the unity of process and possibility. We have fortoo long marginalised participatory traditions ofdemocracy and the radical educational pioneerswhose prefigurative practice lived what many ofus still only aspire to. Now is as a good a time asany to take stock: there is an urgency to our task,heightened by the literal and metaphorical nearbankruptcyof the economic and political systemunder which we live.If ‘Patterns of partnership’ suggests a variety ofways in which we can develop more democraticways of working together in schools, myten-point ‘Schools for democracy’ suggests awider institutional framework within which theycan contribute to radical democratic practice. 71 Education in and for radical democracyThere should be:• a proclaimed, not just an intended, democraticvitality, albeit one that bears in mind thedemands of context and circumstance.2 Radical structures and spacesThere should be:• permanent and proper provisionality• residual unease with hierarchy• transparent structures that encourage ways ofworking that transcend boundaries and invitenew combinations and possibilities• emphasis on the spatiality of democracy, oninterpersonal and architectural spaces thatencourage a multiplicity of different formsof formal and informal engagement with amultiplicity of persons• pre-eminence of the general meeting withinwhich the whole community reflects on itsshared life, achievements and aspirations.Here young people and adults makemeaning of their work together, returningtenaciously and regularly to the imperativesof purpose, not merely to the mechanics ofaccomplishment.3 Radical rolesThere should be:• ‘role defiance and role jumbling’ (RobertoUnger) among staff but also between staff andstudents. See ‘Patterns of partnership’ above.4 Radical relationshipsThis involves:• ‘re-seeing’ each other as persons rather thanas role occupants• nurturing a new understanding, sense ofpossibility, and felt respect between adultsand young people• having a greater sense of shared delight, careand responsibility.5 Personal and communal narrativeThere should be:• multiple spaces and opportunities for youngpeople and adults, to make meaning of theirwork, personally and as a community• necessary connection with radical traditionsof education.6 Radical curriculum, critical pedagogyand enabling assessmentFormal and informal curriculum must:• equip young people and adults with thedesire and capacity to seriously interrogatewhat is given and co-construct a knowledgethat assists in leading good and joyful livestogether• start with the cultures, concerns and hopes ofthe communities that the school serves• include integrated approaches to knowledgewith students and staff working in smallcommunities of enquiry.Critical pedagogy is:• a reciprocity of engagement and involvementnot only with the immediate community, butwith other communities and ways of being,at a local, regional, national and internationallevel.Enabling assessment involves:• forms of assessment at national and locallevels that have the flexibility to respond tothe particularities of context• high levels of peer and teacher involvementthrough assessment-for-learning approachesand additional community and familyinvolvement through public, portfolio-basedpresentations.7 See Fielding and Moss, RadicalEducation and the Common School,Chapter 2, for a more detailedaccount.Education for the good society | 37
8 Wilfred Carr and AnthonyHartnett, Education and theStruggle for Democracy: ThePolitics of Educational Ideas, OpenUniversity Press, 1996, p.194.9 Hywel Williams, ‘Schoolsthat teach children to lie’, NewStatesman, 9 October 2000.7 Insistent affirmation of possibilityThere should be:• a generosity of presumption that requires us tokeep options open, to counter the confinementof customary or casual expectation• no ability grouping, emulation rather thancompetition, and intrinsic motivation andcommunal recognition rather than theparaphernalia of marks and prizes.8 Engaging the localThis involves:• education as a lifelong process and the school asite of community renewal and responsibilityin which young and old explore what it meansto live good lives together• school and community seen as reciprocalresources for broadly and more narrowlyconceived notions of learning.9 Accountability as shared responsibilityWe should:• understand and enact democraticaccountability better as a form of ‘sharedresponsibility’ – morally and politicallysituated, not