives.The major delivery vehicle of this has been the NationalProgramme on Architecture, developed and managedby The Lighthouse, Scotland’s Centre for ArchitectureDesign and the City. The programme has, through seriesof activities, events, exhibitions and publications set outto challenge, inform, and inspire.36_37

SINCE 2001, THE NATIONAL PROGRAMME HAS:>>>>>>>>MOUNTED 15 EXHIBITIONS, SEVEN OF WHICH HAVETOURED TO 12 VENUES IN SCOTLAND AND FOURINTERNATIONALLY TO CATALONIA, FRANCE, GERMANY,ITALY AND THE NETHERLANDS;ATTRACTED OVER 200,000 VISITORS TO NATIONALPROGRAMME EXHIBITIONS;INVOLVED 725 PARTICIPANTS IN EDUCATIONALWORKSHOPS AND ACTIVITIES (INCLUDING 420 SCHOOLCHILDREN);HOSTED FIVE SEMINARS AND GENERATED 26 TALKS,ATTRACTING OVER 1,100 PARTICIPANTS;EMPLOYED OVER 50 CREATIVE INDUSTRIESPROFESSIONALS;PROFILED OVER 130 CREATIVE INDUSTRIESPROFESSIONALS;FUNDED 33 PROJECTS THROUGH THE INNOVATION FUND;ANDRECEIVED OVER FIVE MILLION HITS TOSCOTTISHARCHITECTURE.COM.38_39

THE ACCESS TOARCHITECTURE CAMPAIGNWe will build on the work of the National Programmeby further investing in a new ACCESS to Architecturecampaign, managed and delivered by The Lighthouse.The campaign will replace the existing NationalProgramme, and will have two key strands. Firstly, therewill be a celebration and promotion of the best newarchitecture, young talent, emerging trends and topicsfor debate by means of exhibitions, publications, digitalresources and other events. Secondly, there will be anewly developed programme of outreach and communityengagement aimed at bringing the debate aboutarchitecture into the heart of local communitiesthroughout Scotland. In order to have the widest possibleimpact and provide long-term benefits, a key objectivewill be to actively engage a range of organisations andnetworks, both at a local and national level, in thedevelopment and delivery of the ACCESS campaign.EXHIBITIONSAlthough the nature of content will respond to changedpriorities, the structure of the exhibition programmewill continue to be based around its present threecomponents:>>>Keynote exhibitionsArchitecture in Scotland exhibitions‘SIX’ Student Award exhibitionsKeynote exhibitions examine, explore and respond toinfluences on the past and future development ofScottish architecture. These action-based, researchexhibitions, which are accessible and interactive, aredesigned to engage as wide an audience as possible.The biennial exhibitions open in The Lighthouse,and then tour nationally and internationally. They arecomplemented and enhanced by seminars, publicationsand related educational material.2006 NORTHERN CITY –EDINBURGHRE-PRESENTED THROUGH4 PIECES OF WORK2005 6000 MILES – OURRELATIONSHIP WITH THECOASTLINE AND HOW ITCOULD DEVELOP2004 LANDFORMS –ARCHITECTURE SINCEDEVOLUTION SHOWNTHROUGH 12 PROJECTS2004 FIELDTRIP – BUILDINGSAND LANDSCAPEEXAMINED THROUGHFIVE ROUTES2003 COMMON-PLACE –PLACES WE SHARE FROMTHE INTIMATE TO THEEXPANSIVE2002 ANATOMY OF THE HOUSE– DIVERSITY OF HOUSINGEXAMINED THROUGH FIVECASE STUDIES

Architecture in Scotland exhibitions highlight our bestnew architecture, illustrating themes emerging from theseries of biennial reviews of Scottish architecturedescribed below. The exhibitions feature the best urban,suburban and rural architecture and landscape projectsin Scotland and reflect the diversity of building projects inScotland today, from large-scale commercialdevelopments to small–scale housing.‘SIX’ Student Award exhibitions: The annual exhibitionand awards, in collaboration with the Royal Incorporationof Architects in Scotland (RIAS), offer a rare opportunityto see the best work of students from all six of Scotland’sSchools of Architecture together. The single focus andhigh profile of the awards offers an excellent opportunityfor the public and profession to view the standard ofstudent work.FUTURE EXHIBITIONSIn the development of our new exhibitions, we willrespond to priorities suggested in the consultation,such as providing a platform for the work of youngand emerging practices. We will also now explore waysin which the ‘SIX’ annual exhibition, promoting the bestof our student work, might be developed and expanded.Over the past five years, the exhibition programme hasengaged a wide audience both here at home and abroad,and several exhibitions created in collaboration withleading Scottish designers have won awards for thequality of their production. Visitor surveys at keynoteexhibitions have been extremely positive and stronglysubstantiate our view that we have found a balancebetween what is challenging and what is accessible. Webelieve it to be important that these exhibitions continueto be both thought provoking and accessible.PUBLICATIONSWe have, in partnership with The Lighthouse and,more recently, with the involvement of RIAS and A+DS,published three biennial reviews of Scottish architectureand urban and landscape design. These publications areimportant in their provision of a chronological record ofthe architectural highlights of the period they cover but,more importantly, provide a platform for debate aroundemerging themes in Scottish architecture. In 2008, thebiennial review will celebrate emerging talent in Scottisharchitecture. The Lighthouse has also built up a strongtrack record in publications which have complementedthe keynote exhibitions since the inception of the NationalProgramme. <strong>Our</strong> commitment to develop affordablepublications of an outstanding quality, which broadenawareness and interest in Scottish architecture, willcontinue.DIGITAL RESOURCESLaunched in 2002, scottisharchitecture.com has fastbecome a national on-line resource for Scottisharchitecture and the built environment. It focuses onshowcasing the very best of Scottish architecture throughnews items, featured projects, virtual exhibitions andtours. It also acts as a portal to other relevant sites,with dedicated links.Accessibility to National Programme exhibitions hasbeen improved by creating interactive, virtual versionsof Architecture in Scotland, keynote and ‘SIX’ exhibitions.The ‘virtual’ gallery enables people to enjoy the contentwho, because of limited mobility or other reasons, cannotmanage to visit the exhibition locations. In response tothe public consultation, it is our intention that outreachwill be an issue of increasing importance on40_41

scottisharchitecture.com as well as in the wider ACCESSto Architecture campaign. In future, the website will beactive in call outs for views, comments and content forexhibitions, creating a dynamic hub for discussion anddebate.The website www.sust.org provides on-line access toreports, documents and case studies on many initiativesin the Sust. programme. This is a unique web resourcegiving access to a wide variety of information, resourcesand guidance on sustainability. To ensure thatsustainable design is more widely accepted, clients andprofessionals need access to useful and practical toolsand techniques. However, whilst parts of the site areaimed at professionals such as architects and designers,other sections are more general and will be of interest toanyone wishing to know more about this subject. The sitebrings together an overview of some of the key projectsthat Sust. has supported since its inception in 2002, witha focus on supporting the delivery and mainstreaming ofsustainable building design. www.sust.org summarisesall of the projects undertaken over the last four yearsand is developing into a one stop shop for access tosustainability resources in Scotland.One of the most significant digital resources underdevelopment is a web-based Green Directory. This isbeing designed and populated in association with theScottish Ecological Design Association (SEDA), andcontains details of ecological products and servicesavailable in Scotland and elsewhere in the UK, Europeand Worldwide. The Green Directory is the first suchresource in Scotland and, when complete, it will providearchitects and design specifiers with access to valuabletools and resources that will help implement sustainabledesign. Each entry is referenced according to geographiclocation to help users to source materials as locally aspossible and although not mandatory, detailedsustainability/ecological credentials are requested oneach product to allow manufacturers the opportunity tofully promote the greenest products.‘MY SUST HOUSE’, A “BEAUTIFULLYDESIGNED AND ENGAGING” GAME,WHICH WAS DEVISED ANDCOMMISSIONED BY SUST. ANDDESIGNED BY SCREENMEDIAAND JOHN GILBERT ARCHITECTS,SCOOPED THE BEST INTERACTIVEMEDIA AWARD IN THE 2006SCOTTISH 2006 SCOTTISH BAFTAS.AIMED AT YOUNG PEOPLE AGEDBETWEEN 9 AND 13 ‘MY SUSTHOUSE’ INTRODUCES ISSUESOF SUSTAINABILITY IN THE BUILTENVIRONMENT IN A FUN ANDFRIENDLY WAY. IT CAN BE PLAYEDEITHER INDIVIDUALLY OR AS AGROUP.OUTREACHFrom regular visitor surveys, we know that the NationalProgramme has succeeded in attracting an audiencefrom varied backgrounds to The Lighthouse exhibitionsand events. Many respondents to the consultationsuggest, however, that we must not only aim to enlargethe audience for exhibitions and publications but that we

should further expand the engagement and outreachof the programme. In order to engage a broader rangeof people and communities across Scotland in their builtenvironment, the new ACCESS to Architecture campaignwill bring together the existing Community Programmeand Innovation Fund to develop a series of residencies,to create a mobile architecture facility, and to provide afocus on building networks aimed at creating localarchitecture centres which will complement the nationalrole of the Lighthouse. The Community Programmecarried out over the last five years by The Lighthousecomprised a number of projects involving people in theirlocal environments. This past work with localcommunities has, however, been for very short periods oftime on location, and we can envisage greater potentiallong term benefits through more in-depth engagement.To support and co-ordinate the new outreachprogramme, a full time Outreach Officer post hasrecently been created at The Lighthouse. The aim ofthis post is to:>>>>assist the establishment of sustainable localnetworks to create a dynamic and participativescene around architecture and built environmentissues and opportunities throughout Scotland;support a series of residences with localcommunities on current issues and developtools, techniques and processes for communityengagement that are transferable;develop a mobile architecture centre to visitcommunities around Scotland and provide a focalpoint for The Lighthouse‘s outreach programme;anddevelop a more long-lasting series oflocally-based architecture centres andresources.AWARDSWe view awards and recognition as a way of highlightingand celebrating excellence as well as generating debatearound the concept of architectural quality. Following theuntimely death of Andrew Doolan in 2004, we joined inpartnership with the RIAS to ensure that the RIAS DoolanAward for Best <strong>Building</strong> in Scotland continued its role inrecognising outstanding achievement. We will continue tocontribute £15,000 annually to the award. The shortlist often projects for the 2006 Award illustrates the high qualityof Scotland’s best new architecture and the importance ofour continued support for this award.We will also continue to support the annual LighthouseAchievement Award, which acknowledges exemplaryachievement and important contributions to architectureand the built environment in its broadest sense. TheAchievement Award recognises not only architects, butalso people who have contributed to architecture inScotland in other ways such as writers, educationalistsand filmmakers.The Executive also supports the annual Saltire SocietyHousing Awards scheme to highlight the best new housingfrom both the public and private sectors. To mark the 70thAnniversary of the Saltire Society’s Housing Awardscheme, we will support the curation of an exhibitionreviewing the housing trends over this period.PLANNING AWARDSThe Scottish Awards for Quality in Planning aim to raisequality in the planning process. The annual awardsscheme is now in its tenth year. Nominations are invited infour categories: Development Planning, Development42_43

