Analytical Chem istry - DePauw University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

198 Analytical Chemistry 2.05IProblemsAnswers, but not worked solutions, tomost end-of-chapter problems are availablehere.1. Describe how you would use a serial dilution to prepare 100 mL eachof a series of standards with concentrations of 1.00×10 –5 , 1.00×10 –4 ,1.00×10 –3 , and 1.00×10 –2 M from a 0.100 M stock solution. Calculatethe uncertainty for each solution using a propagation of uncertainty,and compare to the uncertainty if you were to prepare each solution bya single dilution of the stock solution. You will find tolerances for differenttypes of volumetric glassware and digital pipets in Table 4.2 andTable 4.3. Assume that the uncertainty in the stock solution’s molarityis ±0.002.2. Three replicate determinations of S total for a standard solution that is10.0 ppm in analyte give values of 0.163, 0.157, and 0.161 (arbitraryunits). The signal for the reagent blank is 0.002. Calculate the concentrationof analyte in a sample with a signal of 0.118.3. A 10.00-g sample containing an analyte is transferred to a 250-mLvolumetric flask and diluted to volume. When a 10.00 mL aliquot ofthe resulting solution is diluted to 25.00 mL it gives signal of 0.235(arbitrary units). A second 10.00-mL portion of the solution is spikedwith 10.00 mL of a 1.00-ppm standard solution of the analyte and dilutedto 25.00 mL. The signal for the spiked sample is 0.502. Calculatethe weight percent of analyte in the original sample.4. A 50.00 mL sample containing an analyte gives a signal of 11.5 (arbitraryunits). A second 50 mL aliquot of the sample, which is spiked with1.00 mL of a 10.0-ppm standard solution of the analyte, gives a signalof 23.1. What is the analyte’s concentration in the original sample?5. An appropriate standard additions calibration curve based on equation5.10 places S spike ×(V o + V std ) on the y-axis and C std ×V std on the x-axis.Clearly explain why you can not plot S spike on the y-axis and C std ×[V std /(V o + V std )] on the x-axis. In addition, derive equations for the slopeand y-intercept, and explain how you can determine the amount ofanalyte in a sample from the calibration curve.6. A standard sample contains 10.0 mg/L of analyte and 15.0 mg/L ofinternal standard. Analysis of the sample gives signals for the analyteand internal standard of 0.155 and 0.233 (arbitrary units), respectively.Sufficient internal standard is added to a sample to make its concentration15.0 mg/L Analysis of the sample yields signals for the analyte andinternal standard of 0.274 and 0.198, respectively. Report the analyte’sconcentration in the sample.
Chapter 5 Standardizing Analytical Methods199(a)SignalSignalC AC A(b)SignalSignal(c)C AC ASignalSignalC A7. For each of the pair of calibration curves shown in Figure 5.26, selectthe calibration curve using the more appropriate set of standards.Briefly explain the reasons for your selections. The scales for the x-axisand y-axis are the same for each pair.8. The following data are for a series of external standards of Cd 2+ bufferedto a pH of 4.6. 14C A[Cd 2+ ] (nM) 15.4 30.4 44.9 59.0 72.7 86.0S total (nA) 4.8 11.4 18.2 25.6 32.3 37.7Figure 5.26 Calibration curves to accompanyProblem 7.14 Wojciechowski, M.; Balcerzak, J. Anal. Chim. Acta 1991, 249, 433–445.
Page 1:
(a)(b)Phase 2Phase 12.95 3.00 3.05
Page 5 and 6:
Detailed Table of ContentsPreface..
Page 7 and 8:
4C.4 Uncertainty for Mixed Operatio
Page 10:
8B.1 Theory and Practice . . . . .
