Who-Stole-Feminism.-How-Women-Have-Betrayed-Women

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SIMON & SCHUSTERRockefeller Center1230 Avenue of the AmericasNew York, New York 10020Copyright © 1994 by Christina SommersAll rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in anyform whatsoever.SIMON & SCHUSTER and colophon are registered trademarks of Simon & Schuster Inc.Designed by Levavi & LevaviManufactured in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataSommers, Christina Hoff.Who stole feminism? : how women have betrayed women / Christina Hoff Sommers.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.1. Feminism—Philosophy. 2. Feminism—United States—History. I. Title.HQ1154.S613 1994305.42'0973—dc20 94-4734CIPISBN: 0671-79424-8The charts that appear on pages 246 and 247 are reprinted by permission of The CommonwealthFund, a New York-based national philanthropic organization.
AcknowledgmentsOf the many friends who helped me I single out those who read andcriticized the manuscript at various stages: Martin Boer, Robert Costrell,Barbara Ellis, John Ellis, Ronni Gordon, Don Klein, Erika Kors, EvelynRich, Gail Savitz, David Stillman, Abigail Thernstrom, and StephanThernstrom.I am grateful to Dawn Baker, an undergraduate at Boston University,Peter Welsh, a political science graduate student at Boston College, andAlex Stillman, an undergraduate at Johns Hopkins. They checked factsand looked for primary sources, which were more often than not difficultto trace. Special thanks also to Hilary Olsen for her many hours of proofreading,editing, and retyping.I am obliged to Lynn Chu and Glen Hartley for having urged me toundertake this book. My editor, Rebecca Saletan, has been superbthroughout the two years I took in writing it. Denise Roy and JaySchweitzer ably shepherded the book through the editorial and productionprocesses.
Page 1 and 2: FEMINISMHOWWOMEN HAVEBETRAYEDWOMENC
Page 3 and 4: CHRISTINA HOFF SOMMERS is an associ
Page 7: WhoStoleFeminism?HowWomenHaveBetray
Page 11: ContentsPreface 111. Women Under Si
Page 14 and 15: 12 PREFACEto demonstrate that these
Page 16 and 17: 14 PREFACEnors' offices, state heal
Page 18 and 19: 16 PREFACEAmerican feminism is curr
Page 20 and 21: 18 PREFACEshall take a look at the
Page 22 and 23: 20 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Though she ha
Page 24 and 25: 22 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?such enclaves
Page 26 and 27: 24 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?have shown th
Page 28 and 29: 26 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?ist male had
Page 30 and 31: 28 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?of the Dutch
Page 32 and 33: 30 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?women, Africa
Page 34 and 35: 32 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?To conclude t
Page 36 and 37: 34 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?tual. These c
Page 38 and 39: 36 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?held at Mills
Page 40 and 41: 38 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Then Raphael
Page 42 and 43: 40 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?one of the fo
Page 44 and 45: 42 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?begin in and
Page 46 and 47: 44 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?'Moreover, we
Page 48 and 49: 46 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?etc.), childr
Page 50 and 51: 48 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?giving the bo
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 3Transforming theAcademyI a
Page 54 and 55: 52 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?University of
Page 56 and 57: 54 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?are only now
Page 58 and 59:
56 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?In the last t
Page 60 and 61:
58 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?is the Histor
Page 62 and 63:
60 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Morrow Lindbe
Page 64 and 65:
62 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?educated stud
Page 66 and 67:
64 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Minnich. Thei
Page 68 and 69:
66 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?tion of intel
Page 70 and 71:
68 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?for evaluatin
Page 72 and 73:
70 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?labus" desire
Page 74 and 75:
72 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?laureate Barb
Page 76 and 77:
Chapter 4New EpistemologiesSome gen
Page 78 and 79:
76 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?sional audien
Page 80 and 81:
78 WHO STOLE FEMINISM?Promoting a g
Page 83 and 84:
NEW EPISTEMOLOGIES 81educated, whit
Page 85 and 86:
NEW EPISTEMOLOGIES 83lectual progra
Page 87 and 88:
NEW EPISTEMOLOGIES 85son on the gro
Page 89 and 90:
Chapter 5The Feminist ClassroomThe
Page 91 and 92:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 89will agree
Page 93 and 94:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 91of feminis
Page 95 and 96:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 93students a
Page 97 and 98:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 95I. . . thi
Page 99 and 100:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 97But what t
Page 101 and 102:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 99sity of Mi
Page 103 and 104:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 101may find
Page 105 and 106:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 103what is i
Page 107 and 108:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 105Lee Edelm
Page 109 and 110:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 107ready to
Page 111 and 112:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 109days to g
Page 113 and 114:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 111criticizi
Page 115 and 116:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 113outside t
Page 117 and 118:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 1151. the de
Page 119 and 120:
THE FEMINIST CLASSROOM 117Toni McNa
Page 121 and 122:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 119Intos
Page 123 and 124:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 121make
Page 125 and 126:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 123stron
Page 127 and 128:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 125Impro
Page 129 and 130:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 127reach
Page 131 and 132:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 129had a
Page 133 and 134:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 131all a
Page 135 and 136:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 133In a
Page 137 and 138:
A BUREAUCRACY OF ONE'S OWN 135colon
Page 139 and 140:
Chapter 7The Self-Esteem StudyIn 19
Page 141 and 142:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 139first, let
Page 143 and 144:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 141soundness.