Management, Development on the Ground andCommunity Involvement. Linked to the Scottish Awardsfor Quality in Planning is the ‘Designing Places’ StudentAward. Students are invited to submit urban designwork that has been carried out as part of thecurriculum on a planning course.FESTIVALS AND EVENTSThe first Six Cities Design Festival will be a three-weeklong series of events in May and June 2007, held acrossall six Scottish cities, and developed and delivered byThe Lighthouse. Supported by Executive funding of£3 million, the Festival is a key part of a wider initiativeto raise awareness of the contribution of design andcreativity, including architecture, in enabling Scottishbusinesses to compete at the highest levelinternationally. The Festival aims to engage the publicin a celebration of Scottish and international designachievement, providing Scottish businesses with aspecial opportunity to see the economic benefits thatdesign can deliver, and to identify areas where trainingand skills are most needed. The education programmesplanned with schools, colleges and universities willhelp to ensure that Scotland nurtures the design talentof the future.The Six Cities Design Festival can also address severalof the issues raised in the UK-wide ‘Cox Review onCreativity in Business’ published in December 2005 byHM Treasury. Against a background of rapidly changingglobal markets, there is a growing recognition of thevalue of design innovation as an increasingly importantfactor in national competitiveness. The Six Cities DesignFestival has a strategic business and educationalfunction. Through raising awareness of the value ofdesign to successful business, providing opportunitiesto create networks and promoting interest in creativeindustry careers, it offers the opportunity to make asignificant contribution to a stronger economic futurefor Scotland. The Festival also aims to attract broadpublic engagement in a celebration of Scottish andinternational design achievement.INTERNATIONALWhen the European Forum on Architecture Policiescame to the UK in 2005 as part of the UK Presidencyof the European Union, we agreed with the other areasof UK Government that Scotland should host the event.This enabled us to show representatives of many otherEuropean governments what we are doing in policy,to share ideas, and to gauge the level of interest inScottish architecture abroad. We were encouraged inthis respect by strong signs of increased internationalawareness of the quality of architecture in Scotland.Where our International Division is involved in thepromotion of Scotland through participation ininternational events, our approach has been to lookat ways that we can contribute usefully, throughintegrating architecture into wider Executiveprogrammes. We thus built a strong architecturecomponent into Entente Cordiale, Scotland withCatalonia, the Venice and Rotterdam Biennales anda number of other international events. Based on theeffectiveness of this experience, we will continue totake this approach.

Scotland has four World Heritage Sites, and architectureis a significant element in two of them. This means thatspecial care is taken to ensure the highest quality ofdesign, particularly within the Old and New Towns ofEdinburgh. It also means that Scotland must learn from,and set an example to, sites of outstanding universalvalue world-wide.The Executive provides support for European HeritageDays and other European initiatives organised by theScottish Civic Trust and funded via Historic Scotland.These are very well-attended, and we believe that suchinitiatives offer excellent opportunities for the public toengage with and appreciate architecture, both old andnew.DESIRED OUTCOME OFCULTURAL PROGRAMMEINCREASED DEMAND FOR A BETTERQUALITY BUILT ENVIRONMENT; A WIDERAND HIGHER LEVEL OF COMMUNITYENGAGEMENT; AND THE ESTABLISHMENTOF LOCAL NETWORKS44_45

CASE STUDYCULTURE AND REGENERATION/PUBLICSPACE/SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIESTHE BRIDGE ARTS CENTRE, EASTERHOUSE, GLASGOWThe Bridge Arts Centre, designed by Gareth Hoskins Architects, is a community-based centre for arts andlearning activities. The project underscores the key premise of Glasgow City Council’s cultural strategy, which isthat culture is central to improving the life of both locals and visitors. Through the care taken in its brief and itsdesign, the project also acts to strongly substantiate the Council’s belief that it is the quality of delivery which isessential to realising this vision.Among the many facilities provided by the new building are a theatre, library, dance studio, recording studios,visual arts spaces and a café. It also provides a base for the new National Theatre of Scotland. A central featureof the design is that it both links and enhances two adjacent facilities - the Easterhouse swimming pool andJohn Wheatley College. The architect has responded to the angles and varying levels in the gap between thesetwo buildings as opportunities, creating elegantly articulated external and internal public spaces of varyingdegrees of grandeur and intimacy – and bringing opportunities for pleasant social interaction to within an areaof the neighbourhood that is largely vehicle dominated. The skilful use of natural light throughout the buildingis an important element in its success as a pleasant place to be and to meet. The aptly entitled “Bridge”reflects both its many physical links and the opportunities for social and artistic linkages which the buildingoffers.Also of interest is the co-ordination between the creation of the new centre and the management of the existingfacilities - John Wheatley College now provides training and courses within the centre. The swimming pool hasalso been fully refurbished – contributing to further raising of the collective standard of the services providedfor the community.The project will make a significant difference to the social and cultural life of Easterhouse. Through its clientcommitment to this and other recent cultural buildings, Glasgow City Council is demonstrating the importancethat it places upon the links between cultural participation, economic regeneration and enhanced opportunityin the development of sustainable communities.

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CASE STUDYARCHITECTURE, LANDSCAPEAND THE HEALING PROCESSTHE MAGGIE’S CENTRESThe Maggie’s Cancer Caring Centres demonstrate the way in which architecture and landscape can providehealthcare environments that positively affect the healing process and which improve lives. Leading architectshave been involved in each design, and the quality of the architecture and setting of each of the Maggie’s Centres isfundamental to its success.The Maggie’s Centres and the Maggie’s Registered Charity are named after the late Maggie Keswick Jencks, wifeof the architecture critic and landscape designer Charles Jencks (who designed the gardens at the InvernessMaggie’s). Her own experience of receiving treatment for cancer led her to pursue and help to realise her vision forthe Centres. She wished to see the creation of special, welcoming places which would provide psychologicalsupport, information about treatment and learning strategies to cope with stress. The building environments sheenvisaged had to be uplifting; special in their design and domestic in scale - and the relationships between theMaggie’s Centres and their carefully designed gardens would be vitally important in providing a calming, positivehealing environment.Maggie Keswick Jencks convinced her medical team that such places were needed. A team of committed healthprofessionals, friends and family spearheaded the creation of the first Centre, designed by Richard Murphy, in thegrounds of the Western General Hospital in Edinburgh in 1996. Since that time, NHS Trusts across the UK haveasked Maggie’s to create new Centres for their own cancer hospitals. Five Centres have been completed to date inScotland. In Dundee, there is a Maggie’s Centre designed by Frank Gehry; Centres in Glasgow and Inverness havebeen designed by Page and Park and, most recently, the Centre in Kirkcaldy was designed by Zaha Hadid.The Maggie's caring philosophy and the design of each centre combine to create environments which allowpatients to feel as comfortable as possible whilst they deal with tremendously difficult circumstances in their lives.The Centres demonstrate a value that can be provided by architecture and landscape in relation to health andquality of life which is beyond measure.

LEADING ARCHITECTS HAVE BEENINVOLVED IN EACH DESIGNAND THE QUALITY OF THE ARCHITECTURE AND SETTING OF EACH OF THE MAGGIE’S CENTREIS FUNDAMENTAL TO ITS SUCCESS48_49

CASE STUDYCULTURAL IDENTITYSCOTTISH STORYTELLING CENTREPositioned next to John Knox House on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh, Malcolm Fraser Architects’ design for theScottish Storytelling Centre sits in one of the most sensitive historic locations in Scotland.The design approach is underpinned by deep research into the history of the former Netherbow building on thesite and the wider history of the surrounding area. Growing from this level of understanding, layers of symbolismrefer to past forms and uses, and the architects mesh ideas of historic gateways to the city with ideas ofgateways to culture. The result is an unashamedly modern building which responds to both its internal functionsand its context with great sensitivity, as befits the cultural traditions which it houses and the World Heritagestatus of the location.

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A NEW TWO STREAM SCHOOLWHICH FORMS PARTOF THE EDINBURGH SCHOOLSPPP PROJECTS

3. EDUCATION, SKILLS AND ADVOCACYENSURING THAT WE HAVE THEAPPROPRIATE SKILLS, TOOLS ANDSUPPORT MECHANISMS TO TACKLEBARRIERS TO HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTThrough our experience of policy delivery and policyreview, it is clear that there are presently a number ofbarriers to high quality development which either resultfrom poor availability of training and appropriatelytargeted information or are attitudinal in nature. Webelieve that we can move some way towards addressingquality issues by putting in place measures which willhelp to overcome these barriers.We will develop a programme of action, part of whichwill focus on skills development and will include, forinstance, design-related training programmes forplanners. Using a similar approach to its current workwith NHSScotland, the A+DS Enabling programme will beused to strengthen the skills and vision of other clientsand developers. We will also use exemplars and casestudies to demonstrate and communicate best practice.We will explore opportunities for new partnershipswith key built environment organisations such as, inparticular, Homes for Scotland, to focus on key issuesrelating to housing design and layout.BUILDING CAPACITY WITHINCOMMUNITIESScottish Ministers wish to enable the people of Scotlandto be involved in decisions which affect them, and whichimpact upon their built environment. To support this aim,we wish to ensure that people have both theopportunities and the necessary skills to participateactively. We believe that community involvement cansignificantly benefit the quality of design outcomes, asthe people that have a connection with or will use abuilding can provide important knowledge about how itcan and should be used. We are currently modernisingour planning system to promote early and broad-basedengagement in the formulation of planning policy anddecision-making because we believe that communityengagement in the built environment needs to happen atthe earliest stage possible, and has to be meaningful.“Community” can signify many different things todifferent people; it may, for instance, mean a communityof location, or a community of building users. Throughour architecture policy and related programmes of work,we wish to build capacity within communities across52_53

