Familial Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 6

326 Subject IndexInverse planning (IP), 201Irinotecan, 153, 271–272ITV. See Internal target volume (ITV)JJacod syndrome. See Petrosphenoidal syndromeof JacodJugulodigastric nodes. See Lymph nodes, jugulodigastricKKarnofsky performance status, 118Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, 73–75Kluver–Bucy syndrome, 288LLabyrinthitis, 281Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 109Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), 28, 154Latent membrane protein (LMP)– LMP-1, 12, 14–17, 19– LMP-2A, 12, 14–16, 19Lateral pharyngeal recess, 84Lateral pterygoid muscle, 315Lateral retropharyngeal lymph node (of Röuviere), 60Late toxicity, 208–209, 233, 237–238, 305Leucovorin, 153, 194Leukocyte common antigen (LCA), 78, 79Leukopenia, 164Levator veli palatini, 84Levator veli palatini muscle, 254Liposomal Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, 282Local recurrences, 161, 235Long-term complication, nasopharyngeal carcinoma,275–291Longus capitis, 220Longus colli, 220Lymphadenopathy, 60, 89, 225–227Lymphatic drainage, 44–45Lymph nodes, jugulodigastric, 45, 46Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), 12Lymphocryptovirus, 12Lymphoepithelial carcinoma. See LymphoepitheliomaLymphoepithelioma, 10, 72Lymphoma, 79MMacFee neck incision, 256Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 83, 102, 121, 122,214, 222–224, 226, 234, 235, 288, 310Male predominance, 296Mandible, 220MAPK. See Mitogen activated protein kinaseMasticator muscles, 310Masticator space (MA), 85, 315, 317Maxillary antrum, 315Maxillary nerve, 85Maxillary sinus, 254Maxillary swing approach. See NasopharyngectomyMedian overall survival, 271–272Melanoma, 79, 91Membranous labyrinth, 280Metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 267–273– long-term survival, 272Metronomic chemotherapy, 173Metronomic-like scheduling, 174Metronomic scheduling, 173Metrotrexate, 184Micrometastasis, 128, 150, 193MicroRNAs (miRNA), 36Microscopic disease, 199Microtubule inhibitors, 153Microvessel density (MVD), 34, 35, 114Middle cranial fossa, 261Mirror examination, 60Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), 29.See also Cellular signaling pathwaysMitomycin, 153Mitomycin C, 153Mitotic arrest deficient 2 protein (MAD2), 154Mitoxantrone, 153Mixed cell carcinoma, 119Modified barium swallow study (MBSS), 282Molecular targeted therapy, 176–177Monoclonal antibody (MAb), 32, 272Mortalities, 263Mucositis, 208, 269, 305Mucous membrane, 45Multi-agent induction chemotherapy, 176Multidrug regimens, 268–269Multileaf collimator (MLC), 205Muscarinic agonist, 279Myelopathy, 287Myelosuppression, 269Myelosuppressive toxicity, 270Mylohyoid m., submandibular gland, 220NNasal twang, 47Nasopharyngeal lymphoma, 91Nasopharyngeal plasmacytoma, 91Nasopharyngectomy, 261–263Nasopharyngoscopy. See Endoscopic examinationNational Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), 310Natural history, 42