Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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APOSTART-derived SCAR markers discriminate between apomictic andsexual Poa pratensis L. genotypesE. Albertini, R. Torricelli and M. FalcinelliDept. of Applied Biology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (Italy)Apomixis is a challenging trait and offers unique opportunities for developing superior varietiessince it enables us to develop hybrids or genotypes that breed true regardless of heterozygosity.Apomixis would make it possible to fix the genotype of a superior plant variety bred for aparticular environment or market niche so that clonal seeds could be continuously and cheaplyproduced independent of pollination. If apomixis were well understood and harnessed, it couldbe exploited to indefinitely propagate superior hybrids or specific genotypes bearing complexgene sets. Until the gene(s) that promote and control apomixis are molecularly understood, thistrait can only be introgressed into agricultural crops through traditional breeding methods, mostof which are slow and laborious and require progeny tests for the selection of apomicticgenotypes after each round of backcrossingIn our previous work by applying the cDNA-AFLP transcriptional profiling technique weisolated messengers from developmental staged inflorescences of Poa pratensis L. In particular,more than two thousands transcript-derived fragments were visualized 179 of which weredifferentially expressed between apomictic and sexual genotypes. A major finding is that most ofthe genes expressed in florets displayed similar patterns during sexual and apomictic pathways.Of the about 8% of mRNAs differentially expressed between apomictic and sexual genotypes,the vast majority were attributable to genes with a differentiated temporal expression duringflowering. As few as 1.6% mRNAs specific to sexual or apomictic genotypes were found,providing that a highly conserved developmental program exist in embryos during zygoticembryogenesis and apomeiotic parthenogenesis. In particular one of these genes (APOSTART)was found to be flower-specific and showed a differentiated expression in reproductive tissuesbetween apomictic and sexual genotypes of P. pratensis. We developed a SCAR marker from anAPOSTART apomictic-specific allele and then tested for its potential use in MAS programs.APO-SCAR primer pair was first tested on an F 1 population of 68 individuals segregating for themode of reproduction and on its parental genotypes. The APO-SCAR pair of primers produced asingle amplification product of 225 bp, present in the apomictic paternal genotype but absent inthe maternal sexual plant.Project supported by: Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia. Project 2008.021.498:Genomica comparativa e funzionale per caratterizzare i geni candidati al controllo dellemodificazioni del sistema riproduttivo.145
Effects of intraspecific competition on growth and seed yield of contrastingsulla genotypesG. Amato & D. GiambalvoDipartimento di Agronomia ambientale e territorialeUniversità di Palermo – Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.Email: amato@unipa.itAbstractSulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a short-lived perennial legume native to the Mediterraneanbasin, where it is grown extensively as a 2-year forage crop. <strong>Seed</strong> is often obtained as asecondary product from second-year crops established to produce forage. Very little informationis available on seed yield capacity in the first year of the crop cycle and on the influence ofagronomical techniques on the reproductive process. The present study aimed to evaluate theeffect of intraspecific competition on dry matter accumulation (both in epigeic organs and intaproots) and seed production in the first year of a crop cycle for two contrasting genotypes. Twofield trials were carried out in a Mediterranean environment during the 2003/2004 and2004/2005 growing seasons. The experiment was set up as a split-plot design with fourreplications. The treatments were as follows: 1) genotype: Gangi or Resuttano (both originatedfrom inside Sicily but differed in terms of growth rate during the 2 years of the cycle); and 2)intraspecific competition realized by means of two plant densities: 100 and 600 plants m -2 . Theresults showed that in the first year of the cycle, the two landraces had very different behavior:Resuttano tended to accumulate C reserves in taproots, whereas Gangi used the photoassimilatesmainly for epigeic growth and the gamic reproduction process. As a result, Gangi producedabout 550 kg ha -1 seed, whereas Resuttano had a negligible seed yield. The increase inintraspecific competition increased above- and belowground biomass at the beginning offlowering irrespective of genotype but had no effect on crop growth or seed yield at maturity.IntroductionSulla (Hedysarum coronarium L., syn. Sulla coronaria [L.] Medik.) is a short-lived perenniallegume native to the Mediterranean basin (Talamucci, 1998), where it is grown extensively as a2-year forage crop for grazing and/or hay or silage production. The species plays a key role incereal-based systems of semi-arid regions, particularly in organic and low-input agriculture. It iscommonly used to enhance the productivity and sustainability of farming systems (e.g., to supplynitrogen and to maintain soil organic matter). Recently there has been a newfound interest insulla both in traditional and in nontraditional areas because of its excellent adaptability tomarginal and drought-prone environments (Borreani et al., 2003; Annichiarico et al., 2008).Moreover, it has several non-agricultural uses; for example, it is planted for soil protection(Watson, 1982) and revegetation of disturbed lands (Flores et al., 1997) as well as for honey146
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
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Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
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Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
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Stresses associated with germinatio
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correspond to electrical conductivi
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applied later in the fall was more
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Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
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The seed vigour testing was perform
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Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116: Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122: The seed set is of major importance
Page 123 and 124: In grass species with poor seed ret
Page 125 and 126: support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128: weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130: ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132: Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134: 100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136: Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138: Crimson clover seed production in t
Page 139 and 140: Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
Page 141 and 142: deal of investigation into the caus
Page 143 and 144: genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146: Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 147 and 148: Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
Page 149 and 150: The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152: The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154: CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155: Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 159 and 160: flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162: The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164: Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166: ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168: Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170: Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172: Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174: Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
Page 175 and 176: population. However, in spite of th
Page 177 and 178: Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180: Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
Page 181 and 182: Variations on potential and harvest
Page 183 and 184: Determination of optimum desiccatio
Page 185 and 186: Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188: Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190: Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192: seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194: ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195 and 196: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 197 and 198: urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200: Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202: Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204: Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206: Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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