Scotland, encouraging an active interest in local builtenvironments and equipping people with basic skillsand knowledge to become engaged in issues affectingthem. It is our intention that the greatly increased focuson outreach within the new ACCESS to Architecturecampaign will make a significant contribution to aculture of knowledge and confidence. We will identifyand attempt to overcome barriers to engagement inthe built environment, focusing on involving particulargeographical communities, harder to reach demographicgroups and communities with an interest in specificaspects of the built environment. Through ourprogramme of exhibitions, we will continue to raiseawareness and debate about architecture and the builtenvironment.BUILDING ‘UP’ CONNECTIONSFor young people, learning about the built environmentcan be a rich and inspiring experience; it providesopportunities to explore, understand and appreciateScotland’s past and present; it provides the knowledgeto engage in debate about local and national issues; andit can raise aspirations for what we build now and in thefuture. Ultimately, we want to inspire young people todemand more from the buildings around them and tosee the rich and a varied career opportunities that thebuilt environment has to offer. Learning about the builtenvironment also offers chances for young people toacquire new skills for life and work, allowing Scotlandto grow our already rich base of talent, engaged inpreserving, designing and constructing at home andabroad.The built environment provides many opportunitiesto support curriculum learning. Early in policyimplementation, we worked with Learning and TeachingScotland (LTS) to develop the ‘<strong>Building</strong> Connections’document and CD ROM, providing guidance for teacherson the use of the built environment to inform curriculumsubjects and other national priorities for education. Tofollow up on this work, www.buildingconnections.co.ukwas developed with The Lighthouse as a major resourcefor teachers and schoolchildren on the builtenvironment. <strong>Building</strong> Connections brings togethereducational resources, ideas and case studies fromorganisations, individuals, schools and local authoritiesacross Scotland, and all content is appropriate for thecurriculum in Scottish schools.Respondents to the consultation on policy showed strongcontinued support for working with young people toimprove knowledge and raise aspirations. We believe thatinvestment in young people will reap long-term rewardsfor Scotland’s built environment and work in this areawill, therefore, be an important aspect of the next phaseof policy implementation.In March 2007, The Lighthouse will host a ‘<strong>Building</strong> UpConnections’ Conference, bringing together a range ofprofessionals with an interest in young people, learningand skills, and the built environment in Scotland. This isan opportunity to explore new approaches to engagingyoung people in the built environment, and we hope touse the conference as a catalyst to establish a moreregular forum to bring together these professionalinterests.In light of ‘A Curriculum for Excellence’, the ongoingreview of the 3-18 curriculum in Scotland, it is ourintention to update and enhance the materials availableon the <strong>Building</strong> Connections website and work withpartners to explore the best way of supporting andmaintaining this resource in to the future. We will alsowork to improve awareness of the website and its

associated materials, and will actively promote thisresource with local authorities and the teachingprofession.DESIGNS ON MY LEARNINGThe three-year ‘Design for Learning: 21st CenturySchools’ project was initiated in 2003 to generate ideasfor buildings that inspire and motivate teachers andpupils to maximise their individual and collectiveeducational potential. The project, which is part of theExecutive’s Future Learning and Teaching (FLaT)programme, brought together primary and secondaryschoolchildren plus other key stakeholders in Scotland'sschool estates with architects, designers and othercreative professionals to work on a number of live pilotprojects linked to school design. Managed by TheLighthouse, the team worked with ten Councils acrossScotland on different projects related to specific schoolsites. ‘Design for Learning’ has generated andimplemented new ideas about the way in which webuild, renovate and use school buildings in order toraise educational achievement, promote sustainabledevelopment and support a culture of lifelong learningwithin local communities. Sust. works very closely withthese initiatives on matters such as training and theintegration of sustainability into the National Programmeand FLaT.The ‘Design for Learning’ project has illustrated thepowerful role that school users can play in the designprocess and has allowed a number of young people toacquire new skills which we hope, in the long run, willequip them to become better engaged in their wider builtenvironment or perhaps even stimulate them to follow acareer in this field. We are now building on this work todevelop a ‘Designs on My Learning’ project over the nexttwo years which will seek to effect wider involvement ofyoung people in school design and encourage greaterengagement of professionals in participatory processes.‘Designs on My Learning’ guidance on involving youngpeople in school design has been recently publishedand can be downloaded from The Lighthouse website.(http://www.thelighthouse.co.uk/downloads/Flatdocument.pdf)HIGHER EDUCATION‘At Home in the City’ was a year long competition projectin which senior students from the Strathclyde andMackintosh Schools of Architecture addressed housingissues in the Gallowgate area of Glasgow. The projectwas managed by The Lighthouse as part of the NationalProgramme and explored ways for Schools ofArchitecture to engage with local communities in theirteaching programmes. We believe that such links withHigher Education are very important and intend toexplore further possible relationships with Universitydepartments. RCAHMS is presently collaborating withStrathclyde University on a research studentship to studythe New Town of Cumbernauld.EMERGING TALENTThe quality of Scotland’s built heritage reflects thestrength and depth of our architects and designersover the centuries. We recognise, however, that we mustsupport and promote both our students and our youngpractices to allow emerging talent to grow. We havelooked for ways to work with the RIAS to support studentwork and have developed the ‘SIX’ Student Awardsscheme mentioned above (Section 2), as a partnershipbetween the RIAS and the National Programme. As wellas continuing to fund the annual ‘SIX’ Awards scheme,we will focus on emerging talent as the key theme forthe ACCESS to Architecture campaign in 2008-09.54_55

RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGEIn the past five years the Executive’s Architecture PolicyUnit has commissioned a number of benchmarkingstudies into the impact of the architecture policy.In order to ensure a long-term strategic approach forExecutive-funded research projects related to the builtenvironment, APU will establish a new NationalReference Group on research. The Group will aim toidentify current research, evidence gaps and to steerthe development of new Executive research. We envisagethat this Group will include representatives from acrossExecutive Departments together with the RIAS, A+DS,The Lighthouse and Sust.We also believe that dissemination of existing researchand knowledge is vitally important, and will explore waysin which research findings and good practice can bedisseminated to a wider audience, debated anddiscussed. We envisage a strong role for A+DS inensuring that key research messages are communicatedto a range of audiences. This may involve workingactively with professionals, collating and reviewingexisting research and working with the media.INCREASING DESIGNAWARENESS AND SKILLSRespondents to the consultation highlighted thewide range of participants whose roles and behaviourimpact upon the quality of our built environment, andencouraged us to work to ensure that everyone involvedin decision-making has access to the right skills,information and support to make informed designchoices. We believe that there is a need to substantiallyraise awareness of the economic, social andenvironmental benefits of good design and, through ourwork, we hope to encourage a culture in which design isnot dismissed as an additional cost, but regarded, rather,as a process which improves outcomes. In addition, weneed to ensure that decision-makers, architects,designers, planners and developers have access to highquality resources, support and advice.We recognise that we must tailor our approach to suitthe needs and interests of specific sectors. In recognitionof the powerful impact that local authority action has ondesign outcomes, and thus the importance of this area asa priority, A+DS is currently working with the Executiveand the Improvement Service for Scottish localgovernment to develop a design training framework to bedelivered to all local authority planning departments,aimed at raising design skills and awareness. The firsttraining events will be held in early 2007. In addition, theScottish Executive and A+DS are currently developingguidance for local authorities on master planning, aimedat raising awareness of the value of the process andbuilding skills and confidence in using this tool.Earlier in this section, we highlighted the importantrole that A+DS can play in developing, collating anddisseminating research. We want this to inform thedevelopment of resources and guidance that can beshared with, and embedded in the practices of, keydevelopment participants such as planners, architectsand housing developers. Respondents to the consultationemphasised the need to link research and guidance withpractice, and the case studies woven through thisdocument are an early reflection of these comments.56_57

SUPPORTING BETTER DESIGNWe were encouraged to see wide support for theenabling work of A+DS in responses to the consultation.Whilst we remain strongly committed to the designreview process carried out by A+DS, we envisage thatearly, supportive engagement in the design process willincreasingly become the focus of the organisation’s work.As indicated earlier, A+DS is working to deliver betterdesign outcomes with publicly-funded projects such asschools, hospitals and regeneration programmes, andsupporting public sector clients in the design process.<strong>Our</strong> vision is, in the future, to build upon this experienceand to establish programmes of work with other sectors,such as private and social housing developers. In linewith our aim to lead by example, we will communicatethe benefits of good design widely within the Executive,encouraging other policy areas to seek advice andsupport from A+DS.ADVOCATING SUSTAINABLEDESIGNThe ultimate aim of the Sust. programme is to facilitatethe mainstreaming of sustainable design in architectureand the public realm by empowering those involved inthe design and delivery process with the knowledge andskills to make a difference. Sust. aims to identify anderadicate ‘pressure points’, where sustainable concernsare vulnerable in development processes, and thus toidentify what needs to be addressed in order develop anew design process that has sustainability at its core.The programme engages key players, including clients,community groups and designers responsible forbuilding projects, and has developed unique training,guidance and information to allow decision-makers tomake informed choices about sustainable development.Sust. helps those involved to make the necessaryadjustments to their work practices to accommodatechange; in effect, to make sustainable development thenorm rather than the exception.HIGHLIGHTING GOOD DESIGNThe Executive is currently working with the HighlandCouncil and others to develop proposals for a HighlandHousing Fair. A design competition is also presentlybeing run by the Scottish Executive in conjunction withGlasgow City Council. The aim of the design competitionis to raise the profile of master planning and deliver thesuccessful translation of policy into physical reality. Thecompetition is a design, manage and build project for anew housing development on a brownfield site in centralGlasgow. It is our hope that these initiatives will, betweenthem, provide practical case studies of good design inboth rural and urban housing. We believe that designcompetitions and initiatives like the Highland HousingFair can inspire designers, developers and the public,and that they have the potential to substantially raise theexpectations of all parties. We will encourage andsupport similar approaches in the future.INFORMING OUR FUTUREChanges to the built environment can have a lastingimpact on the communities and people of Scotland, andwe must consider the long term future needs of thecountry if we are to make the right design choices. Asthe national champion for good architecture, design andplanning, A+DS has a central role in identifying the keychallenges and opportunities for Scotland’s builtenvironment in the long term. The series of colloquiathat A+DS has recently organised have successfullybrought together a range of individuals and organisationsinvolved in the built environment to discuss and developdominant themes and we hope that this kind of approach

can be further developed, resulting in frameworks foraction. This could inform the work of individuals and, ata more strategic level, government policy influencingthe way in which organisations develop theirapproaches to change in the built environment.A+DS ENABLINGA key element in the programme of developing skillsand awareness amongst clients and project teams willbe the expansion of the A+DS Enabling programme.The programme is set against a context of major capitalinvestment programmes in health and schools; majorregeneration projects on the west coast of Scotland; keyhousing strategies focusing on procurement and mixedcommunities; and a culture change in planning,aspiring to a more creative and effective process.A+DS will, therefore, prioritise its work in the areas ofhealthcare, schools, regeneration and housing, andplanning and urban design.Tools for delivery: In order to deliver on its aims andobjectives the Enabling programme uses a variety oftools and techniques, including, but not limited to:>>>Design Audits – assisting partners to undertakeaudits of their current policy, practices andprotocols for delivering design quality;Design Strategy – assisting partners toestablish and communicate their designstrategy;Strategic Overview Workshops – facilitatingworkshops to allow partners to consider, defineand develop consistent and united designstrategies;>>>>>>Project Enabling – enabling specific projects toprovide hands-on advice and assistance toproject, policy and development partners;Setting up Design Panels/Sub Groups –assisting in the establishment of regional orproject-specific design panels or sub-groups;Design Networks – establishing and facilitatingregular events amongst partners to shareexperiences, projects and best practiceexamples;Delivering Design Quality Workshops –facilitating workshops and delivering papersand presentations at conferences and seminarson the principles, value and tools for deliveringwell designed built environments;Guidance – producing guidance on best practiceand case study examples on specific themes orbuilt environment sectors; andDesign Assessment – using the resources ofthe Enabling Panel; working with partners toevaluate proposals through the designdevelopment phase.DESIRED OUTCOME OFEDUCATION, SKILLS ANDADVOCACY PROGRAMMEBETTER EQUIPPEDCLIENTS ANDCOMMUNITIES58_59

CASE STUDYINCLUSION/COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT/LANDSCAPE/ARTTHE HIDDEN GARDENS PROJECT, GLASGOWWhat is paradise? What is missing from this place? What is specific to this place?These questions opened the dialogue with the Pollokshields community on the Hidden Gardens project, andarose from research into the relationship between religion and landscape in different places and at different times.This innovative project has seen the transformation of a derelict industrial site on Glasgow's south side into atranquil and inspirational landscaped public space. Hidden Gardens is the result of a two-year consultation andcollaborative design process that involved the environmental arts charity, NVA, landscape architects City DesignCo-operative, a team of international artists and the local community in Pollokshields.The gardens embrace and merge ideas, rituals and forms from different cultures through the work of designersand artists. The starting point for the design programme, artworks and horticultural approach within the gardenswas the celebration of diversity in nature and humanity, and the promotion of a deeper understanding of naturethrough international horticultural traditions. A number of integrated artworks appear throughout the project,including inscribed poems and texts, viewing devices into hidden worlds and a library of the woodland. Thegardens also explore the idea of the movement of plants across continents, and ideas of provenance anddisplacement. Plants significant to different cultures and belief systems occur throughout the gardens and bothnative and exotic plants are used in a number of carefully orchestrated ways. Dialogue with the communityinformed the design, the choice of cultural references and the choice of plants.The Hidden Gardens design incorporates references to the site’s history, which is revealed in a number of ways.For instance, certain lines of trees and planting echo a 19th-century nursery layout that once existed on the siteproviding plants for famous parks and gardens around the world.The overall effect of the project is a contemplative open space where the diverse communities of the city andvisitors alike can find respite in a busy urban environment. Its particular power derives from the fact that thegardens could not be anywhere else - they have been developed very specifically in response to this site andthis community.

