Chapter 21 Resource: Ecology

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Teacher Support & PlanningContent Outline for Teaching (continued)2. Predation is the act of one organism feeding on another.a. A bird of prey, such as a falcon, is an example of a predator.b. A facon’s prey is the organism it eats.3. When the African tickbird eats insects off a zebra’s skin, both organisms in the relationshipbenefit.4. A bird that builds its nest in a tree benefits but the tree is neither harmed nor helped.5. Insects biting a zebra’s skin harm the zebra but benefit themselves.D. Each type of organism has a different role to play in an ecosystem.1. The role of an organism in an ecosystem is called its niche.2. The place where an organism lives out its life is called its habitat.DISCUSSION QUESTION:What factors might prevent a population of dandelions from overtaking a lawn? Answers will vary.Student responses should include competition for soil nutrients, availability of water, competition fromother plant populations for space.Section 3Energy Through the EcosystemA. Energy moves through an ecosystem in the form of food.1. An organism that makes its own food, such as a plant, is called a producer.2. Consumers, like grasshoppers, eat other organisms.3. Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, use dead organisms and the waste material ofother organisms for food.B. A food chain models how energy from food passes from one organism to another.1. In an ecosystem, food chains often overlap.2. A food web is a series of overlapping food chains that shows all the possible feedingrelationships in an ecosystem.C. In an ecosystem, matter cycles through food chains.1. The amount of matter on Earth never changes.2. Matter in ecosystems is recycled.DISCUSSION QUESTION:Name the producers, consumers, and decomposers in the following list of organisms: a hawk, agrasshopper, a field mouse, grass, and a fungus. What are the feeding relationships among these organisms?The grass is a producer; the hawk, field mouse, and grasshopper are consumers; the fungus is a decomposer.The grasshopper eats the grass, the field mouse eats the grasshopper, the hawk eats the field mouse.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.T4<strong>Ecology</strong>
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Ecología¿Qué es un ecosistema?Lo que aprenderás■ A describir los factores vivos y no vivos de unecosistema.■ A explicar cómo las partes de un ecosistemainteractúan entre sí.Por qué es importanteEntender las interacciones de un ecosistema teayudará a entender tu papel en tu ecosistema.Vocabularioecosystem/ecosistema: comunidad de organismosvivos que interactúan entre sí y con losfactores no vivos.ecology/ecología: es el estudio de las interaccionesque tienen lugar entre los organismosvivos y los factores no vivos de un ecosistema.biosphere/biosfera: parte de la Tierra dondelos organismos pueden vivir.biotic factor/factor biótico: los organismosvivos que forman parte de un ecosistema.abiotic factor/factor abiótico: los factores novivos que forman parte de un ecosistema.Ecosistema en unabotellaQuizás piensas que los ecosistemas son zonasgrandes. Sin embargo, los ecosistemas puedenser de cualquier tamaño, incluso puedes crearun ecosistema en una botella de plástico.Preguntas del mundo real¿Qué partes forman un ecosistema?Metas■ Modelar un ecosistema■ Observar un ecosistema.Materialesbotella de 2 Ltijerasarenagrava para peceraregla métricaSpanish<strong>Resource</strong>saguaplantas de Elodeaolominaalimento para pecesMedidas de seguridadProcedimiento1. Lava la botella de plástico de 2 L con agua.Usando las tijeras, corta con cuidado la partede arriba de la botella.2. Vierte 5 a 10 cm de arena en la botella.3. Llena la botella con agua dejando 5 cmlibres. El agua debe estar en un recipienteabierto por dos días.4. Siembra la Elodea y agrega una capa de 2 cmde grava.5. Cuando el agua se aclare, agrega la olomina.6. Alimenta el pez con uno o dos copitos dealimento por día.7. Observa tu ecosistema todos los días y anotatus observaciones en la tabla de datos.Asegúrate de hacer observaciones sobre laspartes vivas y no vivas del ecosistema.Concluye y aplica1. Describe cómo trabajan juntas las partes enla botella para formar un ecosistema.2. Explica qué se necesita para mantener sanoal ecosistema.Comunica tus datosEscribe un diario de lo que haces todos los díaspara cuidar tu ecosistema y describe cualquiercambio que suceda con el tiempo.Relaciones entre los seres vivosLo que aprenderás■ A explicar cómo los ecológos organizan lossistemas vivos.■ A describir las relaciones entre los seres vivos.Por qué es importanteAprender cómo los seres vivos se relacionanunos con otros te ayudará a entender cómo túdependes de otros organismos para sobrevivir.Teacher Support & PlanningEcologíaT5
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Chapter 21 Resource: Ecology

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