Handbook on Citizen Engagement: Beyond Consultation - SASANet

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3940414243Most information regarding the Tenant Participation System is drawn from: Josh Lerner andEstair Van Wagner. Participatory Budgeting in Canada: Democratic Innovations inStrategic Spaces. Transnational Institute, 2006. www.tni.org/newpol-docs/pbcanada.htm.Ibid.Most information is drawn from the final report of the Ontario Citizen’s Assembly on ElectoralReform. One Ballot, Two Votes: A new way to vote in Ontario. www.citizensassembly.gov.on.ca/en/default.asp.Ibid, p. 24.Gramberger, Marc. Citizens as Partners: OECD <strong>Handbook</strong> on Information, Consultation andPublic Participation in Policy Making. OECD, 2001.48 CANADIAN POLICY RESEARCH NETWORKS
Appendix A. An Overview of Public Participation Methods(From Primer on Public Involvement by François-Pierre Gauvin and Julia Abelson, 2006.)Method Description Strengths Limitations ExamplesCitizenjuries• A method invented in 1971 byNed Crosby from theJefferson Centre ofMinneapolis• Composed of 12-20 randomlyselected individualsrepresentative of theircommunity who meet overseveral days to deliberate ona policy issue• They are informed about theissue, hear evidence fromwitnesses and cross-examinethem. Then, they discuss thematter amongst themselvesand reach a decision.• Another method is relativelysimilar in respect to its formand function: the planningcells. The planning cells wereinvented in Germany by PeterDienel in 1969• Provides opportunities tointroduce new perspectivesand challenge existing ones• More careful examination ofthe issue• Promotes consensus building• Brings legitimacy anddemocratic control to nonelectedpublic bodies• Small size of individual groupsand their non-intimidatingnature allows for innovativeideas and active participation.• Exclusive - only a fewindividuals participate• Potential problems lie in initialstages of preparation (e.g.,jury selection, agenda setting,witness selection)• Process requires significantresources and intensive timecommitment for participantsand organizers.• Influence on final policy isn’tguaranteed if the governmentis not formally committed totake the results intoconsideration• Can be difficult to generateneutral and complete briefingmaterial• Since 1974, several citizensjuries have been held in GreatBritain, Australia and India butmostly in the USA under theauspices of the JeffersonCenter.• Citizen juries have been usedwith issues related toenvironment, energy, healthand education.A few examples:• Physician Assisted Suicide(1998)• Comparing EnvironmentalRisks (1996)• America's Tough Choices:Health Care Reform (1993)Key references on citizen juries:Coote A. and Lenaghan J. Citizens’ Juries: Theory into Practice, London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 1997.Jefferson Center. [www.jefferson-center.org].Lenaghan J., New B. and Mitchell E. “Setting Priorities: Is there a Role for Citizens' Juries?”. British Medical Journal 1996, 312: 1591-1593.Lenaghan J. “Involving the Public in Rationing Decisions : The Experience of Citizens Juries”. Health Policy 1999. 49(1-2) : 45-61.CANADIAN POLICY RESEARCH NETWORKS 49
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