Chapter 21 Resource: Ecology

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Name Date ClassTeaching Transparency Activity (continued)EcologyOne of the basic interactions between organisms in a community revolves around eating—orbeing eaten. Plants can make their own food. All other living things must eat other organisms tosurvive.Directions: Read the chapter. Then, fill in the blanks. You may also consult the encyclopedia.1. A plant is called a(n) ___________________, indicating that it makes its own food. Anorganism such as the insect in the transparency is a(n) ___________________, indicating thatit eats other organisms. A(n) ___________________ is an animal that preys on otherconsumers, such as a hawk that might use the sparrow for food. Some animals aredecomposers, which means that they ___________________.2. The transparency pictures a food chain. This shows only two feeding relationships—betweensparrow and insect, and between insect and plants. A food web illustrates the variety of foodsthat organisms rely on. Suppose you wanted to construct a food web for a sparrow. You couldread about what sparrows eat. Besides insects, what kinds of foods might you include in yourfood web?Transparency Activities3. A niche is the role of an organism in nature. For example, often the “work” of eating plants isdivided up into niches. In Africa, zebras graze on grass, but antelopes browse on leaves andtwigs. Giraffes also eat leaves and twigs, but they concentrate on much higher branches thanthe ones an antelope can reach. Can you think of how it benefits these animals that they eatdifferent foods?4. Predators play a very important role in nature. For instance, ladybugs do not eat plants.Instead, they prey on plant-eating insects such as aphids. In fact, many gardeners (and agrowing number of farmers) use ladybugs instead of pesticides to control insects that threatencrops. Do some research about pest organisms that can cause disease or endanger foodsupplies, and enter their names at the head of each column below. Also research predators thatpeople can use to control those pests, and enter their names in the columns headed by the peststhey control.___________________ ___________________ ______________________________________ ___________________ ______________________________________ ___________________ ___________________Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.44 Ecology
Name Date ClassAssessmentTransparency ActivityEcologyDirections: Carefully review the chart and answer the following questions.InteractionSymbiosisCommensalismMutualismParasitismDescriptionIt is any close relationship between organisms.It helps one organism and does not affect the other.It benefits both organisms.It helps one organism and harms the other.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.1. According to the chart, which relationship benefits both organismsin the relationship?A commensalismB symbiosisC mutualismD parasitism2. Fleas living on a dog feed on the dog’s blood. According to thechart, what type of relationship is this?F commensalismG symbiosisH mutualismJ parasitism3. Which relationships have no negative effect on either organism’spopulation density?A commensalism and competitionB mutualism and predationC commensalism and mutualismD predation and competitionTransparency ActivitiesEcology 45
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