Handbook on Citizen Engagement: Beyond Consultation - SASANet

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Chapter IV. Institutionalizing Citizen EngagementIn Canada, and around the world, very few governments, departments or large organizationshave institutionalized citizen engagement. Most citizen engagement initiatives flow from a desireto attain specific policy goals and are limited in time and scope. This chapter briefly discussesthe need for and the benefits of institutionalizing citizen engagement.Institutionalizing citizen engagement has both structural and cultural components. First, itrequires that citizen engagement becomes a regular, to-be-expected component of the policydevelopment processes. Second, and equally important, the public and policy makers, both ofwhom are currently somewhat skeptical about citizen engagement, need to be convinced thatcitizen engagement processes and their results are of value and are a legitimate part of policydevelopment and democracy. 11According to Turnbull and Aucoin 12 , there are four criteria necessary for the institutionalizationof public involvement. 131. Public involvement is a core element embedded in the policy process: Rather thanremaining an occasional project, citizen engagement needs to be incorporated in policydevelopment to the same degree that experts, stakeholders and interest groups are currentlyconsulted. Greater trust can be built in the political process if members of the public do notperceive these efforts to occur only when it is convenient and instrumental to a largerpolitical agenda.2. Public input is given substantial weight in policy development processes; it cannot be a“token” effort, in perception or reality: As previously discussed, faith in the currentconsultative process has largely been eroded because citizens feel like their voices are notheard, that their opinion has been sought after a decision has been made or that theconsultation process is in place simply to appease public desire for a say. If one of theoverarching goals of citizen engagement is to renew faith in political process, then it isabsolutely essential that this point be given substantive consideration throughout the planningand execution stages so as to not repeat past mistakes.3. The commitment to institutionalized public involvement is government-wide as opposedto concentrated in certain departments: Many barriers to widespread adoption of citizenengagement are the result of prevalent false assumptions that citizens cannot grasp complexscientific and social problems, and that they are unconcerned with matters that do not directlyaffect them. As discussed, there is both a cultural and structural project ahead if citizenengagement is to be implemented across governments.4. The efforts to institutionalize public involvement include the public service andparliament: Both the public service and parliament have different but complementary rolesto play in institutionalizing citizen engagement. MPs could potentially use citizenengagement as a tool to maintain contact with their constituents, to better inform them ofemerging policies and to better equip themselves to debate policy issues. Parliamentarycommittees and local constituency offices could use citizen involvement exercises to enablecitizens not only to provide input but to dialogue with MPs on policy matters.12 CANADIAN POLICY RESEARCH NETWORKS
There are a variety of methods and tools to choose from when planning a citizen engagementinitiative (Chapter VII provides further elaboration). The selection of method and tools dependsupon one’s objectives, context, available resources, timeframe, capacity and other variables.Institutionalizing citizen engagement holds its own set of considerations. In Chapter VIII, twocase examples are provided of institutionalized citizen engagement.For further reading:Carolyn Bennett is an MP in Toronto who has utilized citizen engagement extensively in herwork. Read more about it in her document entitled: Citizen Engagement. 2004. Available at:www.carolynbennett.ca/issuePosting.cfm?ID=9&CFID=15429929&CFTOKEN=49682052.For a discussion of institutionalization and proposed models see: Turnbull, Lori, Peter Aucoin.2006. Fostering Canadians’ Role in Public Policy: A Strategy for Institutionalizing PublicInvolvement in Policy. Canadian Policy Research Networks.www.cprn.org/doc.cfm?doc=1404&l=en.Lukensmeyer, Carolyn J. and Steven Brigham. 2005. Taking Democracy to Scale: Large ScaleInterventions–for Citizens. AmericaSpeaks.www.americaspeaks.org/document/docWindow.cfm?fuseaction=document.viewDocument&documentid=99&documentFormatId=167.Fung, Archon. 2006. “Democracy and the Policy Process”. In Oxford <strong>Handbook</strong> of Public PolicyMartin Rein, Michael Moran and Robert E. Goodin, (eds.). New York: Oxford University Press.Chapter 33.CANADIAN POLICY RESEARCH NETWORKS 13
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