Chapter 21 Resource: Ecology

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Teacher Support & PlanningSection 1Content Outlinefor TeachingWhat is an ecosystem?EcologyA. An ecosystem is made up organisms interacting with one another andwith nonliving factors to form a working unit.Underlined words andphrases are to be filledin by students on theNote-taking Worksheet.1. A frog eating an insect is an example of two living things interacting in an ecosystem.2. A frog using a stream as shelter is an example of an interaction between a living thing and anonliving part of an ecosystem.B. Ecology is the study of the interactions that take place among the living organisms and thenonliving parts of an ecosystem.1. Ecologists spend a lot of time outdoors, observing ecosystems up close.2. They also conduct experiments in laboratories.C. The biosphere is the part of Earth where living things can live.1. Ecosystems on Earth include:a. deserts,b. mountains,c. rivers,d. prairies,e. wetlands,f. forests,g. plains, andh. oceans.2. The organisms that make up the living part of an ecosystem are called biotic factors.a. An organism depends on other biotic factors for food, shelter, protection, andreproduction.D. The nonliving things found in an ecosystem are called abiotic factors.1. The abiotic factor soil is made of minerals, water, air, and organic matter.2. The abiotic factor temperature determines which organisms live in a particular place.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.T2Ecology
Content Outline for Teaching (continued)3. Another important abiotic factor is water.a. Some organisms are adapted for life in water.b. Water helps all living things carry out life processes, such as digestion.c. Water can also serve as shelter and a way to move from place to place.4. The abiotic factor sunlight is also essential to an ecosystem.a. The Sun is the main source of energy for most organisms on Earth.Teacher Support & Planningb. Energy from the Sun is used by green plants to produce food.c. Humans get energy by eating plants and other organisms that have fed on plants.E. Ecosystems change over time.DISCUSSION QUESTION:Think of a park near your home. What are some of the abiotic and biotic factors you would findin the park? Answers will vary. Students’ answers should include some of the following: abiotic—soil,rocks, water, items made by people, such as fences; biotic—animals, such as birds, insects, worms,people; plants, including trees, shrubs, and grass.Section 2Relationships Among Living ThingsA. Ecologists organize living things into groups to make it easier to study ecosystems.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.1. A population is a group of the same type of organisms living in the same place at the sametime.2. All of the populations that live in an area make up a community.3. Ecologists want to know the size of a population, where its members live, and how it is ableto stay alive.4. Ecologists determine population density by comparing the size of a population with its area.5. Ecologists use tags to study populations of animals that travel long distances.B. Populations do not have enough resources to grow larger and larger forever.1. Things that limit the size of a population are called limiting factors.2. Limiting factors include food, water, living space, and other resources.C. The most common interactions in a community are feeding interactions.1. Organisms will compete for any resource that is in limited supply.a. The greater the population size of an area, the greater the competition for resources.EcologyT3
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Chapter 21 Resource: Ecology

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