Handbook of Electrical Engineering For Practitioners in the Oil, Gas ...

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xv14.2.3 Pole amplitude modulated motors 39014.2.4 Wound rotor induction motors 39114.3 Group 2 Methods 39214.3.1 Variable voltage constant frequency supply 39214.3.2 Variable frequency variable voltage supply 39214.4 Variable Speed DC Motors 39414.5 Electrical Submersible Pumps 39414.5.1 Introduction 39414.5.2 Electrical submersible pump construction 39514.6 Control Systems for AC Motors 397References 40015 Harmonic Voltages and Currents 40115.1 Introduction 40115.2 Rectifiers 40215.2.1 Diode bridges 40215.2.2 Thyristor bridges 40415.2.3 Power transistor bridges 40715.2.4 DC motors 40715.3 Harmonic Content of the Supply Side Currents 41315.3.1 Simplified waveform of a six-pulse bridge 41315.3.2 Simplified commutation delay 41415.3.3 Fourier coefficients of the line current waveform 41415.3.4 Simplified waveform of a 12-pulse bridge 41715.4 Inverters 42115.4.1 Basic method of operation 42115.4.2 Three-phase power inversion 42215.4.3 Induction motor fed from a voltage source inverter 42315.5 Filtering of Power Line Harmonics 42915.6 Protection, Alarms and Indication 433References 43316 Computer Based Power Management Systems 43516.1 Introduction 43516.2 Typical Configurations 43516.3 Main Functions 43616.3.1 High-speed load shedding 43616.3.2 Load shedding priority table 43916.3.3 Low-speed load shedding 44016.3.4 Inhibiting the starting of large motors 44116.3.5 VDU display of one-line diagrams 44216.3.6 Active power sharing for generators 44316.3.7 Isochronous control of system frequency 44316.3.8 Reactive power sharing for generators 44416.3.9 Isochronous control of busbar voltage 44416.3.10 Condition monitoring of the gas turbines 44416.3.11 Scheduling the starting up and shutting down of the main generators 445
xvi16.3.12 Control of the reacceleration of motor loads 44616.3.13 Auto-synchronising of the main generators 44716.3.14 Data logging, archiving, trending display, alarms, messages andstatus reporting 44817 Uninterruptible Power Supplies 44917.1 AC Uninterruptible Power Supplies 44917.1.1 The inverter 44917.1.2 Coordination of the sub-circuit rated current with the inverterrated current 45017.1.3 Earth fault leakage detection 45117.2 DC Uninterruptible Power Supplies 45117.2.1 UPS battery chargers 45217.2.2 Batteries 45517.3 Redundancy Configurations 457References 45818 Miscellaneous Subjects 45918.1 Lighting Systems 45918.1.1 Types of lighting fittings 46118.1.2 Levels of illumination 46118.2 Navigation Aids 46318.2.1 Flashing marker lights 46318.2.2 White and red flashing lights 46418.2.3 Navigation buoys 46518.2.4 Identification panels 46518.2.5 Aircraft hazard lighting 46518.2.6 Helicopter landing facilities 46618.2.7 Radar 46618.2.8 Radio direction-finder 46618.2.9 Sonar devices 46718.3 Cathodic Protection 467References 46819 Preparing Equipment Specifications 46919.1 The Purpose of Specifications 46919.2 A Typical Format for a Specification 47019.2.1 Introduction 47119.2.2 Scope of supply 47119.2.3 Service and environmental conditions 47119.2.4 Compliant international standards 47119.2.5 Definition of technical and non-technical terms 47119.2.6 Performance or functional requirements 47219.2.7 Design and construction requirements 47319.2.8 Inspection and testing 47419.2.9 Spare parts 47519.2.10 Documentation 47519.2.11 Appendices 477
Page 1: Handbook ofElectrical EngineeringFo
Page 4 and 5: ContentsForewordPrefaceAcknowledgem
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Page 8 and 9: 9 Cables, Wires and Cable Installat
Page 10 and 11: References 308Further Reading 30912
Page 14 and 15: 20 Summary of the Generalised Theor
Page 16 and 17: ForewordThe oil, gas and petrochemi
Page 18 and 19: xxiiThe appendices contain comprehe
Page 20 and 21: About the AuthorThe author began hi
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42 HANDBOOK OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERI
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3Synchronous Generators and Motors3
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3.2.2 Transient State Armature Reac
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SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS AND MOTORS 6
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Table 3.1.generatorsGeneratorrating
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5Induction Motors5.1 PRINCIPLE OF O
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INDUCTION MOTORS 101Figure 5.1Commo
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INDUCTION MOTORS 103Figure 5.310 MW
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INDUCTION MOTORS 105Figure 5.4 Torq
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INDUCTION MOTORS 107slip. This is s
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INDUCTION MOTORS 109Figure 5.6 Sens
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INDUCTION MOTORS 111The shunt compo
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INDUCTION MOTORS 113The shunt compo
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Table 5.2.motorsRated power(kW)INDU
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Table 5.7.Rated power(kW)INDUCTION
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INDUCTION MOTORS 119R 22N , X 22N ,
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INDUCTION MOTORS 121500 to 516 give
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Table 5.12. Limits to motor ratings
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INDUCTION MOTORS 125• The use of
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INDUCTION MOTORS 127Figure 5.7Circu
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INDUCTION MOTORS 1295.10.5 Part Win
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9Cables, Wires and CableInstallatio
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CABLES, WIRES AND CABLE INSTALLATIO
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Table 9.8.Conductors Insulation Scr
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Table 9.10.ActualCSA (mm 2 )CABLES,
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Table 9.12.CABLES, WIRES AND CABLE
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EF = IX sin ØDF = IX cos ØCABLES,
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9.4.3.3.1 Worked exampleCABLES, WIR
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Table 9.25.CABLES, WIRES AND CABLE
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The equivalent full-load impedance
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Table 9.27.Cable current(kA)CABLES,
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Again let the cut-off current be 20
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Full-load current I txfl of the tra
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From (9.3) for ‘starting’ condi
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11Fault Calculations and Stability
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FAULT CALCULATIONS AND STABILITY ST
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Table 11.5.FAULT CALCULATIONS AND S
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11.11.1.2 Steady state stability of
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13Earthing and Screening13.1 PURPOS
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 353is usuall
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 35513.2.2.1
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 357Figure 13
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 363construct
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 365that have
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 367moulded c
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 369Annex A o
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 37113.4 CONS
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 373with a ve
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 377Find I c
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 379If the ca
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EARTHING AND SCREENING 383REFERENCE
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20Summary of the Generalised Theory
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GENERALISED THEORY OF ELECTRICAL MA
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f) The rotor equations involving th
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Appendix EList of Document Types to
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LIST OF DOCUMENT TYPES TO BE PRODUC
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LIST OF DOCUMENT TYPES TO BE PRODUC
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Appendix FWorked Example for Calcul
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WORKED EXAMPLE FOR CALCULATING THE
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Step 12.WORKED EXAMPLE FOR CALCULAT
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WORKED EXAMPLE FOR CALCULATING THE
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608 INDEXCables (Continued)Derating
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610 INDEXDirty engine, gas turbine
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612 INDEXFault making capacity 151F
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614 INDEXInductionRotational type o
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616 INDEXMotors (Continued)DC shunt
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618 INDEXProtection schemes and sys
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620 INDEXShaft torque and shaft pow
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622 INDEXTacho-generator for feedba
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624 INDEXVoltage (Continued)Standar
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