DIALOGUE WITH THE COMMUNITYINFORMED THE DESIGN,THE CHOICEOF CULTURAL REFERENCESAND THE CHOICE OF PLANTS60_61

CASE STUDYCOMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT/ACCESS/SUSTAINABILITY/REGENERATIONAQUALIBRIUM, CAMPBELTOWNFollowing the closure of the existing recreational complex in 2000 due to structural instability, the provisionof new amenities was viewed by Argyll & Bute Council to be of vital strategic importance to the regenerationof Campbeltown Town Centre and to draw new people, in particular professionals such as doctors and nurses,into the area.After extensive consultation with the local community, the Council produced a brief for the new building whichconsisted of a 6 lane, 25 m competition swimming pool, a fitness studio, a library, a crèche, café facilities andassociated offices. Eight-year-old Caitlin Ronald entered the competition to name the £7 million building, designedby Page and Park, which houses the town’s swimming pool, library and gym along with a café, meeting rooms playareas and spaces for community use. As part of her entry, Caitlin explained that her title “Aqualibrium” wasderived from aqua (water), libr (library), ium (gymnasium) and, appropriately, sounds like “equilibrium”.An important part of the brief was the requirement to make the building accessible to all of the community, andcareful attention was given to the design of facilities for disabled people on all levels of the building. Althoughfacilities for a disabled hoist have been incorporated within the swimming pool area, wheelchair-bound peoplecan also access the pool directly via the floating floor which can be raised level with the pool surround and thensubmerged.Wherever possible, materials chosen are recyclable and high levels of insulation are used throughout. The boileris fuelled with local biomass, which not only provides an affordable, local, sustainable supply of heat to thebuilding, but also supports a new local wood-chip industry. The sawmill at Auchencorvie near Campbeltown hasbeen set up to provide wood-chip to other biomass boilers in the Kintyre region. It is hoped that the increaseddemand for wood-chip that the new boiler will create will help the establishment of this business and provide workwithin the region. The biomass boiler provides swimming pool, domestic hot water and space heating for thebuilding, both fitting with the sustainable ethos of the building and ensuring low running costs. The estimated CO 2saving for the facility resulting from the installation of the wood chip heating system is 333 tonnes per annum.

THE BOILER IS FUELLED WITHLOCAL BIOMASS WHICHNOT ONLY PROVIDES AN AFFORDABLE, LOCAL, SUSTAINABLE SUPPLYOF HEAT TO THE BUILDING62_63

CASE STUDYCOMMUNITY ENGAGEMENTGIRVAN MASTERPLANIn 2004, The Lighthouse National Programme and education teams together with Girvan Horizons and SutherlandHussey Architects carried out a series of workshops and consultations with the Girvan community to produce aregeneration proposal for the town, seeking to raise awareness and aspirations for the future of the predominantsea front. This work became the foundation for a successful European grant application to further develop thiswork.This process is a model for any town where there is a desire to raise awareness and aspiration for the future.In our new ACCESS to Architecture campaign we intend to place greater emphasis upon the development anddissemination of replicable approaches.

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4. SUSTAINABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND INCLUSIVE DESIGNPROMOTING MEASURES WHICHMAINSTREAM A SUSTAINABLE ANDINCLUSIVE APPROACH TO DESIGNCONTEXTFollowing the joint ‘Taking it on’ consultation during2004, the Scottish Executive joined the UK Government,the Welsh Assembly Government and the NorthernIreland Administration in signing up to a UK strategicframework for sustainable development, committing usto work together towards a shared purpose, principlesand priorities. The framework was launched by the FirstMinister in Edinburgh in March 2005. The sharedframework document ‘One Future - Different Paths’identifies a powerful set of principles to help us achieveour goal and which underpin the approach we are takingin Scotland.THE SCOTTISH STRATEGY‘Choosing our future: Scotland’s sustainable developmentstrategy’ was published in December 2005, and sets outthe actions which we will take in Scotland to take forwardthe shared priorities set out in ‘One Future - DifferentPaths’. <strong>Our</strong> strategy is based on five UK-wide sustainabledevelopment principles, which can be summarised as:>to live within environmental limits and to achievea strong, healthy and just society by means of asustainable economy, sound science and goodgovernance.<strong>Our</strong> priorities are to:>>>reduce the size of Scotland’s global footprint;protect our natural heritage and resources forthe long term; andimprove the quality of life for individuals andcommunities in Scotland, securingenvironmental justice for those who suffer theworst local environments.We are now putting the strategy into effect through apublished and quarterly updated Implementation Planwhich contains more than forty pieces of work.The Plan includes:>>>>>‘Changing our Ways, the Scottish Climate ChangeProgramme’, which commits to cutting2.7 million tonnes of carbon emissions throughdevolved policies by 2010 – 1 million more thanour Scottish share;revised indicators of Scotland’s progress onsustainable development;action plan for the UN Decade of Education forSustainable Development;revised indicators of Scotland’s progress onsustainable development; andaction on architecture and the built environment.66_67

REFLECTING THE SHARED PRIORITIES OF THE FRAMEWORK,THE SCOTTISH STRATEGY FOCUSES ON SIX AREAS INPARTICULAR:>>>>>>SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION -ACHIEVING MORE WITH LESS, REDUCING ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS, IMPROVING BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS ANDBREAKING THE LINK BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH ANDENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE;CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY - MAKING CHANGES TOHOW WE GENERATE AND USE ENERGY AND OTHERACTIVITIES WHICH RELEASE GREENHOUSE GASES ANDDRIVE CLIMATE CHANGE;NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENTALENHANCEMENT - PROTECTING AND ENHANCING THEENVIRONMENT TO ENSURE A DECENT ENVIRONMENT FOREVERYONE;SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES - CREATING COMMUNITIESWHICH EMBODY THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL;LEARNING TO LIVE DIFFERENTLY - DEVELOPINGAWARENESS, UNDERSTANDING AND ENGAGEMENT ANDSEEKING TO HELP AND ENCOURAGE PEOPLE ANDORGANISATIONS TO MAKE MORE SUSTAINABLE CHOICES;ANDDELIVERY - TARGETS AND INDICATORS, ACCOUNTABILITYAND GOVERNANCE.

SUST. THE LIGHTHOUSEON SUSTAINABILITYClearly, the policy on architecture has the potential tosupport the Scottish strategy in many of these areas. Asignificant amount of work has already been carried out.From 2002 to 2006, the £1.2 million Executive fundedSust. initiative has involved an ambitious programme ofprojects on sustainability developed in partnership with awide range of organisations who have benefited from thecampaign. These organisations include communitygroups, government agencies, local authorities,professional organisations, academic institutions,architectural practices and voluntary sector groups.One of the key objectives of the Sust. programme hasbeen to work with building design professionals, theirclients and the general public to raise awareness of theimportance of sustainable design and the contributionthat it can make to the delivery of a sustainable future. Inaddition, the programme seeks to raise expectations andaspirations of its clients, and to transfer relevantknowledge in order to raise the demand for sustainablebuildings. It is clear that the programme has made goodprogress towards this objective. However, we haverecognised that although, for the most part, HousingAssociations and Local Authorities are not lacking intraining and awareness of the issues, difficulties remainin translating this information and knowledge into aphysical reality. Over the last two years, we have begunto explore how to address this. We believe that, in orderto make a real difference, and to act as an effectivecatalyst for change, Sust. must engage more with clients,business and the public on ‘live’ projects to enable thepractical application of their knowledge.The design, construction, operation and maintenance ofthe built environment and the creative use of the existingenvironment provide significant opportunities tocontribute towards a more sustainable future. However,although the creation of ‘green buildings’ is of extremeimportance - on their own, these built ‘products’ are notenough.Sustainable Development has three coreelements – environmental, social, and economicfactors - and all require to be balanced in order toachieve a truly sustainable outcome. And so, if the‘product’ is in the wrong place, or displaces jobs, orupsets the environmental balance of the location then,however well-designed, the final outcome will not besustainable. In energy terms, for example, the builtenvironment consumes natural resources duringconstruction, refurbishment and demolition but itsgreatest impact is the energy use in operation. Energyused for heating, providing hot water, cooling andlighting our homes in particular is a major factor in ourglobal environmental impact, accounting for 34% of ourtotal energy consumption and 33% of our greenhousegas emissions. Delivering sustainable development must,therefore, be a continuing process. Everyone must acceptresponsibility, and we must change our ways to adoptmore environmentally responsible patterns of behaviour.The products and processes of development have notonly significant implications for energy use, but alsoimpact upon health, transport, employment andcommunities. The way in which our built environment isdeveloped makes a considerable difference to howcommunities look, feel and function. <strong>Our</strong> early focus has,by and large, tended towards more central, technical68_69

issues of sustainability such as energy performance,material specifications, and construction issues. We are,however, also keen to improve awareness and knowledgeof wider aspects of sustainable development such as theregeneration and creation of safe, secure communities;the environmental, social and economic importance ofneighbourhood identity; inclusion and communityengagement; and the impact of decisions in relation tolocation and infrastructure. We have, thus, committedfunds to continuing the Sust. programme for a furthertwo years.The Executive will also continue to fund the installationof micro-renewables in homes across Scotland throughits Scottish Community and Household RenewablesInitiative (SCHRI).BUILDING STANDARDSThe Scottish <strong>Building</strong> Standards Agency (SBSA) wasestablished in 2004, and the new building standardssystem which came into operation in 2005 allows greaterscope for innovation in design through providing moreflexibility in the ways that standards can be met.In 2006, the SBSA issued a public consultation onchanges to the standards on structure, environment,accessibility and energy, which is due to come into effectin May 2007. The SBSA will be raising its energyperformance standards at that time. The Agency’s workon access for all allows it to play a full part in trying toclose the opportunity gap and promote equality to thoseliving in and visiting Scotland. The SBSA intends to use

