Prof. Ing. Carlo Andrea Castiglioni Seismic Behaviour of Steel ...

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Seismic behaviour of steel storage pallet racking systems . 31In FEM 10.2.08 only self-supporting racks are considered with regular layout inplan.The relevant load condition for the seismic design of the rack is the fully loadedrack, as the horizontal seismic action is maximized. In case of a structural systemother than the rack is provided to withstand the seismic action, it should be designedwith the criteria of prEN 1998-1 ( EC-8).The rack’s structural systems withstanding the seismic actions are:1) in the cross-aisle direction, the upright frames2) in the down-aisle direction, one of the following:a) The unbraced framesThe stability is provided by the beam – to – column joints of the rack, andno vertical bracings are provided; horizontal bracings are providedconnecting the front and the rear frames.b) The rear bracing.The bracing system, made of the following elements:• a rear bracing placed behind the rear frame, which can be anindependent structure connected to the rack, or bracing elementsconnected to the elements of the rack itself• horizontal bracings connecting the front unbraced frame to the rearbraced frameThe vertical bracing withstand the horizontal seismic action.The horizontal bracings and the upright frames connected to the horizontalbracings withstand the eccentricity of the seismic action to the verticalbracing, and transmit the action to the vertical bracing and to the connectedhorizontal bracing.The system must be regarded as non-regular in plan. The vertical bracingshould be continuous from the floor to the top load level; in this case thesystem may be regarded as regular in elevation, otherwise it must beregarded also as non regular in elevation.Vertical bracings distributed among full rack height are stronglyrecommended. Interrupted vertical bracings should be avoidedc) Symmetrical vertical bracings (each row of the rack is braced).Vertical bracings withstanding the seismic action are installed in a limitednumber of bays, in the front and in the rear frames.Horizontal bracings connecting the front and the rear frames are alsoprovided to share the seismic force between the two bracings.The horizontal seismic forces can be equally divided between the front andthe rear frames.The rack can be regarded as regular in plan, and also in elevation when thevertical bracing is continuous from the floor to the top level of the rack.For unbraced and symmetrically braced racks it is allowed to assume regular downaislebehaviour if horizontal bracings are provided to ensure the uniform distributionof the seismic actions between the lateral resisting systems on the front and on theback frames.
Seismic behaviour of steel storage pallet racking systems . 32Unbraced and symmetrically braced racks without horizontal bracings shall beregarded as non-regular in plan.Specific modelling requirements for the analysis1) The modelling and analysis rules must be according to FEM 10.2.02.2) For beam-to-column connections the stiffness obtained from tests according toFEM 10.2.02 for static load must be used. The pallet beam must be checkedunder pallet load with pinned ends and load factor γ L = 1.03) The shear stiffness of the upright frame must be evaluated according to FEM10.2.02.4) When tension diagonals are provided, the bracing elements must be modelled inorder to take into account the proper stiffness of the bracing considering theeffect of the active component.5) Bracingsa) the vertical bracings must be properly modelled with their eccentricity tothe rack elements; also the elements connecting the vertical bracings to therack must be modelledb) the horizontal bracings must be properly modelled when present, with theirproper stiffness, using the same criteria described in the previous clause.
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CHAPTER 4Seismic behaviour of steel
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Prof. Ing. Carlo Andrea Castiglioni Seismic Behaviour of Steel ...

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