Who-Stole-Feminism.-How-Women-Have-Betrayed-Women

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72 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?laureate Barbara McClintock's achievements in cell biology were madepossible because of her outsider status, which gave scope to her uniquelyfeminine approach. As a woman of integrity, says Fox Keller, McClintockcould not accept the "image of the scientist modeled on the patriarchalhusband." 61This, according to Fox Keller, led McClintock to creative andradical redefinitions: "Nature must be renamed as not female, or, at least,as not an alienated object. By the same token, the mind, if the femalescientist is to have one, must be renamed as not necessarily male, andaccordingly recast with a more inclusive subjectivity." 62But ProfessorMcClintock herself does not accept Fox Keller's interpretation of herwork. As Fox Keller candidly acknowledges, "She [McClintock] woulddisclaim any analysis of her work as a woman's work, as well as anysuggestion that her views represent a woman's perspective. To her, scienceis not a matter of gender, either male or female; it is, on the contrary,a place where (ideally at least) 'the matter of gender drops away.' " 6 3Feminist critics have looked at the metaphors of "male science" andfound them sexist. I recently heard a feminist astronomer interviewed onCNN say in all seriousness that sexist terminology like "the Big BangTheory" is "off-putting to young women" who might otherwise be interestedin pursuing careers in her field. 64It is hard to believe that anyonewith an intelligent interest in astronomy would be put off by a graphicdescription of a cosmic event. Other critiques of science as masculinistare equally fatuous and scientifically fruitless. After asserting that "thewarlike terminology of immunology which focuses on 'competition,' 'inhibition,'and 'invasion' as major theories of how cells interact reflects amilitaristic view of the world," Sue Rosser, who offers workshops on howto transform the biology curriculum, concedes that "a feminist critiquehas not yet produced theoretical changes in the area of cell biology." 65She does not tell us how the "feminist critique" could lead to advances inbiology, but she considers it obvious that it must: "It becomes evidentthat the inclusion of a feminist perspective leads to changes in models,experimental subjects, and interpretations of the data. These changesentail more inclusive, enriched theories compared to the traditional, restrictive,unicausal theories." 66To some, just the promise of a female perspective in the sciences seemsenough. To demand more seems churlish to them. Sandra Harding hasmade feminist philosophy of science her specialty. Harding makes itsound as if merely articulating a feminist critique of male science isequivalent to having broken through to a feminist alternative: "When webegan theorizing our experiences ... we knew our task would be a difficultthough exciting one. But I doubt that in our wildest dreams we ever
TRANSFORMING THE ACADEMY 73imagined we would have to reinvent both science and theorizing itself inorder to make sense of women's social experience." 67Unfortunately, weare not given even a vague idea of how her alleged breakthrough mustnow affect the study of the natural sciences; in particular, we remain inthe dark on the question of what a feminist scientific curriculum wouldlook like and how it would lead to "reinventing science." As philosopherof mathematics Margarita Levin dryly remarks, "One still wants to knowwhether feminists' airplanes would stay airborne for feminist engineers." 68
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FEMINISMHOWWOMEN HAVEBETRAYEDWOMENC
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CHRISTINA HOFF SOMMERS is an associ
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WhoStoleFeminism?HowWomenHaveBetray
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AcknowledgmentsOf the many friends
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ContentsPreface 111. Women Under Si
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12 PREFACEto demonstrate that these
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14 PREFACEnors' offices, state heal
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16 PREFACEAmerican feminism is curr
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18 PREFACEshall take a look at the
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20 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Though she ha
Page 24 and 25: 22 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?such enclaves
Page 26 and 27: 24 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?have shown th
Page 28 and 29: 26 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?ist male had
Page 30 and 31: 28 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?of the Dutch
Page 32 and 33: 30 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?women, Africa
Page 34 and 35: 32 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?To conclude t
Page 36 and 37: 34 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?tual. These c
Page 38 and 39: 36 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?held at Mills
Page 40 and 41: 38 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Then Raphael
Page 42 and 43: 40 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?one of the fo
Page 44 and 45: 42 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?begin in and
Page 46 and 47: 44 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?'Moreover, we
Page 48 and 49: 46 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?etc.), childr
Page 50 and 51: 48 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?giving the bo
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 3Transforming theAcademyI a
Page 54 and 55: 52 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?University of
Page 56 and 57: 54 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?are only now
Page 58 and 59: 56 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?In the last t
Page 60 and 61: 58 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?is the Histor
Page 62 and 63: 60 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Morrow Lindbe
Page 64 and 65: 62 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?educated stud
Page 66 and 67: 64 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Minnich. Thei
Page 68 and 69: 66 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?tion of intel
Page 70 and 71: 68 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?for evaluatin
Page 72 and 73: 70 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?labus" desire
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 4New EpistemologiesSome gen
Page 78 and 79: 76 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?sional audien
Page 80 and 81: 78 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Promoting a g
Page 83 and 84: NEW EPISTEMOLOGIES 81educated, whit
Page 85 and 86: NEW EPISTEMOLOGIES 83lectual progra
Page 87 and 88: NEW EPISTEMOLOGIES 85son on the gro
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5The Feminist ClassroomThe
Page 91 and 92: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 89will agree
Page 93 and 94: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 91of feminis
Page 95 and 96: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 93students a
Page 97 and 98: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 95I. . . thi
Page 99 and 100: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 97But what t
Page 101 and 102: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 99sity of Mi
Page 103 and 104: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 101may find
Page 105 and 106: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 103what is i
Page 107 and 108: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 105Lee Edelm
Page 109 and 110: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 107ready to
Page 111 and 112: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 109days to g
Page 113 and 114: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 111criticizi
Page 115 and 116: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 113outside t
Page 117 and 118: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 1151. the de
Page 119 and 120: THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 117Toni McNa
Page 121 and 122: A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 119Intos
Page 123 and 124: A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 121make
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A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 123stron
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A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 125Impro
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A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 127reach
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A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 129had a
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A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 131all a
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A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 133In a
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A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 135colon
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Chapter 7The Self-Esteem StudyIn 19
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 139first, let
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 141soundness.
