ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONprotective force motrice, sharpreduction <strong>of</strong> the intracellular ATP poolthrough a reduction <strong>of</strong> ATP synthesisand increased hydrolysis [3].The ethanolic extract <strong>of</strong> spearmintwas better than the ethanolic extract<strong>of</strong> fenugreek as an antibacterialagent, as shown in Table 3. Theantibacterial activity <strong>of</strong> spearmintreturns to the presence <strong>of</strong> carvacrolin its structure and this substanceseem to make the membranepermeable; its structure disintegratesthe external membrane <strong>of</strong> G-bacteria, releasing lipopolysaccarides(LPS) and increasing the permeability<strong>of</strong> the cytoplasmic membrane toATP. The presence <strong>of</strong> MgCl2 doesnot influence this action, suggestinga chelating mechanism <strong>of</strong> differentcations on the external membrane[30]. And Staphylococcus aureuswas the most susceptible organism,which was affected or inhibited byboth extracts and also by someoils under study, where [15] andother researchers also showed thatStaphylococcus aureus was moresensitive to the oil extract <strong>of</strong> C. pepoand other plant oils. While Klebsiellaspp. showed resistance to all oils andto all concentrations <strong>of</strong> both extractsexcept the concentration 75% and100% which inhibited the Klebsiella.This result agreed with the result <strong>of</strong>[6]. They also showed that Klebsiellapneumoniae was not inhibited bysome medicinal plants and thatrosemary is one <strong>of</strong> them but affectedon Staphylococcus aureus. It wasalso [25] found that the G+ wereaffected more than G-.G- strains are generally moreresistant than G+ strains in soliddiffusion tests and this trait hasbeen attributed to the externallipopolysaccharide wall thatsurrounds the peptidoglycan cell wall<strong>of</strong> the former, and which restrictsthe penetration <strong>of</strong> amphipathiccompounds [6 and 25].It is known that many essential oilskill bacteria by damaging the cellmembrane’s structure, inhibitingmembrane function [31]. In thisstudy it appeared that the ethanolicextracts were better than the plant* Values calculated as mean <strong>of</strong> triplicates.- No inhibition zone or less than 8 mm.Table 3: Antibacterial activity <strong>of</strong> Ethanolic extract <strong>of</strong> Spearmint and Fenugreek16 MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE VOLUME 10 ISSUE 7MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE • VOLUME 7, ISSUE 10
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