Prof. Ing. Carlo Andrea Castiglioni Seismic Behaviour of Steel ...

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Seismic behaviour of steel storage pallet racking systems IVXINDEXINDEX ..................................................................................................................... IVCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 11.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 11.2 The international situation................................................................................ 31.3 Overview of damage to steel pallet storage racks and content spillage ........... 51.4 Damage to steel pallet storage racks and content spillage in recent earthquakes............................................................................................................................. 101.4.1 Background ............................................................................................. 111.4.2 Damage reported in the 1987 Whittier earthquake.................................. 121.4.3 Damage reported in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake ........................... 121.4.4 Damage reported in the 1992 Landers earthquake .................................. 131.4.5 Damage reported in the 1994 Northridge earthquake ............................. 131.4.5.1 Price Club, Northridge, California. .................................................. 131.4.5.2 Home Depot, Santa Clarita, California............................................. 131.4.5.3 Home Depot, Canoga Park, California............................................. 151.4.5.4 Home Depot, Glendale, California................................................... 151.4.5.5 Home Club, Canoga Park, California............................................... 161.4.6 Damage reported in the 2001 Nisqually earthquake ............................... 161.4.6.1 Home Depot, Olympia, Washington. ............................................... 161.4.7 Damage reported in the 2003 San Simeon earthquake............................ 161.5 Codes and Standards for storage racks - Previous researches ....................... 171.5.1 Recommendations for the design of static steel pallet racks under seismicconditions (Pr FEM 10.2.08, European Racking Federation, The Racking andShelving Product Group of the Federation Européenne de la Manutention).... 191.5.1.1 Definition of the intensity of the seismic action............................... 211.5.1.2 Earthquake design return period and importance factor γ I ............... 221.5.1.3 Design parameters for the seismic analysis...................................... 221.5.1.3.1 Design spectrum modification factor ........................................................ 221.5.1.3.2 Design seismic pallet weight..................................................................... 231.5.1.3.3 Pallet weight modification factor E D2 ........................................................ 231.5.1.3.4 Pallet sliding.............................................................................................. 241.5.1.4 Other seismic weights ...................................................................... 251.5.1.5 Position of the centre of gravity of the pallet ................................... 261.5.1.6 Methods of analysis.......................................................................... 271.5.1.7 Base shear force ............................................................................... 271.5.1.8 Combination of the horizontal components of the seismic action.... 281.5.1.9 Combination of the vertical component of the seismic action ......... 281.5.1.10 Displacements analysis .................................................................. 291.5.1.11 Regularity criteria........................................................................... 29
Seismic behaviour of steel storage pallet racking systems VX1.5.1.11.1 Cross-aisle direction................................................................................ 291.5.1.11.2 Down aisle direction ............................................................................... 301.5.1.12 Rules for the design of low dissipative structures .......................... 301.5.1.13 Structural systems withstanding the seismic action ....................... 301.5.1.14 Specific modelling requirements for the analysis........................... 321.5.1.15 Structural types and maximum associated behaviour factors......... 331.5.1.15.1 Upright frames ........................................................................................ 331.5.1.15.2 Moment resisting frames......................................................................... 341.5.1.15.3 Vertical bracings ..................................................................................... 341.5.1.15.4 Bracings with tension diagonals.............................................................. 351.5.1.15.5 Bracings with diagonals working in tension and compression................ 351.5.1.15.6 Horizontal bracings ................................................................................. 351.5.1.16 Safety Verifications........................................................................ 361.5.1.16.1 Ultimate limit state.................................................................................. 361.5.1.16.2 Serviceability limit state.......................................................................... 361.5.1.16.2.1 Damage limitation requirement........................................ 361.5.1.16.2.2 Pallet sliding..................................................................... 361.5.1.16.2.3 Pallet falling ..................................................................... 371.5.1.16.2.4 Falling of the pallets inside the rack................................. 371.5.1.16.2.5 Falling of pallets outside the rack..................................... 371.5.1.16.2.6 Pallets fixed on the rack ................................................... 371.5.1.16.2.7 Summary of the effects induced by seismic action on rack’selements ............................................................................................... 371.5.1.17 Structural systems withstanding the seismic action ....................... 391.5.1.18 Regularity criteria - Down-aisle direction...................................... 411.5.1.19 Typical occurrences in the seismic analysis of racks ..................... 431.5.2 Current storage rack seismic design Provisions and Practices in the U.S.......................................................................................................................... 441.5.2.1 Development of Codes and Standards in the past decades............... 441.5.2.1.1 RMI Standards .......................................................................................... 441.5.2.1.2 Model Building Code requirements .......................................................... 451.5.2.1.3 NEHRP Recommended Provisions........................................................... 461.5.2.1.4 ASCE 7 Requirements .............................................................................. 461.5.2.2 Current seismic requirements for storage racks ............................... 471.5.2.3 The evolving RMI Standard............................................................. 481.5.2.4 Current storage rack seismic design practices in the U.S................ 481.5.2.4.1 Pallet loads and effective sesimic weights ................................................ 491.5.2.4.2 Rack configuration.................................................................................... 511.5.2.4.3 Seismic loads............................................................................................. 521.6 Review of past seismic research on storage racks.......................................... 521.6.1 Review of experimental research ............................................................ 521.6.1.1 Cantilever Testing of Storage Rack Subassemblies. ........................ 531.6.1.2 Portal Testing of Storage Rack Subassemblies. ............................... 541.6.1.3 Quasi-Static Cyclic Testing of Complete Storage Rack Systems..... 551.6.1.4 Dynamic In-Situ Testing of Storage Rack Systems. ........................ 561.6.1.5 Shake-Table Testing of Storage Rack Systems................................ 561.6.1.6 Experimental Research on Cold-Formed Steel Members. ............... 58
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CHAPTER 4Seismic behaviour of steel
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Prof. Ing. Carlo Andrea Castiglioni Seismic Behaviour of Steel ...

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