Chapter 21 Resource: Ecology

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Name Date Class3EnrichmentEndangered Species: The CheetahMeeting Individual NeedsDirections: Read the following information. Then answer the questions.Cheetahs once were common throughoutAsia and Africa. As the open grasslands thatcheetahs hunted in have been turned intofarms and towns, their numbers havedecreased. Now they are found only in parts ofeastern and southwestern Africa. Becausecheetahs are timid and live alone, it is difficultto estimate their numbers. Scientists estimatethat in 1900 about 100,000 cheetahs lived inthe wild. By the mid-1990s their numbers hadshrunk to between 5000 and 25,000.How the Cheetah HuntsCheetahs are best known for their speed.They are the fastest animal on land. A cheetahcan go from a standing start to 70 km perhour in two seconds. It can reach speeds ofmore than 100 km per hour, but only forshort distances. When hunting, a cheetah willstalk its prey for miles. Then, when it is about45 meters away, it gives chase. A cheetah’schase is successful about half the time. It oftendoesn’t eat its prey right away, because it needsto rest after its high-speed chase. For this reason,lions or hyenas sometimes steal the preythat a cheetah has killed.Adapted for SpeedA cheetah has a small, muscular body. Itsspine is very flexible, which helps the animalbend and leap while running. Unlike othercats, a cheetah cannot fully retract its claws,that is, pull them into its paws. This gives thecheetah added traction because it can dig itsclaws into the earth as it runs. As a result, theclaws are dull and not much use for fighting.The cheetah’s heart also is adapted to makehigh-speed chases possible. It is oversized andbeats rapidly. This means it can pump largeamounts of blood loaded with oxygen to thecheetah’s leg muscles. The oxygen keeps thosemuscles working powerfully.Applying Critical Thinking Skills1. Why do you think a cheetah gets so close to its prey before starting its chase?2. Why do you think a cheetah might want to avoid areas where lions live?3. What benefit, do you think, does the spotting pattern on a cheetah provide?4. Why can’t a cheetah survive in towns?Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.28 Ecology
Name Date ClassSection 1Note-takingWorksheetEcologyWhat is an ecosystem?A. An ______________________ is made up organisms interacting with one another and withnonliving factors to form a working unit.1. A frog eating an insect is an example of two ______________________ things interactingin an ecosystem.2. A frog using a stream as shelter is an example of an interaction between a living thing and a______________________ part of an ecosystem.B. ______________________ is the study of the interactions that take place among the livingorganisms and the nonliving parts of an ecosystem.1. Ecologists spend a lot of time ______________________, observing ecosystems up close.2. They also conduct experiments in ______________________.C. The ______________________ is the part of Earth where living things can live.1. Ecosystems on Earth include:a. ______________________,Meeting Individual Needsb. ______________________,Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.c. ______________________,d. ______________________,e. ______________________,f. ______________________,g. ______________________, andh. ______________________.2. The organisms that make up the ______________________ part of an ecosystem are calledbiotic factors.a. An organism depends on other biotic factors for food, shelter, protection, and______________________.D. The ______________________ things found in an ecosystem are called abiotic factors.1. The abiotic factor ______________________ is made of minerals, water, air, and organicmatter.2. The abiotic factor ______________________ determines which organisms live in aparticular place.Ecology 29
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