Prof. Ing. Carlo Andrea Castiglioni Seismic Behaviour of Steel ...

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Seismic behaviour of steel storage pallet racking systems . 37Pallet fallingThe sliding of pallets under the design condition must be controlled in order toassess the risk of the falling of pallets.Falling of the pallets inside the rackThe falling of the pallet inside the rack could cause the local or global collapse ofthe structure.It must be prevented by providing special components such as front-to-rear supportsconnecting the pallet beams under the pallet supports, third beam, nets or others.Falling of pallets outside the rackThe falling of the pallets outside the rack can cause injury to persons, damage to thestored goods and can damage or cause the collapse of the equipment or racks in theproximity, especially in case of high racks and narrow aisles.The designer must analyze this eventuality and take the necessary countermeasures.In case of possible pallet falling outside the rack, the strength of the single palletbeam and its connections must be assessed considering the full weight of the palletsplaced in normal condition on the couple of beams, with a material partial safetycoefficient γ M = 1.0.The weight to be considered is the rated pallet weight.Pallets fixed on the rackWhen pallet are blocked on the pallet beams by means of any special system (forexample materials increasing the friction between pallet and beam) the spectrummodification coefficient E D,1 shall be assumed equal to 1.0Summary of the effects induced by seismic action on rack’s elementsThe effects induced by seismic action on rack’s elements are summarized in Table1.6
Seismic behaviour of steel storage pallet racking systems . 38ElementsUprightsUpright framediagonalsPallet beamsBase platesVertical bracingdiagonalsHorizontalbracingdiagonalsBeam-tocolumnsconnectionsSeismic actiondown-aisle directionbraced racks:a) compression and local bendingb) tension and local bendingunbraced racks:a) compression and bendingb) tension and bendingupright frames connected to the horizontalbracings:a) tension and compressionorb) tensionbraced racks:a) tension and compressionsee note (1) belowunbraced racks:a) tension and compression(negligible)b) bending in the vertical plane (framesystem)braced racks:uprights connected to the longitudinal lateralresisting systema) compressionb) upliftunbraced racks:a) bending (frame system)a) tension and compressionorb) tensiona) tension and compressionorb) tensionshear and bendingcross-aisle directiona) compression and local bendingb) tension and local bendinga) tension and compressionorb) tensiona) bending and shear in the vertical planedue to the vertical eccentricity of thepalletsb) bending and shear in the horizontal planedue to the horizontal seismic actionSee note (1)a) compressionb) upliftTable 1.6 : Summary of the effects induced by seismic action on rack elementsNotes(1) The pallet beam being also the horizontal element of the vertical bracing should be checked forbending due to pallet weight and compression due to seismic action.The stabilizing effect of friction between the pallets and the beams cannot be accounted for in thechecks of the beams working in compression due to the seismic load.In the vertical plane the pallet beam of the rack braced in the down-aisle direction need not to bechecked with pinned ends.The designer should assess the axial strength of the beam considering:- in the horizontal plane: the presence of horizontal bracings, if any, with beam-ends pinned inthe horizontal plane- in the vertical plane: a reduced value of the stiffness of the beam-to-upright connection.Unless it is demonstrated by tests or by rational analysis that the connections maintain theirefficiency under the design earthquake, the value of the beam-to-upright stiffness shall bereduced to 1/3 of the stiffness obtained from static tests performed according to FEM 10.2.02.To assume the beam buckling length equal to the distance between upright axes (pinned beam ends)is on the conservative side.
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CHAPTER 4Seismic behaviour of steel
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Prof. Ing. Carlo Andrea Castiglioni Seismic Behaviour of Steel ...

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