Page 14 and 15:
13. Kinetic Methods .. . . . . . .
Page 16 and 17:
Appendix 5: Critical Values for the
Page 18 and 19:
xviii Analytical Chemistry 2.0AOrga
Page 20 and 21:
xx Analytical Chemistry 2.0original
Page 22 and 23:
xxii Analytical Chemistry 2.0Steven
Page 24 and 25:
2 Analytical Chemistry 2.0This quot
Page 26 and 27:
4 Analytical Chemistry 2.0CH 3NOHHO
Page 29 and 30:
Chapter 1 Introduction to Analytica
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
DRAFTChapter 2Basic Tools ofAnalyti
Page 37 and 38:
Chapter 2 Basic Tools of Analytical
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
DRAFTChapter 3The Vocabularyof Anal
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 3 The Vocabulary of Analyti
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 72 and 73:
50 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Solving
Page 74 and 75:
52 Analytical Chemistry 2.0It shoul
Page 76 and 77:
54 Analytical Chemistry 2.0( S −S
Page 78 and 79:
56 Analytical Chemistry 2.0StartFig
Page 80 and 81:
58 Analytical Chemistry 2.0rugged s
Page 82 and 83:
60 Analytical Chemistry 2.010 ppb g
Page 84 and 85:
62 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Practice
Page 86 and 87:
64 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Figure 4
Page 88 and 89:
66 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Problem
Page 90 and 91:
68 Analytical Chemistry 2.0The conv
Page 92 and 93:
70 Analytical Chemistry 2.0be trace
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
74 Analytical Chemistry 2.0provided
Page 98 and 99:
76 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Although
Page 100 and 101:
78 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Rounding
Page 102 and 103:
80 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Table 4.
Page 104 and 105:
82 Analytical Chemistry 2.02 ppm×
Page 106 and 107:
84 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Table 4.
Page 108 and 109:
86 Analytical Chemistry 2.0µ= Np =
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
90 Analytical Chemistry 2.04D.3 Con
Page 114 and 115:
92 Analytical Chemistry 2.0196 . ×
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
96 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Here is
Page 120 and 121:
98 Analytical Chemistry 2.0We will
Page 122 and 123:
100 Analytical Chemistry 2.0The fou
Page 124 and 125:
102 Analytical Chemistry 2.0We rese
Page 126 and 127:
104 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Example
Page 128 and 129:
106 Analytical Chemistry 2.0So l u
Page 130 and 131:
108 Analytical Chemistry 2.0tsAµ A
Page 132 and 133:
110 Analytical Chemistry 2.03. 117
Page 134 and 135:
112 Analytical Chemistry 2.0differe
Page 136 and 137:
114 Analytical Chemistry 2.0lyte’
Page 138 and 139:
116 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Table 4
Page 140 and 141:
118 Analytical Chemistry 2.0dIf s m
Page 142 and 143:
120 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Once yo
Page 144 and 145:
122 Analytical Chemistry 2.0obtaini
Page 146 and 147:
124 Analytical Chemistry 2.0dt-Test
Page 148 and 149:
126 Analytical Chemistry 2.0> dbino
Page 150 and 151:
128 Analytical Chemistry 2.0> t.tes
Page 152 and 153:
130 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)Hist
Page 155 and 156:
Chapter 4 Evaluating Analytical Dat
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 4 Evaluating Analytical Dat
Page 175 and 176: DRAFTChapter 5Standardizing Analyti
Page 177 and 178: Chapter 5 Standardizing Analytical
Page 194 and 195: 172 Analytical Chemistry 2.05D.1 Li
Page 196 and 197: 174 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Fi n d
Page 198 and 199: 176 Analytical Chemistry 2.0where y
Page 200 and 201: 178 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Minimiz
Page 202 and 203: 180 Analytical Chemistry 2.0605040S
Page 204 and 205: 182 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Practic
Page 206 and 207: 184 Analytical Chemistry 2.0( 6 6 1
Page 208 and 209: 186 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Check o
Page 210 and 211: 188 Analytical Chemistry 2.0amount
Page 212 and 213: 190 Analytical Chemistry 2.0y108642
Page 214 and 215: 192 Analytical Chemistry 2.00.60.4R
Page 216 and 217: 194 Analytical Chemistry 2.0> model
Page 218 and 219: 196 Analytical Chemistry 2.0> inver
Page 222 and 223: 200 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a) Use
Page 224 and 225: 202 Analytical Chemistry 2.0data se
Page 226 and 227: 204 Analytical Chemistry 2.00.1478x
Page 228 and 229: 206 Analytical Chemistry 2.0The sta
Page 230 and 231: 208 Analytical Chemistry 2.0> libra
Page 232 and 233: 210 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Napoleo
Page 234 and 235: 212 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Equatio
Page 236 and 237: 214 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Rxn1: A
Page 238 and 239: 216 Analytical Chemistry 2.0A weak