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 143someone wi
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 145psychologi
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 147boys and g
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 149When gende
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 151on Earth."
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 153better" sc
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THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 155of the Was
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Chapter 8The Wellesley Report:A Gen
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 159the biparti
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 161centage of
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 163students fr
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 165criticism.
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 167the claim t
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 169was prepare
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 171she knows w
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 173bias advoca
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 175evidence th
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 177an article
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 179politics? M
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 181in other co
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 183is known as
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 185rassment to
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THE WELLESLEY REPORT 187tens of mil
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NOBLE LIES 189wartime, but a husban
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NOBLE LIES 191either makes the clai
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NOBLE LIES 193In the past year, 3 m
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NOBLE LIES 195Gelles and Straus are
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NOBLE LIES 197couple, the Harris/Co
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NOBLE LIES 199chief probation offic
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NOBLE LIES 201ing up its defects. T
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NOBLE LIES 203periodicals uncritica
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NOBLE LIES 205use by the late seven
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NOBLE LIES 207wife, provided that h
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Chapter 10Rape ResearchI apologize
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RAPE RESEARCH 211eral questions abo
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RAPE RESEARCH 213clearly worded to
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RAPE RESEARCH 215responses to the a
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RAPE RESEARCH 217the Harris pollste
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RAPE RESEARCH 219center at St. Luke
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RAPE RESEARCH 221a rape crisis hot
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RAPE RESEARCH 223lower numbers of t
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RAPE RESEARCH 225licenses their ove
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Chapter 11The Backlash MythWhen reg
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 229calls Weight W
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 231The woman who
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 233to Wolf, "Rece
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 235Although Loven
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 237Faludi is espe
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 239become the maj
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 241shorter than f
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 243minority of aw
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 245inism, locked
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 247A large majori
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 249life most of t
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 251ogist in charg
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THE BACKLASH MYTH 253Humphrey was a
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Chapter 12The Gender WardensCensors
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THE GENDER WARDENS 257at home to ra
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THE GENDER WARDENS 259"ensure" that
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THE GENDER WARDENS 261perfectly at
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THE GENDER WARDENS 263good sex feel
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THE GENDER WARDENS 265If Paglia is
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THE GENDER WARDENS 267someday films
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THE GENDER WARDENS 269family values
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THE GENDER WARDENS 271Commission on
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THE GENDER WARDENS 273curators, edi
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THE GENDER WARDENS 275Roiphe, Midge
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NOTES 27711. Women's Studies Networ
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NOTES 279available through the AAUW
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NOTES 281Academic Questions 5, no.
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NOTES 283Chapter 4: New Epistemolog
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NOTES 28524. Elizabeth Fay, "Anger
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NOTES 28730. Doris Lessing, "Women'
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NOTES 28945. "Expectations and Aspi
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NOTES 29133. David Sadker, Myra Sad
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NOTES 29382. "Hostile Hallways: The
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NOTES 29535. Ibid., p. 7.36. See, f
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NOTES 297in Maria Roy, ed., Battere
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NOTES 29946. Katie Roiphe, The Morn
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NOTES 30121. Wolf, The Beauty Myth,
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NOTES 30360. Ibid., p. 321.61. Wolf
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NOTES 305extent to which the establ
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IndexABC, 186, 223-24Abrams, Mike,
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INDEX 309biology, 72birth defects:b
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INDEX 311Derrick, Jacques, 113-14de
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INDEX 313Handlin, Oscar, 84-85haras
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INDEX 315May, Alberta, 130medical d
Page 319 and 320:
INDEX 317in prison, 225researchers
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INDEX 319textbooks, 108for women's
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