the system to require even higher standards, whilstincreasing the opportunities for imaginative design andsimplifying the requirements for small buildings andminor works. In developing the standards, the SBSA isconsidering how to deliver reductions in emissions ofcarbon dioxide and developing guidance on theinstallation of a range of low and zero carbontechnologies. Changes planned for 2009 will furtherincrease the sustainability of new buildings, raise thestandards on noise control and update the requirementson the means of escape necessary in the event of fire.The Executive will monitor progress in delivering a builtenvironment for a sustainable future as part of thereporting arrangements for this strategy.The SBSA is also responsible for the implementationof the ‘Energy Performance of <strong>Building</strong>s Directive’.This began in January 2006, with measures includingthe gradual introduction of energy performancecertificates required for public buildings. By 2009,energy performance certificates will be required forevery building when it is built, sold or rented.Significant challenges for the Architecture Policy Unit arehow, through policy initiatives, it can help to raiseawareness of the potential of the new building standardssystem and how it can encourage designers to designabove minimum standards. It also wishes to encouragehigher aspirations for sustainability in its wider sense, asenergy performance is, of course, only one aspect ofsustainability.INCLUSIVE DESIGNAn inclusive environment is one that can be used byeveryone, regardless of age, gender or disability, andthis is also a key aspect of sustainable development.The objective of an inclusive design approach to bothbuildings and places is to widen the user group for whichan environment is designed. The Scottish Executive iscommitted to improving the provision of inclusiveenvironments as part of our wider aim of promotingmore equality in the areas where we live and work.In order to achieve this throughout Scotland’s builtenvironment, everyone involved in creating places mustunderstand how to design for the widest user group.There is also, now, a specific legal requirement toconsider the needs of disabled people under the termsof Disability Discrimination legislation. The DisabilityDiscrimination Act 2005 introduces a new duty on publicbodies, including local authorities to actively promotedisability equality. The promotion of inclusive designshould be seen as an important part of meeting thisnew duty.Planning Advice Note 78 Inclusive Design (PAN 78), waspublished in March 2006 and is targeted at a wide rangeof people who are involved in the development processand who have the opportunity to create and maintaininclusive environments. This includes building owners,developers, design professionals, local authority officers,access panels and, importantly, building occupiers. Itencourages the consideration of inclusive design at anearly stage in the design process, and seeks to ensureeffective joint working between those involved to ensurethat developments provide the most appropriateenvironments for all users. PAN 78 complements70_71

‘Designing Places’ and is intended to support better awarenessand understanding of context, issues, roles and responsibilitiesand aims to:>>>>>>explain the importance of inclusive design;identify the nature of the problemsexperienced in designing inclusive environments;describe the legislative context;outline the roles of the different stakeholdersin delivering inclusive design;identify the particular challenges of applyinginclusive design to the historic environment; andprovide a useful reference list of more detailedor technical advice.CO-ORDINATIONAcross the Executive, there are many Divisions whose workincludes issues related to sustainability. The Executive’s Policyon Architecture Progress Group already brings Divisions,Agencies and NDPBs involved with sustainability in the builtenvironment to the same table as key external builtenvironment bodies.Sustainability has already, naturally, come to the fore inthe work of the Group. However, in our consideration of theGroup’s future work on the implementation of policy, we willexplore ways to better co-ordinate and align Executive activityon sustainability in the built environment and to work moreclosely with areas of the Executive with sustainable interestswhich are not presently involved in the Group.

DESIRED OUTCOMEOF PROGRAMMESCOTLAND AT THE FOREFRONTOF SUSTAINABLE, ACCESSIBLEAND INCLUSIVE BUILTENVIRONMENT DESIGNTHE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF THISHOUSING DEVELOPMENTARE DESIGNED TO HELPPEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA72_73

CASE STUDYSUSTAINABLE DESIGN/INCORPORATIONOF HISTORIC ELEMENTS/HOUSINGSIGNAL STATION HOUSE, NORTH QUEENSFERRYThis Ministry of Defence signal tower, which perches around forty metres above the Firth of Forth andsits close below the Forth Rail Bridge in North Queensferry, was still in use until the mid 1990s. Theoctagonal tower, which had originally only a very small outbuilding attached, was bought by EuanMillar, a partner in the quite recently formed Icosis Architects, with the intention of transforming intohis own family home.The project was carried out in two phases by separate contractors, and the first of these phases wasthe renovation of the tower. Wherever possible, the renovation of the original building and constructionof the extension used natural materials from sustainable sources. Among the many examples of thisapproach are that sheep’s wool was used to insulate the tower and that walls in the extension userecycled newspaper as insulation.A construction phase waste-management strategy was implemented in order to minimise the need fortransporting waste to landfill over the course of the project. All untreated timber waste was retainedfor use in the two wood-burning stoves in the renovated tower, while brick and rubble was retained foruse as fill and sub-base beneath the extension. The main roof of the extension is finished usingplanted turf, for which the soil excavated for the foundations was set-aside.As the project is most frequently seen from above by travellers on the bridge, grass is used onboth the roof of the extension and garden to minimise the visual impact from this viewpoint.This was considered to be the most environmentally and aesthetically sympathetic solution for thelocation. Icosis has aimed to create the aesthetic of a classic Modernist building, sitting as an elegantcompanion to the original tower. The project not only succeeds admirably in this aim, but demonstratesgood, sustainable design in both the built form and the construction process.

ICOSIS HAS AIMED TO CREATE THE AESTHETIC OF ACLASSIC MODERNISTBUILDING, SITTING AS AN ELEGANT COMPANIONTO THE ORIGINAL TOWER74_75

CASE STUDYLANDSCAPE/SUSTAINABILITYROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND WORLD HEADQUARTERSGOGARBURN, EDINBURGHThe £350 million Royal Bank of Scotland world headquarters is located on the site of the former hospital atGogarburn, Edinburgh set in around 100 acres of woodland. Six office pavilions, providing space for 3250 staff, andan executive pavilion with entrance hall focused on a connecting internal street, sit in landscaped, campus-stylegrounds. The 300 metre internal street, enclosed by steel and glass, provides facilities such as a retail bank,convenience food outlets, a grocery store and restaurants. Headquarter facilities play a key role in the attractionand retention of staff, and the development at Gogarburn also provides leisure, crèche/nursery facilities as wellas a new training centre.The development is designed to minimise impact on the natural environment. An early, detailed environmentalimpact assessment was made which encompassed ecology, flora/fauna, hydrology, sustainable drainage, noiseand pollution and traffic impact. Water and habitat strategies have been developed which will see the woodlandcome under careful active management.As part of the strong commitment to sustainable design, a significant number of waste management initiativeswere integrated into the construction process, including the separation and re-use of materials from theexisting buildings which were demolished on the site. 50,000 tonnes of fill material were generated by crushingdemolished masonry, saving £700,000 on the import of equivalent material and saving £250,000 in disposalcosts and 30,000m 3 of topsoil was created from materials in the site.The existing landscape has been sensitively managed throughout and has been enhanced to improve the vistassouth. The outcome represents a very good example of development in a parkland or mature landscape settingand also highlights the importance of a good landscape maintenance strategy. The approach to sustainability inthe construction process is exemplary and a BREEAM rating of 'Excellent' has been achieved.Architect: Michael Laird ArchitectsLandscape architects: EDAWFurther information on sustainable aspects of the design: http://www.envirowise.gov.uk/media/attachments/202895/Edinburgh-RBS-Waste-Mgt-Case-Study.pdf

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CASE STUDYACCESS/REFURBISHMENT/HISTORIC ENVIRONMENTHIS MAJESTY’S THEATRE EXTENSION, ABERDEENHis Majesty’s Theatre, which is grade A-listed, originally opened in 1906, and was designed by Frank Matcham whois well known for his work on a number of grand theatres across the United Kingdom. The theatre has now beenimaginatively refurbished and extended in a project by Aberdeen City Council’s architects, whose design makes thebuilding fully accessible to theatre-goers with special needs, provides a range of new facilities, and brings addedvitality into the building. Adapt Trust were access consultants on the project and LDN Architects, who areexperienced in the creative revitalisation of important historic buildings, were also employed as consultants.The five-storey redevelopment rejuvenates the theatre, and the auditorium has been sympathetically refurbishedto retain its Edwardian colour scheme. The seats have been re-upholstered, and the leg room has been improvedin the stalls by replacing the rows and offsetting the seats. The front-of-house facilities have been modernised anda restaurant, coffee shop and corporate hospitality area added. Technical and audio-visual equipment have beenimproved, and there is a new Green room for performers, upgraded dressing rooms and a purpose-built rehearsaland education area. The installation of two lifts has contributed to making the venue fully accessible.A £2 million grant towards the £7.8 million refurbishment was provided through the National Lottery Fundmanaged by the Scottish Arts Council (SAC). SAC Lottery Funding is conditional upon a high level of accessibilityfor people with disabilities.The project is the biggest refurbishment in the theatre’s history and is the largest granite construction in Aberdeenfor a considerable time. His Majesty's Theatre is the only theatre in the UK to be completely built of granite and, asin the original, the new work has been carried out with granite sourced from Kemnay.The thoughtful integration of the old and new, together with improved facilities and comfort conditions,significantly increases its attractiveness as a venue for theatregoers and performers alike. This is an excellentexample of public architecture carried out by the City Council’s in-house team.

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CASE STUDYAFFORDABLE HOUSING/ACCESSIBILITY/SUSTAINABILITY/REGENERATIONTELFORD ROAD, EDINBURGHTelford Road is a housing development designed by Gordon Murray + Alan Dunlop Architects (gm+ad) for ManorEstates - a charitable Housing Association that aims to provide good quality, affordable and sustainable housingand services to meet a wide range of housing needs. Sustainable principles were adopted throughout the project,which comprises twenty units, four of which are for tenants of ‘varying needs’ and are fully accessible forwheelchair users.A key intention in the project has been to encourage, through the architecture itself and through the spaces itcreates, social engagement between the various groups of residents. An important design consideration has, thus,been how to maintain a balance between a sense of privacy and ownership, and opportunities for interaction withneighbours.The housing is grouped around a number of communal landscaped spaces, which are articulated in a such a wayas to delineate the public and semi-private realms. These public spaces are overlooked by terraces, balconies andenclosed spaces. Outdoor terraced gardens on the first floors form shared multipurpose spaces and provide semipublicareas between flats. The internal stairs lead onto generous glazed landings which the residents areencouraged to personalise as conservatories. Each flat has staggered projecting window seats or winter gardenswhich maximise the south-west aspect of the blocks and allow several visual connections with the surroundingpublic spaces.The project is intended to act as a catalyst for regeneration of the strip of disused railway land behind the existingTelford Drive, and forms part of a larger masterplan presently being undertaken by gm+ad for *EDI. The site backsonto one of Edinburgh’s proposed tram routes, and integration with public transport opportunities was also astrong sustainable driver for the project. It is an excellent example of the kind of sensitive, people–focused designnecessary for the creation of real, working neighbourhoods. The scheme also demonstrates the quality that can beachieved on a modest budget through a rational approach to layout and the use of a limited number of good,simple materials.*The EDI Group was established in 1988 by The City of Edinburgh Council for the development of Edinburgh Park. It has sincedeveloped as a private company which works in partnership with both public and private sectors, carrying out property projectsthat are not only profitable, but whose primary objective is to bring added value in respect of architectural, environmental andeconomic development benefits.

