Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Table 1. Potential and actual seed yield of Lotus tenuis (kg ha -1 ) for three plant densities and two plantingdates. Means with equal letter indicates no significant differences between densities within sowing date(Tukey HSD at 5 %).Planting Density <strong>Seed</strong> Yield (kg ha -1 )Date Potential Harvestedlow 655.2 b 222.5 bSpring medium 1174.2 a 508.7 ahigh 1413.9 a 523.8 alow 342.6 b 295.6 bFall medium 485.4 b 427.8 bhigh 766.9 a 706.4 a171
Determination of optimum desiccation timing in white clover seed cropsR.J. Chynoweth 1 & M.P. Rolston 21 Foundation for Arable Research, PO Box 80, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand2 AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New ZealandEmail: chynowethr@far.org.nzAbstractTime of harvest experiments, defined as date of desiccation, were carried out at three sites on theCanterbury plains, in Lincoln, Leeston and Chertsey. Crop management was carried out by thehost farmer up to desiccation. Plots were desiccated at weekly intervals beginning three weeksafter peak flowering and extending to eight weeks post peak flowering. Harvest consisted of twostrips cut by a rotary lawn mower, dried and threshed and yields calculated as kg ha -1 . There wasa linear yield increase of 40% from weeks 3 to 7. Based on thermal time optimum harvest datewas approximately 725 C° days after peak flowering.IntroductionWhite clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an important crop on arable farms in the Canterbury regionof New Zealand where it provides an ideal break crop in the wheat, grass seed and vegetableseed crops rotation. However white clover seed crops can be highly variable in their harvestedseed yield which can have large effects on profitability. Common yields range from 200 to over1200 kg ha -1 depending on grower management and weather conditions experienced during thesummer period. Commonly white clover is desiccated prior to harvest using diquat (600g activeingredient ha -1 ) and combine harvesting follows 3-5 day later. The timing of desiccation is oftena difficult decision due to the indeterminate nature of white clover where flowering often occursover several weeks. General guidelines to the harvesting of herbage seeds were published bySimon et al. (1997) which include suggestions on harvest timing including days after flowering,seed color and seed moisture content etc.The use of thermal time has been successfully used in computer simulation to estimate the timefrom anthesis until maturity e.g. Sirius wheat model (Jamieson et al. 1998). Within the Siriuswheat model the time from anthesis until maturity is split into three sections, i) anthesis to thebeginning of grain fill, this is based on one phyllochron. ii) Grain filling, typically based on 550C° days (base temperature 0 °C) with thermal time based on air temperature. iii) An interval of200 C° days is allowed for the grain to dry down after the end of grain filling. Data supportingthe use of thermal time on cereals in relation to seed development has also been presented byLoss et al. (1989) and reviewed by Hay and Kirby (1991). Moot (2000) suggested thermal timealone gave the best correlation for the prediction on the seed filling period in 32 differentbrassica cultivars when trialed under Canterbury growing conditions.172
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
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Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
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Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
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Stresses associated with germinatio
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correspond to electrical conductivi
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applied later in the fall was more
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Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
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The seed vigour testing was perform
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Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
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Reliability of salinity screening L
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AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
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Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
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The seeds were collected from the A
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increases germination to its potent
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Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
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Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
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Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132: Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134: 100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136: Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138: Crimson clover seed production in t
Page 139 and 140: Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
Page 141 and 142: deal of investigation into the caus
Page 143 and 144: genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146: Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 147 and 148: Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
Page 149 and 150: The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152: The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154: CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156: Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157 and 158: Effects of intraspecific competitio
Page 159 and 160: flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162: The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164: Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166: ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168: Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170: Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172: Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174: Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
Page 175 and 176: population. However, in spite of th
Page 177 and 178: Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180: Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
Page 181: Variations on potential and harvest
Page 185 and 186: Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188: Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190: Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192: seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194: ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195 and 196: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 197 and 198: urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200: Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202: Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204: Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206: Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
Page 207 and 208: KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
Page 209 and 210: Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
Page 211 and 212: and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
Page 213 and 214: Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
Page 215 and 216: Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
Page 217 and 218: inflorescece number and seed yield
Page 219 and 220: Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
Page 221 and 222: Effect of sowing density on seed yi
Page 223 and 224: y-products of this grass seed crop
Page 225 and 226: Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
Page 227 and 228: Further culm length measurements ga
Page 229 and 230: chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
Page 231 and 232: Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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