Analytical Chem istry - DePauw University

Chapter 1 Introduction to Analytical Chemistry91EChapter SummaryAnalytical chemists work to improve the ability of all chemists to makemeaningful measurements. Chemists working in the other traditional areasof chemistry, as well as in interdisciplinary fields such as medicinal chemistry,clinical chemistry, and environmental chemistry, need better toolsfor analyzing materials. The need to work with smaller samples, with morecomplex materials, with processes occurring on shorter time scales, andwith species present at lower concentrations challenges analytical chemiststo improve existing analytical methods and to develop new ones.Typical problems on which analytical chemists work include qualitativeanalyses (What is present?), quantitative analyses (Who much is present?),characterization analyses (What are the sample’s chemical and physicalproperties?), and fundamental analyses (How does this method work andhow can it be improved?).1FProblems1. For each of the following problems indicate whether its solution requiresa qualitative analysis, a quantitative analysis, a characterizationanalysis, or a fundamental analysis. More than one type of analysis maybe appropriate for some problems.(a) A hazardous-waste disposal site is believed to be leaking contaminantsinto the local groundwater.(b) An art museum is concerned that a recent acquisition is a forgery.(c) Airport security needs a more reliable method for detecting thepresence of explosive materials in luggage.(d) The structure of a newly discovered virus needs to be determined.(e) A new visual indicator is needed for an acid–base titration.(f) A new law requires a method for evaluating whether automobilesare emitting too much carbon monoxide.2. Read the article “When Machine Tastes Coffee: Instrumental Approachto Predict the Sensory Profile of Espresso Coffee,” by several scientistsworking at the Nestlé Research Center in Lausanne, Switzerland. Youwill find the article on pages 1574-1581 in Volume 80 of AnalyticalChemistry, published in 2008. Write an essay summarizing the natureof the problem and how it was solved. As a guide, refer to Figure 1.3for a model of the analytical approach to solving problems.Answers, but not worked solutions, tomost end-of-chapter problems are availablehere.Use this link to access the article’s abstractfrom the journal’s web site. If your institutionhas an on-line subscription you alsowill be able to download a PDF versionof the article.