A KEY INTENTION IN THE PROJECT HAS BEEN TOENCOURAGE, THROUGH THE ARCHITECTURE ITSELF AND THROUGH THE SPACES ITCREATES, SOCIAL ENGAGEMENTBETWEEN THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF RESIDENTS80_81

5. BUILT HERITAGEUNDERSTANDING AND MANAGINGCHANGE IN THE BUILTENVIRONMENT – LINKING OUR PAST,PRESENT, AND FUTURE HERITAGERECOGNISING THE VALUE OF THE BUILTHERITAGE<strong>Our</strong> promotion of good architecture and design is not simply about havinga concern for the quality of new-build developments whilst cherishing ourbuilt heritage. It is about having a concern for the development ofScotland’s built environment as whole – a continuum where past, presentand future are carefully considered in their relation to each other to achievethe best possible outcome.Scotland has an outstanding built heritage, and this is something that weshould be proud of, but we must recognise that the quality of this heritageplaces considerable demands on the way that we approach newdevelopment in order to ensure that we do not undermine the benefitsof this valuable inheritance.There are a number of reasons why this is an important issue for the policyon architecture to address. <strong>Our</strong> built heritage is still frequently undervaluedwhen viewed by many of those involved in the push for new development.The historic environment is often perceived to be a barrier or constraint,rather than an asset. There are encouraging signs, however, that we are,for the most part, leaving behind the tabula rasa approach to urbandevelopment prevalent through much of the second half of the last century.Almost every successful new development in recent years - such as, for82_83

instance, the Holyrood North and Dublin Colonieshousing in Edinburgh and Graham Square in Glasgow -pays close attention to the cultural history of the site, thebuildings, artefacts and archaeological traces to derivemeaning and inspiration for the new proposals.Along with local planning authorities, we wish to seegreater use by developers of planning tools that help toensure that the significance of a place is understood.They include:>>>>conservation management plans;conservation area appraisals;masterplans; anddesign statements.<strong>Our</strong> existing building stock is a crucial contributorto local distinctiveness and identity. Reflecting localbuilding materials and traditional construction, theexisting built environment physically embodies thehistory and identity of communities. Large or small scaleredevelopments can draw inspiration from our past inthe creation of our future surroundings and can providepoints of reference and cultural continuity forcommunities which may be affected by significantchange.An approach to spatial development which encompassesa respect for cultural heritage can also act as a bulwarkagainst some of the more unwelcome forces ofglobalisation which have a tendency to uniformity acrossnational and local borders and which tend toward thelowest common denominator. Searching for a sense ofhistoric continuity will open up rather than close downopportunities for the retention of the cultural identitywithin villages, towns, cities and regions across Scotland.<strong>Our</strong> existing built heritage has important ecological valueand is also vitally important for sustainability – as itcontains a great store of energy in terms of the rawmaterials and the processes which converted them intoour buildings in the past. The re-use of buildings ishighly sustainable. A huge amount of energy andmaterials has been invested in their construction andwe must not thoughtlessly throw this embodied energyaway. Historic buildings have always been adapted, oftenmany times over, but in recent years, this has becomemuch more common. We have become used to seeingchurches, hospitals, and even landmark industrialbuildings, such as the celebrated Templeton’s CarpetFactory in Glasgow, Broadford Works in Aberdeen orthe Anchor Finishing Mill in Paisley converted andconserved. The need to sustain the world’s resources fitswell with the desire to cherish our culture and the strongsense of identity which buildings like these convey.Historic buildings have a reputation for being difficultto work with – and for being expensive and inflexible.However, provided that their potential is recognisedand a concern for their qualities is integrated from theoutset, they can provide true sustainability - addingtremendous value for the future as well as conservingand continuing our built heritage. Many historic buildingsare inherently adaptable and sustainable; that is usuallywhy they have lasted so long. Investing in the historicenvironment therefore makes sense from anenvironmental as well as a cultural perspective.Re-using buildings consumes less energy than newconstruction, capitalises on the embodied energyinvested in original structures; reduces the waste sentto landfill; and makes best use of existing infrastructureby reinforcing existing urban footprints.84_85

We have come a long way from the days when historicbuildings were simply torn down or left in isolation bynew development. We now understand the added valuethat the historic environment can bring, not only incultural terms, but as a real economic driver, attractinginward investment, helping communities to regenerateand playing a vital part in our tourist industry.The adaptation and re-use of historic buildings shouldnot stifle new design - it can act as a spur for creativesolutions which bring old and new together successfully.New design in historic locations has been a particularsuccess in recent years. The new Parliament is, ofcourse, the best example of a stunning new buildingtaking inspiration from its context and repaying it withhuge cultural and economic added value. And there aremany other less well-known examples throughout thecountry, from Glasgow’s former Meat Market, GrahamSquare, to Kilncraigs Business Centre at Alloa or theTun in Edinburgh. At a smaller scale, the adaptation ofhistoric sites and buildings for people to visit, live andwork within has prompted interventions of the highestdesign quality.The message is clear: new buildings in historic placescan transform the experience associated with the place.With the best of the old and the best of the new we canbuild a balanced, sustainable environment for theenjoyment and cultural prosperity of all.An important aim in policy is, then, to promote a betterunderstanding of the role that our built heritage can playin shaping our future as a nation and to encourage betterconnections between our past, present and future builtenvironments. This message is being reinforced in theforthcoming Scottish Planning Policy: HistoricEnvironment. This SPP supersedes and consolidatesNational Planning Policy Guideline (NPPG) 18 Planningand the Historic Environment and NPPG5 Archaeologyand Planning.A number of the case studies within this policy statementillustrate different ways in which new development hasstrongly responded to the built heritage and where thisapproach has played a very important part in the successof projects. The Architecture Policy Unit will continue towork with Historic Scotland, A+DS, The Lighthouse,RCAHMS and RIAS to identify and promote good practice.

HISTORIC SCOTLANDHistoric Scotland is an agency of the Scottish Executivecharged with safeguarding the nation’s historicenvironment and promoting its understanding andenjoyment. It is well known as the guardian of severalhundred properties in care and has commissionedarchitectural work at all of them.Outreach by Historic Scotland includes publications thatrange from leaflets to more substantial memoranda,annual reports, guide books, heritage guides andresearch reports. A number of publications, includingadvice for owners and occupiers on the care andmaintenance of historic properties, can be freelydownloaded from its website.(http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk)Historic Scotland has commissioned and publishedresearch on a variety of issues including performance,detailing, maintenance strategies, and the usage oftraditional materials in Scotland. Architecture Policy Unithas, in the past, provided some support for publicationsby Historic Scotland and other arms of government onthe use of Scottish materials. The Unit will continue towork with Historic Scotland in the co-ordination of policyaims and to support further initiatives of this kind.HISTORIC ENVIRONMENTPOLICIESThe built heritage of Scotland is, as we have discussedabove, an outstanding asset. We recognise, however,that our built heritage is, all too often, perceived as aconstraint in development and a barrier to change.Historic Scotland is, though, clear in its policies thatthe protection of the historic environment is not aboutpreventing change. The historic environment is, likethe rest of our landscape, dynamic and its successfulprotection and conservation depends upon ensuring thatchange is managed intelligently. We intend that our builtheritage will be promoted more strongly as an asset insuccessful place-making, harnessing its significantpower to strengthen the identity and character ofcommunities.Scottish Historic Environment Policies (SHEPs) are anew series of policy documents that set out ScottishMinisters’ vision and strategic policies for the widerhistoric environment and also provide greater policydirection for Historic Scotland. Work on the first threeof these is presently underway - public consultationson SHEPs 1 and 3 have been carried out and SHEP 2was published in 2006.86_87

SHEP 1-‘SCOTLAND’S HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT’ IS THE OVERARCHINGPOLICY STATEMENT FOR THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT. ITPROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR MORE DETAILED STRATEGICPOLICIES AND OPERATIONAL POLICIES THAT INFORM THEDAY TO-DAY WORK OF A RANGE OF ORGANISATIONS THATHAVE A ROLE AND INTEREST IN MANAGING THE HISTORICENVIRONMENT. THESE INCLUDE THE SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE,LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND THE RANGE OF BODIES THAT AREACCOUNTABLE TO SCOTTISH MINISTERS. THE FINAL VERSIONOF SHEP 1, TAKING ACCOUNT OF THE RESPONSES TO THECONSULTATION, WILL BE PUBLISHED EARLY IN 2007.SHEP 2- ‘SCHEDULING: PROTECTING SCOTLAND’S NATIONALLYIMPORTANT MONUMENTS’ SETS OUT SCOTTISH MINISTERS'POLICY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND DESIGNATION OFNATIONALLY IMPORTANT ANCIENT MONUMENTS. THISPROCESS PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE CONSERVATIONOF EVIDENCE FOR SCOTLAND’S PAST.SHEP 3- ’GARDENS AND DESIGNED LANDSCAPES’ SETS OUTSCOTTISH MINISTERS’ POLICIES FOR GARDENS AND DESIGNEDLANDSCAPES IN RESPECT OF THEIR IDENTIFICATION ANDPROTECTION, THE MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE, AND HOWHISTORIC SCOTLAND WILL IMPLEMENT THESE POLICIES. THECONSULTATION DRAFT ALSO POSED A NUMBER OFQUESTIONS ON WHICH SCOTTISH MINISTERS WISH TOCONSULT ABOUT THE FUTURE PROTECTION OF GARDENS ANDDESIGNED LANDSCAPES. A REPORT ON THE CONSULTATIONWILL BE PUBLISHED DURING 2007.

Further SHEPs on the Listing of Historic <strong>Building</strong>s,Listed <strong>Building</strong> Consent and Scheduled MonumentConsent will be consulted upon during 2007.HEACSThe Historic Environment Advisory Council for Scotland(HEACS) was established in 2003 as the advisoryNon-Departmental Public Body which provides ScottishMinisters with independent strategic advice on issuesaffecting the historic environment.Among the Council’s principal functions is the provisionof informed advice on the identification, condition,protection, presentation and promotion of the historicenvironment, and on its contribution to wider issues suchas education, the economy, tourism, arts and culture,leisure and the promotion of social justice. As well asresponding to Scottish Ministers on all mattersrequested by them, the Council aims to identify anddevelop its own wider agenda of strategic issues andtopics on which it may also prepare and offer advice.In August 2006, the Council provided a report to ScottishMinisters regarding whether or not there is a need for areview of historic environment legislation. Through thefirst part of 2007, Historic Scotland will be using theHEACS report as the basis for discussion withstakeholders to further tease out the administrative andresource issues from the legal ones, identifying wherethe evidence most clearly makes a case for specificallylegal change and where the case for any change isstrongest.RCAHMSThe Royal Commission on the Ancient and HistoricalMonuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) is an executiveNon-Departmental Public Body (NDPB) which surveysand records Scotland's built heritage under internationalconvention. It compiles and maintains a public builtheritage archive, the National Monuments Record ofScotland (NMRS). A key element of the work of theorganisation is to make its records available to thepublic and, as part of this, it has established a leadinginternational reputation for the quality of its digitalaccess. The information about the historic environmentwhich RCAHMS provides for architects and other builtenvironment specialists makes an important contributionto place-making and regeneration projects in respect ofunderstanding and responding to historic context, andthe engagement of communities with their local heritage.The organisation’s activities also provide support to thepolicy on architecture, the promotion of tourism and thework of Historic Scotland.Through the forthcoming Culture (Scotland) Bill, we wantto ensure there are no barriers to joint-working betweenthe National Collection bodies and to encourageincreasing co-ordination of strategy and exhibitions.The ‘National Collections’ are the National Library ofScotland (NLS), the National Museums of Scotland(NMS), the National Galleries of Scotland (NGS), theNational Archives of Scotland (NAS) and RCAHMS.Together, these bodies are responsible for collecting,preserving and exhibiting cultural objects of nationalimportance, and for holding and managing public recordsand archive collections for public access. They celebrateand showcase the talent of Scots and international88_89

