Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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In Bolivia, the trials carried out in Montero (17 o 20´S - 63º 10´W, 300masl, AAR 1300 mm), thefinal yield was 100 kilogram pure seed per hectare. Further improvement can be achieved, sinceseed swept samples collected by hand from the ground after mechanical harvesting reached morethan 350 kg pure seed ha -1 . New experiments are in the pipeline.Discussion and perspectivesWhen the components of seed yield are examined it appeared that the number of inflorescencesand seeds m 2 were the most critical components of yield. Planting early in the wet season, Mayor June (Northern Hemisphere), produced the most brachiariagrass hybrid seed in the currentstudy.Planting early enables farmers to cut forage from their seed crops before closing. The forage ofthe brachiariagrass hybrids cut before closing was of a very high quality in all trials, with a highproportion of leaf (55-60%) and a high leaf crude protein concentration that averaged over 15%.The time of final closing date defoliation was found to be extremely important for seedproduction of brachiariagrass hybrids in Thailand (Hare et al., 2007b) and Bolivia (J. H.Antezana Rojas, personal communication) as well as the length of the harvesting period as wasevaluated in Mexico.ReferencesHare, M.D., Tatsapong, P. & Saipraset, K., 2007a. Seed production of two brachiaria hybridcultivars in north-east Thailand. 1. Method and time of planting. Tropical Grasslands 41, 26-34.Hare, M.D., Tatsapong, P. & Saipraset, K., 2007b. Seed production of two brachiaria hybridcultivars in north-east Thailand. 2. Closing date defoliation. Tropical Grasslands 41, 35–42.Hare, M.D., Tatsapong, P. & Saipraset, K., 2007c. Seed production of two brachiaria hybridcultivars in north-east Thailand. 3. Harvesting method. Tropical Grasslands 41, 43-49.Miles, J.W., Valle, C.B. do, Rao, I.M. & Euclides, V.P.B., 2004. Brachiariagrasses. In: Moser,L.E., Burson, B.L., Sollenberger, L. E. Warm-season (C 4 ) grasses. Agronomy Monograph45. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, SoilScience Society of America, 745-783.Pizarro, E. A., Hare, M. D &. Miles, J. W. 2008. Proceedings of the XXI International GrasslandCongress. Beijing, China, p. 489.37
Alfalfa seed production in semi-humid climate of the southeast EuropeÐ. Karagić, S. Katić, D. Milić, S. Vasiljević and B. MilońevićInstitute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbiadjura.karagic@ifvcns.ns.ac.rsAbstractThe main characteristic of the seed production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in South EastEurope is an extremely wide variation of yield, depending on weather conditions in a specificyear, from 50 kg ha -1 to 1000 kg ha -1 . In the most important agricultural region of Serbia, duringthirteen years (1997-2009) and on four locations, there were measured alfalfa seed yields andmonitored basic meteorological data, such as maximum, minimum and average daily airtemperatures, insolation, rainfall and number of days with rainfall. The effect of ecologicalfactors on seed yield was pronounced. The lowest average yield was obtained in 2005 (49 kg ha -1 ), the highest in the year 2008 (530 kg ha -1 ), while the yield in 1998 was somewhat lower thanthe long term-average for the Serbia (283 kg ha -1 ). Highly significant positive correlations wereobtained between seed yield on one side and mean and maximal air temperatures and solarradiation on the other: 0.633 ** , 0.676 ** and 0.355 ** , respectively. Highly significant negativecorrelations existed between seed yield and precipitation data: for growing season (May-August),r = -0.667 ** ; for June-August, r = -0.660 ** , and for July-August, r = -0.761 ** , respectively. Themain limiting factor of alfalfa seed production in semi-arid climatic conditions of southeastEurope is a high rainfall during the growing season of alfalfa seed stand (May-August),especially in the stages of flowering and maturity (July-August).Key words: Medicago sativa L., seed, yield, lodging, environment, correlation.IntroductionAlfalfa is the most important forage legume due to its high forage yields of excellent quality. Thearea under alfalfa in the South East Europe takes between 3.5 % and 5 % of the total arable land.In Croatia, it is grown on 42.000 ha (Stjepanović et al., 2009), in Hungary 150.000 ha and inRomania on 500.000 ha (Valentina, pers. comm.). In Serbia, with its central position in the SouthEast Europe, alfalfa is cultivated on about 200,000 ha (www.fao.org). According to the data ofthe Department of Statistics, the production of the certified alfalfa seed in 2009 was carried out2.900 ha, while it is estimated that the non-certified alfalfa seed is produced on more than 1.000ha (Karagić et al., 2007).Alfalfa has a genetically determined potential render extremely high forage yields, which areoften in a negative correlation with seed yields (Bolanos-Aguilar et al., 2002). Good alfalfa38
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
Page 5 and 6: Seed yield components and yield per
Page 7 and 8: International Herbage Seed Conferen
Page 9 and 10: 16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
Page 11 and 12: Hotel expense is covered for night
Page 13 and 14: 40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
Page 17 and 18: $7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
Page 19 and 20: principle and encourages both AgriL
Page 21 and 22: eceived by growers, the above perce
Page 23 and 24: seed conditioning plants are locate
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
Page 27 and 28: system, a seed crop is produced fro
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
Page 31 and 32: y land owners. Seed yields are low
Page 33 and 34: The influence of planting density o
Page 35 and 36: Simple correlation and regression a
Page 37 and 38: Variation in seed shattering in a g
Page 39 and 40: Seed retention (SR) was calculated
Page 41 and 42: mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
Page 43 and 44: Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
Page 45 and 46: Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47: Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 51 and 52: Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54: ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
Page 55 and 56: ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61 and 62: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64: Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66: Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69 and 70: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
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Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
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The seed vigour testing was perform
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Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
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Reliability of salinity screening L
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AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
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Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
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The seeds were collected from the A
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increases germination to its potent
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Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
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Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
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Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
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Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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