Page 240 and 241: 218 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Dissoci
Page 242 and 243: 220 Analytical Chemistry 2.0When fi
Page 244 and 245: 222 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Example
Page 246 and 247: 224 Analytical Chemistry 2.0ln(x) =
Page 248 and 249: 226 Analytical Chemistry 2.0So what
Page 250 and 251: 228 Analytical Chemistry 2.0One of
Page 252 and 253: 230 Analytical Chemistry 2.0more ba
Page 254 and 255: 232 Analytical Chemistry 2.0less li
Page 256 and 257: 234 Analytical Chemistry 2.0[ Zn(NH
Page 258 and 259: 236 Analytical Chemistry 2.0When we
Page 260 and 261: 238 Analytical Chemistry 2.0the ass
Page 262 and 263: 240 Analytical Chemistry 2.0You may
Page 264 and 265: 242 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Step 3:
Page 266 and 267: 244 Analytical Chemistry 2.0pHOH 2
Page 268 and 269: 246 Analytical Chemistry 2.0[ HO ]K
Page 270 and 271:
248 Analytical Chemistry 2.0C NH3=
Page 272 and 273:
250 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Because
Page 274 and 275:
252 Analytical Chemistry 2.0We can
Page 276 and 277:
254 Analytical Chemistry 2.0The 1mM
Page 278 and 279:
256 Analytical Chemistry 2.0In calc
Page 280 and 281:
258 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Several
Page 282 and 283:
260 Analytical Chemistry 2.06JUsing
Page 284 and 285:
262 Analytical Chemistry 2.0From th
Page 286 and 287:
264 Analytical Chemistry 2.0For exa
Page 288 and 289:
266 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a) pH
Page 290 and 291:
268 Analytical Chemistry 2.06MChapt
Page 292 and 293:
270 Analytical Chemistry 2.0These r
Page 294 and 295:
272 Analytical Chemistry 2.015. Cal
Page 296 and 297:
274 Analytical Chemistry 2.0AgBr()
Page 298 and 299:
276 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Equilib
Page 300 and 301:
278 Analytical Chemistry 2.0These t
Page 302 and 303:
280 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Adding
Page 304 and 305:
282 Analytical Chemistry 2.0[OH - ]
Page 306 and 307:
284 Analytical Chemistry 2.0
Page 308 and 309:
286 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Figure
Page 310 and 311:
288 Analytical Chemistry 2.0There a
Page 312 and 313:
290 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Appendi
Page 314 and 315:
292 Analytical Chemistry 2.0-1.0 -0
Page 316 and 317:
294 Analytical Chemistry 2.0For exa
Page 318 and 319:
296 Analytical Chemistry 2.0A sampl
Page 320 and 321:
298 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Practic
Page 322 and 323:
300 Analytical Chemistry 2.02of tim
Page 324 and 325:
302 Analytical Chemistry 2.0capcapw
Page 326 and 327:
304 Analytical Chemistry 2.0include
Page 328 and 329:
306 Analytical Chemistry 2.0cable t
Page 330 and 331:
308 Analytical Chemistry 2.0size an
Page 332 and 333:
310 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)(b)p
Page 334 and 335:
312 Analytical Chemistry 2.0K × C
Page 336 and 337:
314 Analytical Chemistry 2.0leaves
Page 338 and 339:
316 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a) (b)
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
322 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)(b)t
Page 346 and 347:
324 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Separat
Page 348 and 349:
326 Analytical Chemistry 2.0μL dro
Page 350 and 351:
328 Analytical Chemistry 2.0samplet
Page 352 and 353:
330 Analytical Chemistry 2.0tograph
Page 354 and 355:
332 Analytical Chemistry 2.0D =( mo
Page 356 and 357:
334 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Extract
Page 358 and 359:
336 Analytical Chemistry 2.0+K [ HO
Page 360 and 361:
338 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Extract
Page 362 and 363:
340 Analytical Chemistry 2.0grab sa
Page 364 and 365:
342 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Time (h
Page 366 and 367:
344 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Nominal
Page 368 and 369:
346 Analytical Chemistry 2.0for Cu
Page 370 and 371:
348 Analytical Chemistry 2.0organic
Page 372 and 373:
350 Analytical Chemistry 2.0To obta
Page 374 and 375:
352 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Fe 2+p(
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
356 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Method
Page 380 and 381:
358 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Other e
Page 382 and 383:
360 Analytical Chemistry 2.0The pre
Page 384 and 385:
362 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a) (b)
Page 386 and 387:
364 Analytical Chemistry 2.0A super
Page 388 and 389:
366 Analytical Chemistry 2.0primary
Page 390 and 391:
368 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)(b)(
Page 392 and 393:
370 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Fritted
Page 394 and 395:
372 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Each mo
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
378 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Althoug
Page 402 and 403:
380 Analytical Chemistry 2.0of ±0.
Page 404 and 405:
382 Analytical Chemistry 2.0thermog
Page 406 and 407:
384 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)bala
Page 408 and 409:
386 Analytical Chemistry 2.03. Why
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
390 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Alterna
Page 414 and 415:
392 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)(b)(
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
396 Analytical Chemistry 2.06. Mixi
Page 420 and 421:
398 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a) If
Page 422 and 423:
400 Analytical Chemistry 2.0nese, a
Page 424 and 425:
402 Analytical Chemistry 2.032. The
Page 426 and 427:
404 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Mass (g
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
408 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Of the
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
412 Analytical Chemistry 2.0We are
Page 436 and 437:
414 Analytical Chemistry 2.0This is
Page 438 and 439:
416 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Tempera
Page 440 and 441:
418 Analytical Chemistry 2.0time an
Page 442 and 443:
420 Analytical Chemistry 2.0141210p
Page 444 and 445:
422 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Kb−[
Page 446 and 447:
424 Analytical Chemistry 2.014 (a)1
Page 448 and 449:
426 Analytical Chemistry 2.014 (a)1
Page 450 and 451:
428 Analytical Chemistry 2.0141210M
Page 452 and 453:
430 Analytical Chemistry 2.0You may
Page 454 and 455:
432 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Suppose
Page 456 and 457:
434 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Excess
Page 458 and 459:
436 Analytical Chemistry 2.0and the
Page 460 and 461:
438 Analytical Chemistry 2.0below r
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
442 Analytical Chemistry 2.01412(a)
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
446 Analytical Chemistry 2.0192.13
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
454 Analytical Chemistry 2.0A secon
Page 478 and 479:
456 Analytical Chemistry 2.0microbu
Page 480 and 481:
458 Analytical Chemistry 2.0There a
Page 482 and 483:
460 Analytical Chemistry 2.0pH10.24
Page 484 and 485:
462 Analytical Chemistry 2.0NH 4 +
Page 486 and 487:
464 Analytical Chemistry 2.0initial
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
468 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Note th
Page 492 and 493:
470 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a) 10(
Page 494 and 495:
472 Analytical Chemistry 2.0The bes
Page 496 and 497:
474 Analytical Chemistry 2.0In o r
Page 498 and 499:
476 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Finally
Page 500 and 501:
478 Analytical Chemistry 2.0108(a)p
Page 502 and 503:
480 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Althoug
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
484 Analytical Chemistry 2.01.6(a)(
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
488 Analytical Chemistry 2.0For sim
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
492 Analytical Chemistry 2.0of the
Page 516 and 517:
494 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Potassi
Page 518 and 519:
496 Analytical Chemistry 2.0oxidize
Page 520 and 521:
498 Analytical Chemistry 2.0with I
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
502 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Subtrac
Page 526 and 527:
504 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Step 3:
Page 528 and 529:
506 Analytical Chemistry 2.010(a)10
Page 530 and 531:
Page 532 and 533:
Page 534 and 535:
512 Analytical Chemistry 2.0continu
Page 536 and 537:
514 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Some of
Page 538 and 539:
Page 540 and 541:
518 Analytical Chemistry 2.00.0316
Page 542 and 543:
520 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(g) The
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546 and 547:
524 Analytical Chemistry 2.043. Cal
Page 548 and 549:
526 Analytical Chemistry 2.0and tit
Page 550 and 551:
528 Analytical Chemistry 2.09ISolut
Page 552 and 553:
530 Analytical Chemistry 2.0pHFigur
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
534 Analytical Chemistry 2.0−32+(
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
538 Analytical Chemistry 2.0E (V)0.
Page 562 and 563:
540 Analytical Chemistry 2.0( 0. 04
Page 564 and 565:
542 Analytical Chemistry 2.0or a pC
Page 566 and 567:
Page 568 and 569:
Page 570 and 571:
Page 572 and 573:
Page 574 and 575:
552 Analytical Chemistry 2.0radiant
Page 576 and 577:
554 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Monochr
Page 578 and 579:
556 Analytical Chemistry 2.0dynodeh
Page 580 and 581:
558 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Why doe
Page 582 and 583:
560 Analytical Chemistry 2.01.21.0a
Page 584 and 585:
562 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)P 0s
Page 586 and 587:
Page 588 and 589:
566 Analytical Chemistry 2.0For a m
Page 590 and 591:
568 Analytical Chemistry 2.0sources
Page 592 and 593:
Page 594 and 595:
572 Analytical Chemistry 2.0of fibe
Page 596 and 597:
574 Analytical Chemistry 2.0fromsou
Page 598 and 599:
Page 600 and 601:
578 Analytical Chemistry 2.0H 2 NO
Page 602 and 603:
580 Analytical Chemistry 2.0in any
Page 604 and 605:
582 Analytical Chemistry 2.0mg Fe/L
Page 606 and 607:
Page 608 and 609:
586 Analytical Chemistry 2.0A mix /
Page 610 and 611:
588 Analytical Chemistry 2.0IR spec
Page 612 and 613:
590 Analytical Chemistry 2.01.0mole
Page 614 and 615:
592 Analytical Chemistry 2.0from co
Page 616 and 617:
594 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Proceed
Page 618 and 619:
596 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Ac c u
Page 620 and 621:
598 Analytical Chemistry 2.00% Tsam
Page 622 and 623:
600 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)burn
Page 624 and 625:
602 Analytical Chemistry 2.0This is
Page 626 and 627:
604 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Because
Page 628 and 629:
606 Analytical Chemistry 2.0See Cha
Page 630 and 631:
608 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Most in
Page 632 and 633:
Page 634 and 635:
612 Analytical Chemistry 2.0per ana
Page 636 and 637:
614 Analytical Chemistry 2.0S 2vrvr
Page 638 and 639:
616 Analytical Chemistry 2.0quinine
Page 640 and 641:
618 Analytical Chemistry 2.0z-axisy
Page 642 and 643:
620 Analytical Chemistry 2.0by immo
Page 644 and 645:
Page 646 and 647:
624 Analytical Chemistry 2.0[quinin
Page 648 and 649:
626 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Se l e
Page 650 and 651:
628 Analytical Chemistry 2.06000 K8
Page 652 and 653:
630 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Plasmas
Page 654 and 655:
632 Analytical Chemistry 2.0sodium
Page 656 and 657:
634 Analytical Chemistry 2.0See Sec
Page 658 and 659:
636 Analytical Chemistry 2.0(a)sour
Page 660 and 661:
638 Analytical Chemistry 2.0TI=IT0T
Page 662 and 663:
Page 664 and 665:
Page 666 and 667:
644 Analytical Chemistry 2.0of anal
Page 668 and 669:
646 Analytical Chemistry 2.08. A se
Page 670 and 671:
648 Analytical Chemistry 2.0Crystal
Page 672 and 673:
650 Analytical Chemistry 2.0A sampl
Page 674 and 675:
652 Analytical Chemistry 2.0P total
Page 676 and 677:
654 Analytical Chemistry 2.0absorba
Page 678 and 679:
656 Analytical Chemistry 2.08 .0 10
Page 680 and 681:
658 Analytical Chemistry 2.0solutio
Page 682 and 683:
660 Analytical Chemistry 2.01.04 1.
Page 684 and 685:
662 Analytical Chemistry 2.043. Sel
Page 686 and 687:
664 Analytical Chemistry 2.0C Cu0.1
Page 688:
666 Analytical Chemistry 2.0A−AHI
show all

Analytical Chem istry - DePauw University

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?