artists, architects, artisans and writers. They do this byenabling people to visit and view the collections, byexhibiting and touring, and by publicising and educatingpeople about the objects and materials which they hold.We want the National Collection bodies to continue toenhance their leadership and support of local collections.To achieve these aims, the draft Bill proposes to refreshand update the governance regimes of the NationalCollections. Under the Bill, a new body, as yet unnamed,will be established to take over the role and functions ofRCAHMS. At the moment, RCAHMS operates under aRoyal Charter. Replacing it with a body established inlegislation will put its governance on a modern footingand will allow the Parliament to consider its purposesand powers.Because of the rapid growth of the RCAHMS archive, anew archive storage building is now required, and afunding commitment of £12 million for phase one of theproject was announced by Scottish Ministers in October2004. The first phase will focus primarily on the provisionof suitable storage facilities for the archive, andsubsequent phases will address opening the archive togreater public access.In line with general Executive policy, RCAHMS has placedever increasing focus on partnerships as a vital way toincrease its capacity to deliver important heritageservices. A focus on partnerships has also enabled theorganisation to extend its scope, such as in the HistoricLand-use Assessment Project, which is a comprehensiveand Scotland-wide desk-based survey shared withHistoric Scotland which aims to promote themanagement of the historic landscape.Among the Commission’s other present partnerships is athree year project with The Lighthouse, which was begunin 2005 to catalogue, conserve and promote the work ofSir Basil Spence. The research project secured almost£1 million in heritage lottery funding and £200,000 fromthe Scottish Executive. This work is demonstrating theimpact and benefit of using archive material on the builtenvironment as a tool to connect communities to theirlocal architecture and to empower schoolchildren toexpress informed opinions on design and understand thecreative process.THE LIGHTHOUSEThe Lighthouse, Scotland’s Centre for Architecture,Design and the City is currently involved in two projectsthat aim to promote and celebrate the work and archivesof two of Scotland’s most significant post-war architects– Sir Basil Spence (as described above) and alsoGillespie, Kidd and Coia. These projects also involve newpartnerships between many institutions that areconcerned with the architectural heritage of Scotland -The Lighthouse, RCAHMS, Glasgow School of Art,Heritage Lottery Fund, Historic Scotland and RIAS. TheLighthouse is housed within a Charles RennieMackintosh building and we are aware of the importanceof Glasgow’s Art Nouveau heritage and the Mackintoshlegacy of which we are proud. However, Scotland is hometo a rich and varied post-war 20th century heritage whichwe believe requires promotion, celebration andexploration to allow us to fully understand orarchitectural past and to create a greater understandingof Scotland’s heritage locally, nationally andinternationally. The Lighthouse will embark on along-term programme of activity to develop new ways ofengaging audiences with our 20th century heritage. Thismay be carried out by monograph projects that focus onparticular architects or projects that are themed to lookat building programmes relevant to our cities, towns,villages and industry such as new towns or coalmines.

INDEPENDENT HERITAGEORGANISATIONS ANDINTEREST GROUPSThroughout Scotland, residents demonstrate theirconcern for the cultural, environmental, social, andeconomic needs of their communities through voluntaryparticipation in civic amenity societies or othercommunity-run organisations. We recognise theimportance of such generous and dedicated work byindividuals and groups. This work can be invaluable inlinking new and historic built environment concerns withother specific local needs to effect truly sustainableregeneration of communities.We will, therefore, explore ways in which we can engagewith local knowledge and interest in the course of ouroutreach campaign. We aim to investigate where wemight, where welcome, join with local programmeswhich share the aim of improving Scotland’s urbanand rural built environments and to help to respondto opportunities for enhancement.We believe, also, that the store of information held byinterested individuals, and often not formally recorded,is a valuable resource which should be more widelyappreciated. Living archives are of immense publicinterest, in that individuals can provide material ordocument events and processes that are otherwiseinvisible to official sources of historical and archivalauthorities. We will therefore explore ways whereby wecan capture such information for wider public access.These projects need not only concern the capture of localreminiscence, but may also involve people in theexploration of contemporary issues.We believe that these approaches also have the potentialto achieve greater inclusion in our campaign, allowingpeople from diverse backgrounds and circumstances toexpress themselves and to become more involved in theircommunities and their built environments.DESIRED OUTCOME OF BUILTHERITAGE PROGRAMMEA MORE ENLIGHTENEDAPPROACH TO URBAN DESIGNWHICH VALUES THE HISTORICENVIRONMENT90_91

CASE STUDYBUILT HERITAGE/SUSTAINABILITY/PUBLIC ARTSHETLAND MUSEUM AND ARCHIVESHay’s Dock, which was constructed in 1815 and which is Category B listed, is an important part of Shetland’smaritime heritage. It is the last remaining area of original dock on the Lerwick waterfront, providing an idealsetting for the islands’ museum and archives. The £10 million project is funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund,Shetland Charitable Trust, Historic Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage.The new centre provides five times the display space of an older museum which it replaces, and also comprises athree-storey-high boat hall with hanging boats; a state-of-the-art archive repository; three times the presentarchive study area; a restaurant and café specialising in local produce; a flexible 120-seat lecture theatre; alearning room; and temporary exhibition space.The client, Shetland Amenity Trust, is committed to sustainable design, and the project has used many recycledand salvaged materials. Stone for the main building was recycled from a variety of demolitions around Shetland,and the dock walkway is made up of recycled granite setts once laid on the Lerwick promenade. Reclaimed oakand pitch pine flooring are laid throughout the galleries and restaurant, and some reclaimed oak has also beenused in the display cases. Recycled flagstones from all over Shetland have been laid in the foyer, where thedifferences in colour, texture and size reflect the diversity of the stone throughout the isles. Within the building,the stonework in the early people displays has come from the archaeological excavations at Old Scatness Broch.Heating for the building has been supplied by a district heating scheme.The award of a grant from the Scottish Arts Council allowed the project to engage Karen Emslie in May 2004 to coordinatethe fund-raising and procurement of the public art, and a steering group involving local artists wasformed to give guidance on the development of the public art brief. The Trust's Enviroglass project has recycledglass bottles into a hard-wearing, attractive surface, and some of the pavers, which appear both inside and outsidethe building, have been inlaid with crushed serpentine which local artist Alan Hart has used to depict local boatparts and place names. A large number of timbers were recovered from two large 19th century German boats¬the‘Elenore Von Flotow’ and the ‘Pribislaw’. In 1879, after the ‘Elenore von Flotow’ had developed leaks, she had cometo the dock at Lerwick. There, she was later hauled up and converted into a store hulk. Part of her keel has nowbeen refashioned into the foyer desk by artist Stuart Hill.<strong>Building</strong> Design Partnership (Glasgow) were the architects and lead consultants, and the conservation architectswere Nicholas Groves-Raines. This is an excellent example of a collaborative project where the design and fabricof the building seamlessly interweaves concerns for history, sustainable development and public art.

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CASE STUDYPLACE-MAKING/RESPONDINGTO HISTORIC CONTEXTSILVERMILL RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT, EDINBURGHThe Silvermill residential development sits on the northern edge of Edinburgh’s New Town,at a point where, for some considerable time, the Georgian set-piece of the World Heritagesite had abruptly ended along Fettes Row in a ragged grouping of garages, parking spacesand unmatched buildings.The developers, AMA, were committed to realising a project of the highest construction anddesign quality, appropriate to its historically-sensitive location. They engaged OberlandersArchitects and Reiach and Hall Architects to master plan the site, and each practice tookresponsibility to design one side of the street. The architects responded to the spirit of theplace, providing restrained, elegant facades responding to the surrounding Georgianarchitecture and forming a gently curving approach to St. Stephen’s Church, designed in 1826by William Playfair. A landscaped pedestrian precinct links Fettes Row to St. Stephen Streetbeyond the church and car parking now sits discretely underground. Together, the buildingsand the public space that they create act to repair the urban fabric, bringing a sense ofcohesion to the area.The project demonstrates a well-considered response to the challenge of place-makingwithin a ‘set-piece’ location.

TOGETHER, THE BUILDINGS AND THEPUBLIC SPACE THAT THEY CREATE ACT TOREPAIR THE URBAN FABRIC,BRINGING A SENSE OF COHESION TO THE AREA94_95

CASE STUDYINTERNATIONAL EXAMPLES/CULTURALAND SPATIAL STRATEGY BUILD HERITAGETHE NETHERLANDS’ BELVEDERE MEMORANDUMIn the Netherlands, the connection between cultural policy and spatial policy has been shaped in recent times byfour architecture policy documents (1991, 1997, 2001 and 2005) and by the 1999 Memorandum entitled ‘Belvedere:a policy document examining the relationship between cultural history and spatial planning’.The objective of the Belvedere strategy is to promote a sympathetic approach to cultural and historic values withinspatial development. The strategy arose from the belief that too little account was being taken of the quality of existingconstruction and surroundings in many projects. In the past, as in many countries, the Netherlands had largely takenan object-oriented approach to protecting the cultural heritage. By contrast, the central premise of Belvedere is thatthe benefits of cultural history are better realised through an area-oriented approach. This is an approach that centreson inspiring wider development rather than having a focus on the conservation of individual objects. Objects of culturaland/or historic importance are used to their best advantage to contribute to the quality of their new surroundings.The motto of the strategy is ‘Conservation through development’.The Dutch government aims to better integrate and strengthen its economic, ecological and social policies in relationto spatial planning, and the development of the Belvedere strategy involved co-operation across four governmentMinistries working with the Netherlands Department for Conservation and the National Service for ArchaelogicalHeritage. The Belvedere project office, set up in 2000, plays a co-ordinating role in the implementation of policy, whichis strongly geared towards influencing governance and awareness, professional development and network-building.The strategy provided a ten-year framework 2000-2009 and, in 2005, architecture policy became fully integrated withBelvedere.Within the Belvedere strategy ‘cultural heritage has to be regarded as being of vital importance to our society and toeach individual citizen’ - and the strategy plays its part by acting to involve cultural historians early in planningprocesses and by providing architects, urban and rural planners, and administrators with effective, usable andunderstandable information. The action programme promotes design studies which analyse existing conditions andqualities, and which explore ways of transforming urban and rural areas. It promotes several model projects and itseeks to influence the improvement of commissioning practice towards creative and inspirational approaches.