Page 145 and 146:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 143someone wi
Page 147 and 148:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 145psychologi
Page 149 and 150:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 147boys and g
Page 151 and 152:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 149When gende
Page 153 and 154:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 151on Earth."
Page 155 and 156:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 153better" sc
Page 157 and 158:
THE SELF-ESTEEM STUDY 155of the Was
Page 159 and 160:
Chapter 8The Wellesley Report:A Gen
Page 161 and 162:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 159the biparti
Page 163 and 164:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 161centage of
Page 165 and 166:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 163students fr
Page 167 and 168:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 165criticism.
Page 169 and 170:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 167the claim t
Page 171 and 172:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 169was prepare
Page 173 and 174:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 171she knows w
Page 175 and 176:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 173bias advoca
Page 177 and 178:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 175evidence th
Page 179 and 180:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 177an article
Page 181 and 182:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 179politics? M
Page 183 and 184:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 181in other co
Page 185 and 186:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 183is known as
Page 187 and 188:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 185rassment to
Page 189 and 190:
THE WELLESLEY REPORT 187tens of mil
Page 191 and 192:
NOBLE LIES 189wartime, but a husban
Page 193 and 194:
NOBLE LIES 191either makes the clai
Page 195 and 196:
NOBLE LIES 193In the past year, 3 m
Page 197 and 198:
NOBLE LIES 195Gelles and Straus are
Page 199 and 200:
NOBLE LIES 197couple, the Harris/Co
Page 201 and 202:
NOBLE LIES 199chief probation offic
Page 203 and 204:
NOBLE LIES 201ing up its defects. T
Page 205 and 206:
NOBLE LIES 203periodicals uncritica
Page 207 and 208:
NOBLE LIES 205use by the late seven
Page 209 and 210:
NOBLE LIES 207wife, provided that h
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 10Rape ResearchI apologize
Page 213 and 214:
RAPE RESEARCH 211eral questions abo
Page 215 and 216:
RAPE RESEARCH 213clearly worded to
Page 217 and 218:
RAPE RESEARCH 215responses to the a
Page 219 and 220:
RAPE RESEARCH 217the Harris pollste
Page 221 and 222:
RAPE RESEARCH 219center at St. Luke
Page 223 and 224:
RAPE RESEARCH 221a rape crisis hot
Page 225 and 226:
RAPE RESEARCH 223lower numbers of t
Page 227 and 228:
RAPE RESEARCH 225licenses their ove
Page 229 and 230:
Chapter 11The Backlash MythWhen reg
Page 231 and 232:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 229calls Weight W
Page 233 and 234:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 231The woman who
Page 235 and 236:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 233to Wolf, "Rece
Page 237 and 238:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 235Although Loven
Page 239 and 240:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 237Faludi is espe
Page 241 and 242:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 239become the maj
Page 243 and 244:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 241shorter than f
Page 245 and 246:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 243minority of aw
Page 247 and 248:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 245inism, locked
Page 249 and 250:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 247A large majori
Page 251 and 252:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 249life most of t
Page 253 and 254:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 251ogist in charg
Page 255 and 256:
THE BACKLASH MYTH 253Humphrey was a
Page 257 and 258:
Chapter 12The Gender WardensCensors
Page 259 and 260:
THE GENDER WARDENS 257at home to ra
Page 261 and 262:
THE GENDER WARDENS 259"ensure" that
Page 263 and 264:
THE GENDER WARDENS 261perfectly at
Page 265 and 266:
THE GENDER WARDENS 263good sex feel
Page 267 and 268:
THE GENDER WARDENS 265If Paglia is
Page 269 and 270:
THE GENDER WARDENS 267someday films
Page 271 and 272:
THE GENDER WARDENS 269family values
Page 273 and 274:
THE GENDER WARDENS 271Commission on
Page 275 and 276:
THE GENDER WARDENS 273curators, edi
Page 277 and 278:
THE GENDER WARDENS 275Roiphe, Midge
Page 279 and 280:
NOTES 27711. Women's Studies Networ
Page 281 and 282:
NOTES 279available through the AAUW
Page 283 and 284:
NOTES 281Academic Questions 5, no.
Page 285 and 286:
NOTES 283Chapter 4: New Epistemolog
Page 287 and 288:
NOTES 28524. Elizabeth Fay, "Anger
Page 289 and 290:
NOTES 28730. Doris Lessing, "Women'
Page 291 and 292:
NOTES 28945. "Expectations and Aspi
Page 293 and 294:
NOTES 29133. David Sadker, Myra Sad
Page 295 and 296:
NOTES 29382. "Hostile Hallways: The
Page 297 and 298:
NOTES 29535. Ibid., p. 7.36. See, f
Page 299 and 300:
NOTES 297in Maria Roy, ed., Battere
Page 301 and 302:
NOTES 29946. Katie Roiphe, The Morn
Page 303 and 304:
NOTES 30121. Wolf, The Beauty Myth,
Page 305 and 306:
NOTES 30360. Ibid., p. 321.61. Wolf
Page 307 and 308:
NOTES 305extent to which the establ
Page 309 and 310:
IndexABC, 186, 223-24Abrams, Mike,
Page 311 and 312:
INDEX 309biology, 72birth defects:b
Page 313 and 314:
INDEX 311Derrick, Jacques, 113-14de
Page 315 and 316:
INDEX 313Handlin, Oscar, 84-85haras
Page 317 and 318:
INDEX 315May, Alberta, 130medical d
Page 319 and 320:
INDEX 317in prison, 225researchers
Page 321 and 322:
INDEX 319textbooks, 108for women's
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