merely technically andprocedurally ‘delivered’• develop new forms of accountability bettersuited to a more engaged understanding ofdemocratic living.10 Regional, national and globalsolidaritiesThis involves:• regional, national and global solidarities madereal through reciprocal ideological, materialand interpersonal support through valuesdrivennetworks and alliances, which drawon and contribute to the dynamic of radicalsocial movements.No doubt there are emphases, omissions andpoints of contestation that readers would wish toraise. The key point, however, is that together wedevelop a framework for democratic schoolingthat is theoretically robust, practically achievable,and humanly inspiring. Without a framework ofthis kind we will be in danger of slipping backinto the insidious, sometimes unwitting, betrayalsof quietism, condescending statism or neo-liberalincorporation that have at different times robbedthe comprehensive school movement of its emancipatorypotential. Writing 15 years ago WilfredCarr and Anthony Hartnett observed that:‘despite its portrayal as an institution of democraticeducation all the evidence suggests that thecomprehensive school has reinforced rather thanchallenged those non-democratic aspects of theEnglish education tradition –exclusiveness, separation,segregation – that have always frustrateddemocratic educational advance.’ 8‘Although many readers would quarrel with suchan interpretation, the challenge it poses needsto be taken as seriously as ever. So, too, doesthe even deeper challenge R.H. Tawney posedtowards the end of the 1945 Labour Government,when according to Hywel Williams, he insisted.’‘The failure to abolish public schools wouldundermine everything the Labour movement hadachieved in other areas. It was the one reform thatmattered – the profound one from which all otherchanges in the way the English treated each otherand looked at the world would flow.’ 9‘Although the contemporary political caseremains disgracefully unargued, the moral, civicand democratic case remains as strong as ever.’‘Some changes have to start now –else there is no beginning for us’If we believe in deep democracy we must putdemocratic schools – schools as democratic institutionsin which adults and young people liveand learn democracy together – at the centre ofEducation for the Good Society. While we maynot immediately be in a position to emulatepioneers like Alex Bloom there is much we cantake from current advances in student voice andincreasingly inclusive approaches to leadershipin schools. If harnessed to the patterns of partnershipand democratic frameworks for whichI have been arguing, they have the potentialto contribute to a new phase of democratic38 | www.compassonline.org.uk
- Page 1 and 2: Educationfor theGoodSocietyThe valu
- Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements:Compass would like
- Page 5 and 6: ContributorsLisa Nandy is Labour MP
- Page 7 and 8: IntroductionEducation for the Good
- Page 9 and 10: 1 This article has been developedou
- Page 11 and 12: 8 See Ann Hodgson, Ken Spoursand Ma
- Page 13 and 14: 13 The most comprehensiverecent res
- Page 15 and 16: 1 See for example B. Simon, ‘Cane
- Page 17 and 18: 10 J. Martin, Making Socialists: Ma
- Page 19 and 20: the poorest homes (as measured by e
- Page 21 and 22: 1 In 2008, 15 per cent ofacademies
- Page 23 and 24: 1 Angela McRobbie, The Aftermathof
- Page 25 and 26: 8 Christine Skelton, Schooling theB
- Page 27 and 28: 1 See www.education.gov.uk/b0065507
- Page 29 and 30: 13 Barbara Fredrickson, ‘Therole
- Page 31 and 32: 6. Education forsustainabilityTeres
- Page 33 and 34: well as cognitively. Real understan
- Page 35 and 36: 7. Schools fordemocracyMichael Fiel
- Page 37: and joyful relations between person
- Page 41 and 42: 1 Winston Churchill, quoted inNIACE
- Page 43 and 44: 9 See http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/ed
- Page 45 and 46: 1 The Learning Age: A Renaissancefo
- Page 47 and 48: nities, and not have the public-pri
- Page 49 and 50: 4 Engineering flexibility: a system
- Page 51 and 52: other countries to require their re
- Page 53 and 54: 6. Remember that many of the outcom
- Page 55 and 56: 2 Adrian Elliott, State SchoolsSinc
- Page 57 and 58: 4 Peter Hyman, ‘Fear on the front
- Page 59 and 60: 12. Rethinking thecomprehensive ide
- Page 61 and 62: training, be part of a local system
- Page 64: About CompassCompass is the democra