Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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overseeded species when the bermudagrass turf was dormant (Richardson et al., 2001). Forbrevity, only the 2008 data will be presented in the present paper.Results and DiscussionSalinity effects on germinationGermination was first observed with intermediate ryegrass in the lowest salt solution at 4 daysafter seeding (DAS) (Fig. 1). All of the ryegrasses began germinating in the 7000 and 10000 mgl -1 solutions at 5 DAS. In the 12500 and 15000 mg l -1 solutions, ryegrass germination was firstobserved at 7 DAS. In all solutions except the 15000 mg l -1 , germination of meadow fescue wasfirst observed at 8 DAS, which is consistent with earlier reports comparing these species(Richardson et al., 2007). Minimal germination of meadow fescue was observed at the highestsalt concentration (Fig. 1).All of the ryegrasses obtained similar germination levels in each solution by 14 DAS andexceeded 80% germination in the lowest two salt concentrations (Fig. 1). There was a reductionin final germination of the ryegrasses observed at the 12500 and 15000 mg l -1 , with maximumgermination of approximately 60% and 45%, respectively (Fig. 1). Meadow fescue followed asimilar trend, except the final germination of this species was reduced to approximately 75% inthe 10000 mg l -1 solution, 20% in the 12500 mg l -1 solution, and less than 5% in the highest saltconcentration.The overall conclusion from this study is that tetraploid ryegrass has similar salt tolerance,relative to seed germination, as other commonly-used ryegrass species. As these grasses arebeing applied to many overseeding situations, further research on its salt tolerance as a matureplant would be worthwhile. Germination of meadow fescue appears to be more sensitive toincreasing salt levels compared to the ryegrasses and would not be currently recommended inareas where low-quality water is being used. However, it should be noted that the saltconcentrations used in this study were quite high. The 10000 mg l -1 solution would approximatea 1:1 mixture of fresh water and sea water and there was minimal germination inhibitionobserved in any species at that salinity level.Pre-plant cultivation and traffic response of overseeded grassesAerification and verticutting both provided better establishment for over-seeding grassescompared to the untreated control although differences were not dramatic (Fig. 2). A similar trialwas conducted in the 2009 season on a site with higher soil compaction and the pre-plantcultivation treatments had a bigger impact on initial establishment (data not shown).Traffic applied 4 WAP was consistently more detrimental than traffic applied at 1 and 2 WAP inall overseeding species (Fig. 2). The reason for this is currently unclear, but apparently traffic85
applied later in the fall was more detrimental, as the turf had less time to recover before growthslowed due to low temperatures. In one year of our studies, the pre-plant aerification also helpedreduce damage from traffic on seedlings (data not shown). This may be the result of reducedcompaction from the aerification. Regardless, these results suggest that cultivation can enhanceestablishment of overseeding grasses and this could be very beneficial in transition-zoneenvironments where there is a limited establishment period in the fall.ReferencesDudeck, A.E. and C.H. Peacock. 1980. Effects of several overseeded ryegrass on turf quality,traffic tolerance, and ball roll. In: R.W. Sheard (ed.) Proc. Fourth Int. Turf. Res Conf.,Guelph, Canada, Ontario Agr. Coll., Guelph, Ont., 75-81.Johnson, C. J., Leinauer, B., Ulery, A. L., Karcher, D. E., and Goss, R. M. 2007. Moderatesalinity does not affect germination of several cool- and warm-season turfgrasses. Online.Appl. Turf. Sci. doi:10.1094/ATS-2007-0912-01-RS.Kneebone, W.R. and G.L. Major. 1969. Differential survival of cool-season turfgrass speciesoverseeded on different selections of bermudagrass. Crop Sci. 9:153-155.Minner, D.D. and F.J. Valverde. 2005. Performance of established cool-season grass speciesunder simulated traffic. Int. Turf. Soc. Res. J. 10:393-397.Richardson, M. D., K.W. Hignight, R.H. Walker, C.A. Rodgers, D. Rush, J.H. McCalla, andD.E. Karcher. 2007. Meadow fescue and tetraploid perennial ryegrass - two new species foroverseeding dormant bermudagrass turf. Crop Sci. 47:83-90.Richardson, M. 2004. Morphology, turf quality, and heat tolerance of intermediate ryegrass(Lolium perenne x L. multiflorum). HortScience 39:170-173.Schmidt, R.E. and J.F. Shoulders. 1977. Seasonal performance of selected temperate turfgrassesover-seeded on bermudagrass turf for winter sports. In: J.B. Beard (ed.) Proc. Third Int.Turf. Res Conf., Munich, West Germany, Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wisc., 75-86.Summerford, J., D. Karcher, M. Richardson, A. Patton and J. Boyd. 2008. Cultural practices toimprove the performance of overseeded meadow fescue and tetraploid ryegrass. ArkansasTurfgrass Report 2007, Ark. Ag. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 557:85-90.Throssell, C. S., Lyman, G. T., Johnson, M. E., Stacey, G. A., and Brown, C. D. 2009. Golfcourse environmental profile measures water use, source, cost, quality, and managementand conservation strategies. Online. Appl. Turf. Sci. doi:10.1094/ATS-2009-0129-01-RS.86
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
Page 43 and 44:
Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
Page 45 and 46: Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47 and 48: Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 49 and 50: Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
Page 51 and 52: Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54: ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
Page 55 and 56: ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61 and 62: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64: Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66: Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69 and 70: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116: Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122: The seed set is of major importance
Page 123 and 124: In grass species with poor seed ret
Page 125 and 126: support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128: weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130: ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132: Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134: 100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136: Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138: Crimson clover seed production in t
Page 139 and 140: Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
Page 141 and 142: deal of investigation into the caus
Page 143 and 144: genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146: Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
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Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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