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SUMMARYOBJECTIVE 1We will:>>>>>>>>>>promote the benefits of good design andarchitecture as a cross-cutting issue acrossGovernment which helps to deliver value formoney investment and better public services;encourage public bodies to ensure that theyfocus on good design and place–making intheir commissioning processes;promote better place-making by drawingtogether the shared aims of architecture andplanning policies on design;publish guidance to encourage better masterplanning;publish a ‘Design Snapshot’ to emphasise therole of design within planning and developmentprocesses;publish lessons learned from the A+DS DesignReview process on master planning andplace-making;provide additional resources and staff posts toA+DS to prioritise its work on regeneration,housing and public sector projects;encourage the expansion of the emergingnetwork of Design Champions amongst localauthorities and bodies such as NHSScotland;support a three-year programme of activity ledby A+DS to promote better standards of designin healthcare projects;support A+DS in working with the recentlyestablished Urban Regeneration Companiesto support the delivery of well-designedregeneration projects;>>>>>regularly review and update the Executive’sConstruction Procurement Manual in respect ofissues influencing design quality outcomes;promote the creative use of public art in publicsector projects and work with SAC and itssuccessor body Creative Scotland to encouragegreater opportunities for the early involvementof artists in building projects;widen the scope of the policy to encompass thepromotion of landscape design as a means ofencouraging better design and place-making;hold an international seminar on landscape inpartnership with Architectuur Lokaal from theNetherlands; anddevelop the Policy on Architecture ProgressGroup as a means to review the success ofactions taken and develop stronger links withthe network of organisations with an interest inthe built environment.OBJECTIVE 2We will:>>promote the cultural value of architecture andrelated design disciplines;support a national ACCESS to Architecturecampaign led by The Lighthouse to raiseawareness, encourage debate and involvementof local communities comprising:> exhibitions> publications> digital resources> an outreach programme> residencies> a mobile architecture centre

encourage the establishment of a new networkof local architecture centres;support the SIX Award scheme and exhibition tocelebrate the work of students studying at theScottish schools of architecture;support the following awards schemes topromote and celebrate high quality architectureand planning:> RIAS Doolan Award for Best <strong>Building</strong> inScotland> Saltire Society Housing Awards> Scottish Awards for Quality in Planningsupport the delivery of Scotland’s first ever SixCities Design Festival in 2007; andcontinue to promote Scottish architecturethrough international events and exhibitionsand represent Scottish interests in the EUForum on Architectural Policies.OBJECTIVE 3We will:>>>>through the ACCESS to Architecturecampaign, put in place measures to build upcapacity, knowledge and skills on builtenvironment issues within local communities;support the development of the A+DS Enablingprogramme to address skills and knowledgegaps in commissioning processes;encourage the involvement and engagement ofyoung people in the built environment throughthe <strong>Building</strong> Connections initiative and website;build on the innovative work carried out in theFuture Learning and Teaching (FLaT) Project‘Design for Learning: 21st Century Schools’ by>>>>>establishing a new two-year project ‘Designs onMy Learning’ to engage young people in schooldesign issues;highlight the work of emerging talent inarchitecture and related design disciplines witha themed programme of activity led by TheLighthouse in 2008;establish a national reference group inpartnership with A+DS, RIAS and other relatedorganisations to assist in the co-ordination ofresearch activity in Scotland;support the development of the ImprovementService for Scottish local government and A+DSscheme to provide a design trainingframework for local authority planningdepartments;support the development of exemplardevelopments such as:> the Highland Housing Fair in 2009 toshowcase sustainable ruralhousing design;> a design competition for theredevelopment of the Bellgrove site inthe east end of Glasgow; andwork with A+DS, The Lighthouse and others toidentify the key strategic challenges on the builtenvironment facing Scotland and explore theseissues through a variety of events and inresponse develop new frameworks for action.98_99

OBJECTIVE 4We will:OBJECTIVE 5We will:>>>>>>ensure that the built environment is recognisedas a key consideration in terms of delivering asustainable future across Executive policyareas;extend the ‘Sust. The Lighthouse onSustainability’ programme by a further twoyears to raise client knowledge and publicawareness of sustainable design issues;continue to support the installation ofmicro-renewables in homes across Scotlandthrough the Scottish Community and HouseholdRenewables initiative;SBSA will publish new energy performancestandards in 2007;SBSA will take the lead in implementing theEnergy Performance of <strong>Building</strong>s Directive; andpromote accessible and inclusive design as setout in Planning Advice Note 78 – InclusiveDesign.>>>>>>>>promote a better understanding of the role ourexisting built heritage can play in newdevelopments through the forthcoming SPP onHistoric Environment and in partnership withother key agencies such as HEACS;continue to work with Historic Scotland topublish information and research on the careand maintenance of the historic environment;set out the Scottish Ministers’ strategicapproach to the historic environment throughthe publication of the Scottish HistoricEnvironment Policy (SHEP) series;within the forthcoming Culture (Scotland) Billestablish a new title for RCAHMS and place itscurrent functions onto a statutory footing;develop a new archive building for RCAHMS tohouse its expanded collection and providegreater public access to its collection;through events and projects such as the BasilSpence Archive project led by RCAHMS,promote a greater understanding or our20th century heritage and leading architects ofthe period;support the curation of a programme ofLighthouse exhibitions which support the aboveobjective commencing with an exhibition of thework of Gillespie Kidd and Coia in 2007; andwork in partnership with Civic Trusts and othervoluntary groups as part of the ACCESS toArchitecture campaign led by The Lighthouse.

Cover ImageJKS Workshops, Glasgow Road, ClydebankArchitects: Gordon Murray + Alan Dunlop Architects4. Saltire Centre, GlasgowArchitects: <strong>Building</strong> Design PartnershipPhotograph: Keith Hunter10. Perth Concert HallArchitects: <strong>Building</strong> Design PartnershipPhotograph: Keith Hunter15. Common-place exhibitionCurated by The Lighthouse18. Robin House Children’s Hospice, Loch LomondArchitects: Gareth Hoskins ArchitectsPhotograph: Andrew Lee Photography22 -23. Northern City exhibitionCurated by The LighthouseInstallation shown: Nathan Coley29. Solidarity Plaza, ClydebankArchitects: JM ArchitectsLandscape Architects: Loci Design31. Royal Aberdeen Children’s HospitalArts strategy: P.A.C.E.Architects: Mackie Ramsay Architects33. Saltire Centre, GlasgowArchitects: <strong>Building</strong> Design PartnershipPhotograph: Keith Hunter35. Carlibar Community Campus, East RenfrewshireArchitects: JM Architects36. 6000 Miles exhibitionCurated by The LighthousePhotograph: Andrew Lee Photography38. Architecture in Scotland2005-2006 / Defining PlaceCurated by The LighthousePhotograph: Andrew Lee Photography47. The Bridge Arts Centre, Easterhouse, GlasgowArchitects: Gareth Hoskins ArchitectsPhotograph: Andrew Lee Photography49. Maggie's Highland Cancer Caring Centre, InvernessArchitects: Page and Park ArchitectsPhotograph: Keith Hunter51. Scottish Storytelling Centre, EdinburghArchitects: Malcolm Fraser ArchitectsPhotograph: Keith Hunter52. St. Peter’s Primary School, EdinburghArchitects: Holmes PartnershipPhotograph: Paul Zanre Photography56. Anatomy of the House exhibitionCurated by The Lighthouse61. Hidden Gardens Project, GlasgowNVA (Environmental Arts Charity) + artist teamLandscape Architects: City Design Co-operativePhotograph: Alan McAteer63. Aqualibrium, CampbelltownArchitects: Page and Park Architects65. Girvan MasterplanArchitects: Sutherland Hussey Architects66. Scottish Natural Heritage headquarters, InvernessArchitects: Keppie Design70. Maggie’s Cancer Caring Centre, Kirkcaldy, FifeArchitects: Zaha Hadid ArchitectsPhotograph: Werner Huthmacher, Berlin73. Springboig Avenue, GlasgowArchitects: Chris Stewart ArchitectsPhotograph: Andrew Lee Photography75. Signal Station House, North QueensferryArchitects: Icosis ArchitectsPhotograph: Andrew Lee Photography77. RBS World Headquarters, Gogarburn, EdinburghLandscape Architects: EDAWArchitects: Michael Laird ArchitectsPhotograph: Keith Hunter© arcblue.com79. His Majesty’s Theatre extension, AberdeenArchitects: Aberdeen City Council architectsConservation Architects: LDN Architects81. Telford Road, EdinburghArchitects: Gordon Murray + Alan Dunlop ArchitectsPhotograph: Keith Hunter82. Kelvingrove New Century ProjectArchitects: <strong>Building</strong> Design PartnershipPhotograph: David Barbour84. Carnelley Link <strong>Building</strong>, University of DundeeArchitects: Nicoll Russell StudiosPhotograph: Keith Hunter© arcblue.com93. Shetland Museum and ArchivesArchitects: <strong>Building</strong> Design PartnershipConservation architects:Nicholas Groves-Raines ArchitectsPhotograph: David Cooper95. Silvermill residential development, EdinburghArchitects: Reiach and Hall Architects& Oberlanders Architects97. Netherlands Belvedere StrategyProjectbureau BelvederePhotograph: Donna Brooks1. (in rows from left to right)JKS Workshops, Glasgow Road, ClydebankArchitects: Gordon Murray + Alan Dunlop ArchitectsEdinburgh Airport, Control TowerArchitects: Reid ArchitectsPerth Concert HallArchitects: <strong>Building</strong> Design PartnershipPhotograph: Keith HunterSilvermill residential development, EdinburghArchitects: Reiach and Hall Architects& Oberlanders ArchitectsArchitecture in Scotland 2005-2006 / Defining PlaceCurated by The LighthousePhotograph: Andrew Lee PhotographySolidarity Plaza, ClydebankArchitects: JM ArchitectsLandscape Architects: Loci DesignSaltire Centre, GlasgowArchitects: <strong>Building</strong> Design PartnershipHousing Development, Cramond, EdinburghArchitects: Richard Murphy ArchitectsScottish Natural Heritage headquarters, InvernessArchitects: Keppie DesignRBS World Headquarters, Gogarburn, EdinburghLandscape Architects: EDAWArchitects: Michael Laird ArchitectsPhotograph: Keith Hunter© arcblue.comRoyal Aberdeen Children’s HospitalArts strategy: P.A.C.E.Architects: Mackie Ramsay ArchitectsFeast by Lucy Casson. Sculptures made from coloured plasterpicnicking on the roof of the Hospital.Photograph: Mike DavidsonScottish Storytelling Centre, EdinburghArchitects: Malcolm Fraser ArchitectsHis Majesty’s Theatre extension, AberdeenArchitects: Aberdeen City Council architectsConservation Architects: LDN ArchitectsEdinburgh Quay, Phase OneArchitects: Michael Laird ArchitectsPhotograph: Paul Zanre PhotographyMaggie's Highland Cancer Caring Centre, InvernessArchitects: Page and Park ArchitectsPhotograph: Keith HunterISBN: 978-0-7559-5276-2 Scottish Executive, St Andrew’s House,Edinburgh EH1 3DGProduced for the Scottish Executive by RR Donnelley B49070 2/07Published by the Scottish Executive, February, 2007The text pages of this document are produced from100% elemental chlorine-free, environmentally-preferredmaterial and are 100% recyclable

© Crown copyright 2007This document is also available on the Scottish Executive website:www.scotland.gov.ukRR Donnelley B49070 2/07Further copies are available fromBlackwell's Bookshop53 South BridgeEdinburghEH1 1YSTelephone orders and enquiries0131 622 8283 or 0131 622 8258Fax orders0131 557 8149Email ordersbusiness.edinburgh@blackwell.co.ukw w w . s c o t l a n d . g o v . u k