Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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DiscussionSeed yield change from N rate application is site specific and commonly does not translate toanother year or site. For many years, N rate trials have been conducted in both production areaswith the same result. No combination of soil N measurements adequately predicted spring N rate.Rather than attempting to use soil parameters to predict spring N requirement, an alternativeapproach is to measure N concentration to determine a critical level (Rowarth et al.1998). Nconcentration was measured in early reproductive growth with available time to add N andinfluence seed yield. Sampling perennial ryegrass seed production fields to assess Nconcentration has limitations: (i) is the time and effort needed to collect samples; (ii) is the timefrom sampling and tissue analysis to fertilizer application, and (iii) is the rapid dilution of N withstem elongation as N concentration is sensitive to the rapid change in plant growth and canchange quickly after N application. A dilution curve approach (Gislum et al. 2009) overcomesdilution effects but not delays in laboratory analysis of N.To adequately capture changes in biomass and tissue N concentration, N uptake estimation usingremote sensing is currently pursued (Flowers et al, 2009). Data used in this paper shows thatperennial ryegrass grown for seed assimilates N in a similar amount in two production regiondespite differences in the environment and crop management. This fact allows data combinationinto a single model for remote sensing and other predictive research.The N uptake required for maximum relative seed yield is not an absolute number as it willchange with data provided. Even so, it is a reasonable estimate that can initially be used forcomparison of early season N uptake estimates from remote sensing.ConclusionPerennial ryegrass grown for either turf or forage seed, requires the same amount of total N,approximately 150 kg/ha before N limits seed yield in both Canterbury, NZ and the WillametteValley, OR. The consistent amount of N in the crop provides opportunity for a universal modelof N use by the crop.AcknowledgementDr Chikako van Koten, statistician at AgResearch for data analysis; funding for the NewZealand trials was from a seed growers levy administered by the Foundation for ArableResearch. Funding for the Oregon trials was provided by the Oregon Seed Council and OregonRyegrass Growers Seed Commission.ReferencesCate, RB. & Nelson, LA. 1971. A simple statistical procedure for portioning soil test correlationdata into two classes. Soil Science Society America Proceedings 35: 658-660.53
Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young III, W.C.; Christensen, N.W.; Garbacik, C.J.; Mellbye, M.E.;Silberstein; T.B. & Gingrich G.A. 2009. Yield estimation and the assessment of in-seasonnitrogen status of perennial ryegrass for seed production using remote sensing. In: W.C.Young III (ed). 2008 Seed Production Research at Oregon State University USDA-ARSCooperating, Department of Crop and Soil Science Ext/Crs 128, 3/09, Corvallis, Oregon.Gislum, R. & Boelt, B. 2009. Validity of accessible critical nitrogen dilution curves in perennialryegrass for seed. Field Crop Research 111: 152-156.Hart, J.M.; Rolston, M.P.; Mellbye, M.E.; Silberstein; T.B.; Young III, W.C. McCloy B.L.,Gingrich G.A.; Christensen, N.W.; Gislum, R. 2007. Comparison of soil N tests forprediction of spring N rate in perennial ryegrass seed production. 6 th International HerbageSeed Conference, Norway: 239-243.Rowarth, J.S.; Boelt, B.; Hampton, J.G.; Marshall, A.H.; Rolston, M.P.; Sicard, G.; Silberstein,T.; Sedcole, J.R.; Young, W.C. 1998. The relationship between applied nitrogen, seedyield, and nitrogen concentration in herbage in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) 1.cv Grasslands Nui at five sites around the globe. Journal of Applied Seed Production 16:105-114.54
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
Page 3 and 4:
Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
Page 7 and 8:
International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
Page 13 and 14: 40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
Page 17 and 18: $7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
Page 19 and 20: principle and encourages both AgriL
Page 21 and 22: eceived by growers, the above perce
Page 23 and 24: seed conditioning plants are locate
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
Page 27 and 28: system, a seed crop is produced fro
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
Page 31 and 32: y land owners. Seed yields are low
Page 33 and 34: The influence of planting density o
Page 35 and 36: Simple correlation and regression a
Page 37 and 38: Variation in seed shattering in a g
Page 39 and 40: Seed retention (SR) was calculated
Page 41 and 42: mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
Page 43 and 44: Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
Page 45 and 46: Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47 and 48: Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 49 and 50: Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
Page 51 and 52: Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54: ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
Page 55 and 56: ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61 and 62: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63: Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69 and 70: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116:
Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118:
Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120:
Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122:
The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128:
weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130:
ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132:
Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134:
100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136:
Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138:
Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146:
Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 147 and 148:
Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
Page 149 and 150:
The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152:
The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154:
CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156:
Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157 and 158:
Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162:
The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164:
Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166:
ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168:
Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170:
Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172:
Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174:
Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180:
Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190:
Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192:
seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194:
ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200:
Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202:
Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204:
Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206:
Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
Page 213 and 214:
Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
Page 227 and 228:
Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
Page 233 and 234:
Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
Page 239 and 240:
Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
Page 241 and 242:
Relative humidity, seed moisture co
Page 243 and 244:
Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
Page 247 and 248:
ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
Page 255 and 256:
Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
Page 257 and 258:
Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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