Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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emergence is, on average, 120 kg ha-1 for the tall fescue. The total N uptake by the plant is 30%more, if we take into account uptake by the roots and the lowest parts of the crop which are notcut.So, we consider the total and optimum nitrogen uptake at ear emergence is 160 kg ha -1 (120 kg Nha -1 aerial part + 40 kg N ha -1 root part).• Nitrogen balance methodIn the second part of study, the N mineral supply is calculated for 17 tall fescue seed crops (table1) with the next equation:N supply = (Plant N + N 0 ) – (RSH + Mr + Mh + Mo)With: Plant N: plant N uptake at ear emergence, N 0: N unavailable by the plant, RSH: soilnitrogen content at the end of winter; Mr: mineralization of vegetal residue; Mh: mineralizationof humus; Mo: mineralization of organic matterFor these 17 situations, N supply N uptake, at ear emergence, and seed yield are presented intable 2. The results show that for the majority of trials in first harvest (n° 1 to 9), the modality T2(N calculated with balance method) led to reduce the N mineral supply of about 10 kg ha -1without any significant different in seed yield. For these situations, the maximum seed yield isgenerally reached in T2.For situations in second harvest (n° 10 to 16), the N supply by the N balance method (T2) isgenerally higher that the usual farmer practice. The modality T2 increases the N supply of about3 kg ha -1 (with an important variation from +40 kg N/ha to -40 kg N/ha), and increase the seedyield with a significant difference, in more than 75% of situations. Use the nitrogen balancemethod, for tall fescue in secondary harvest, is very pertinent. This method induces most of thetime to reach the maximum of yield compared to a empirical method.In situations 8, 9, 17 and 16, nitrogen balance method is used with the same total nitrogen uptake(160 kg N/ha) for two types of fescue: turf type (variety TOMAHAWK) and forage type (varietyDULCIA). The results show a similar nitrogen uptake at ear emergence (140 kg N/ha) but yieldsmark the difference between variety TOMAHAWK (2137 kg ha -1 ) and DULCIA (935 kg ha -1 ).The experiments pointed out similar needs between two different fescue types: turf type andforage type even if the yield level is too different.In situation 2, farmer practice is more important that nitrogen balance method, the differencebetween T2 and T3 is equal to - 28 kg N/ha. The nitrogen mineral supply by the farmer inducesthe beating down of crop by overfeeding. Nitrogen supply, by calculated method, is more right.In all cases, yield obtained by nitrogen balance method is higher to seed yield T3 (figure 2), andthe nitrogen uptake at ear emergence is not too far to 120 kg N/ha (the mean is 145 kg N ha -1 ).77
Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe results of these experiments show that the maximum seed yield of tall fescue was reached atabout 160 kg ha-1 of total nitrogen uptake at the end of ear emergence. The differentexperiments confirmed the validity of the nitrogen balance method. In few cases, the soilcontribution to the total requirement of the crop can be high.The total N uptake by tall fescue is equal in the different types (turf and forage) as well as indifferent year of harvest (1 rst or 2 nd harvest).Figure 1: Yield response to nitrogen uptake in aerial part, at ear emergence, for tall fescue (total of 158datasets)1008060402000 50 100 150 200 250Nitrogen uptake at ear emergence (kg/ha)78
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
Page 37 and 38: Variation in seed shattering in a g
Page 39 and 40: Seed retention (SR) was calculated
Page 41 and 42: mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
Page 43 and 44: Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
Page 45 and 46: Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47 and 48: Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 49 and 50: Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
Page 51 and 52: Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54: ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
Page 55 and 56: ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61 and 62: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64: Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66: Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69 and 70: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116: Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122: The seed set is of major importance
Page 123 and 124: In grass species with poor seed ret
Page 125 and 126: support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128: weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130: ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132: Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134: 100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136: Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138: Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202:
Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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