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RTC hears the case. Further, family cases (such as support, annulmentand custody proceedings) are heard by family courts.NATURE OF CASEFamily cases (annulment of marriage, legal separation,support, custody, etc.)Ejectment cases (unlawful detainer, forcible entry, etc.)Cases involving Properties Value is not morereal property located within than P50,000Metro Manila Value is more thanP50,000Property Value is not morelocated outside than P20,000Metro Manila Value is more thanP20,000Cases involving Case is within Value is not morecollection of debt Metro Manila than P400,000or damagesValue is more thanP400,000Case is outside Value is not moreMetro Manila than P200,000Value is more thanP200,000COURT WITHJURISDICTIONFamily Court, orRTC in the absenceof a Family CourtMTCMTCRTCMTCRTCMTCRTCMTCRTCA civil case is filed in the docket section of the appropriate court andinvolves the payment of a filing fee by the complainant or petitioner. If thecivil case involves real property, the case has to be filed in a court withjurisdiction on the property location. If not, the plaintiff (complainant orpetitioner) has a choice where to file the case, either where the plaintiffresides, or where the respondent resides or may be found.The standard of proof required to win a civil case is “preponderance ofevidence” which is lower than what is required in a criminal case.Unlike criminal cases, civil cases do not result in the imposition of a penalty.The usual result is the payment of damages. Damages may be:■Table 2: Jurisdiction over civil casesActual or compensatory – what is adequate compensation forthe pecuniary loss of the victim28 SEEKING REDRESS FOR HIV-RELATED VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS