Hawaii and the Pacific Islands - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Hawaii and the Pacific Islands - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Hawaii and the Pacific Islands - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
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ERDC/EL TR-12-5iiiContentsFigures <strong>and</strong> Tables ................................................................................................................................. viPreface ....................................................................................................................................................ix1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1Purpose <strong>and</strong> use <strong>of</strong> this regional supplement ........................................................................ 1Applicable region ...................................................................................................................... 3Physical <strong>and</strong> biological characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> region ............................................................. 3The <strong>Hawaii</strong>an Isl<strong>and</strong>s ................................................................................................................... 6Guam <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Mariana Isl<strong>and</strong>s ................................................................................... 7American Samoa .......................................................................................................................... 9Types <strong>and</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> wetl<strong>and</strong>s .......................................................................................... 92 Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators ............................................................................................. 13Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 13Guidance on vegetation sampling <strong>and</strong> analysis ................................................................... 14Definitions <strong>of</strong> strata ................................................................................................................... 17Hydrophytic vegetation indicators ......................................................................................... 17Procedure ................................................................................................................................... 18Indicator 1: Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation ................................................................... 19Indicator 2: Dominance test ...................................................................................................... 19Indicator 3: Prevalence index .................................................................................................... 223 Hydric Soil Indicators ................................................................................................................... 25Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 25Concepts ................................................................................................................................. 26Iron <strong>and</strong> manganese reduction, translocation, <strong>and</strong> accumulation ......................................... 26Sulfate reduction ........................................................................................................................ 27Organic matter accumulation .................................................................................................... 27Cautions .................................................................................................................................. 30Procedures for sampling soils ............................................................................................... 30Observe <strong>and</strong> document <strong>the</strong> site ................................................................................................ 30Observe <strong>and</strong> document <strong>the</strong> soil ................................................................................................ 32Use <strong>of</strong> existing soil data ......................................................................................................... 34Soil surveys ................................................................................................................................. 34Hydric soils lists .......................................................................................................................... 34Hydric soil indicators .............................................................................................................. 35All soils ........................................................................................................................................ 37Indicator A1: Histosol ..................................................................................................... 38Indicator A2: Histic Epipedon ........................................................................................ 39Indicator A3: Black Histic ............................................................................................... 40Indicator A4: Hydrogen Sulfide ...................................................................................... 40Indicator A8: Muck Presence ......................................................................................... 41
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