Community Radio Pledge (pdf) - amarc

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every aspect of life of the local people while also becoming active for goodgovernance and transparency in public life, among others. Community radiois a most vibrant and broader ideological sphere of civil society. It has to bealso looked into as a homogeneous and harmonized cultural center. Acommunity radio must be always take stand in favor of objectivity, rationalityand just society. Briefly saying, a community radio should always be societycenteredand proactive. In other words, community communication shouldbe the fuel for society. Looked at in this light, community radio can bepositioned as depicted in the graphics below.Reactive RoleLocal CommercialRadioConventionalRadioCommunityCenteredCapital CityCenteredCommunityRadioDevelopmentRadioProactive RolePositioning MapOwnership and sustainabilityCommunity radio stations have been running under the ownership ofnon-profit making organizations in the history of community radio goingback to six decades until now. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)local governments, educational institutions, trusts, cooperatives andfoundations have been running the community radio. In Europe and Americatrusts, foundations and cooperative agencies are found running communityradios. Municipal bodies and schools are found to be involved in communitybroadcasting in the Philippines in large number.Going by general definition, 80 community radio stations operating inNepal as of 2008 after the first community radio was founded in 1997, can beput in the bracket of community radios. In Nepal there are three kinds oforganizations such as non-governmental organizations, cooperative andlocal governments involved in community broadcasting. Radio Sagarmatha41
OwnershipmodelsNGOModelFeatures Proxy ownership of community; Project- oriented and donor- driven; Limited scope and objective; Is tinged by bureaucratic process; No exit policy governing ownership.CooperativeModel Greater sense of ownership; Higher level of community participation; Locally generated fund; High level of volunteerism; Deep-rooted in community.LocalgovernmentModel Politically influenced; Limited community participation; Limited community ownership; Steeped in bureaucratic process; Transitional leadership.(Kathmandu) and Radio Swargadwari in Dang are run by NGO. RadioLumbini (Rupandehi) and Himchuli FM (Kaski) are run by a cooperativeorganization. Metro FM (Kathmandu) and Radio Madanpokhara (Palpa) arerun by local government.On the basis of organisational pattern Nepali community radios canbe classified into three models: NGO (Non-governmental organisation)model, cooperative model and local government model. Their respectivefeatures have been tabulated above.On the basis of an observation of the nature of membership, numbersand governance system from the perspective of community participation inradio, Nepali community radios can be classified into three models: passivemodel, active model and democratic model. Their respective features havebeen tabulated below.Often, community radios the world over are found to be depending on thesame kind of source when it comes to arranging the founding and operationalcost. Grant received from donors, donations coming from individuals andorganizations, regular membership fees, sponsorships and advertisement revenuemakes part of the income for community radios. Many community radio stationshave also been found to be producing special programs among listeners to42
Page 5: elated to ethics in community mass
Page 12 and 13: HistoryThe context of general welfa
Page 14 and 15: ApproachWhat is essential to bring
Page 16 and 17: Antinomian ethicsThe apologists of
Page 18: interlinked with masses was felt in
Page 22 and 23: Print mediaThe history of print med
Page 24 and 25: surrounding patriotism and feeling
Page 26 and 27: who would make journalists. The num
Page 28 and 29: coming from Supreme Court, and gove
Page 30 and 31: STUDY29
Page 32 and 33: episode involving Shrisha Karki. De
Page 34: sub-castes or community or when it
Page 38 and 39: Community radioCommunity broadcasti
Page 40 and 41: ehavior borne out of traditional mo
Page 44 and 45: ParticipationModelsPassiveModeFeatu
Page 46 and 47: FinancialCapitalHumanCapitalPhysica
Page 48 and 49: Concept of ethicsGoing by the defin
Page 50 and 51: Ethics: Issues(A) Right to informat
Page 52 and 53: The directive is a milestone on the
Page 54 and 55: himself are clear examples of it.Pu
Page 56 and 57: same is harmful to public health. T
Page 58 and 59: Scope of EthicsWhat is universal is
Page 60 and 61: programs which alert them towards t
Page 62 and 63: as attractive options.- Do not go i
Page 64 and 65: the event this is not followed, lea
Page 66 and 67: English language is a passport to a
Page 68 and 69: language uses the Nepali language e
Page 70 and 71: speakers. Similarly, a Nepali langu
Page 72 and 73: there are many words which have acq
Page 74 and 75: - Son is better raised in cities an
Page 78: AND LATTER YEARS77
Page 81 and 82: Talking about it in Nepalese perspe
Page 83 and 84: Changing professional valuesAlong w
Page 86: AND LEGAL CONTEXT85
Page 89 and 90: Universal Declaration ofHuman Right
Page 91 and 92: Article 9No one shall be subjected
Page 93 and 94:
operation and in accordance with th
Page 95 and 96:
Right to secrecyRight to secrecy is
Page 97 and 98:
CopyrightThe laws enacted to enforc
Page 99 and 100:
Slander and libelLibel and slander
Page 101 and 102:
Contempt of courtRemarks made or th
Page 103 and 104:
102
Page 105 and 106:
104
Page 107 and 108:
Declaration of the Code of Conduct
Page 109 and 110:
2. The sources of news should be tr
Page 111 and 112:
National Union of JournalismCode of
Page 113 and 114:
Professional electronic journalists
Page 115 and 116:
Professional electronic journalists
Page 117 and 118:
impropriety as well as any conflict
Page 119 and 120:
118
Page 121 and 122:
Some Rules Governing Journalists As
Page 123 and 124:
Code of Conduct for Journalists , 1
Page 125 and 126:
Press and Publication Code of Condu
Page 127 and 128:
Code of Conduct, 1983 As Issued ByP
Page 129 and 130:
6. These expressions are part of th
Page 131 and 132:
Code of Conduct for Journalist, 199
Page 133 and 134:
11. Just in the event one comes to
Page 135 and 136:
Muluki Ain (Ninth Amendment) Law Bo
Page 137:
Radio publications of CRSC/NEFEJ•
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Community Radio Pledge (pdf) - amarc

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