AC 120-42B ETOPS and Polar Ops - Code7700

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AC 120-42B 6/13/8Appendix 19. ETOPS Significant System. An airplane system, including the propulsion system, the failureor malfunctioning of which could adversely affect the safety of an ETOPS flight, or thecontinued safe flight and landing of an airplane during an ETOPS diversion. Each ETOPSsignificant system is either an ETOPS Group 1 significant system or an ETOPS Group 2significant system.a. An ETOPS Group 1 Significant System:(1) Has fail-safe characteristics directly linked to the degree of redundancy provided bythe number of engines on the airplane;(2) Is a system, the failure or malfunction of which could result in an in-flight shutdown(IFSD), loss of thrust control, or other power loss;(3) Contributes significantly to the safety of an ETOPS diversion by providing additionalredundancy for any system power source lost as a result of an inoperative engine; and(4) Is essential for prolonged operation of an airplane at engine inoperative altitudes.b. An ETOPS Group 2 significant system is an ETOPS significant system that is not anETOPS Group 1 significant system. Group 2 system failures will not cause aircraft flightperformance loss or cabin environment problems but may result in diversions or turn backs.10. ETOPS-Qualified Personnel. A person performing maintenance for the certificate holder,who has satisfactorily completed the certificate holder’s ETOPS qualification program.11. ETOPS. An airplane flight operation during which a portion of the flight is conductedbeyond 60 minutes from an adequate airport for turbine-engine-powered airplanes with twoengines, and beyond 180 minutes for turbine-engine-powered passenger-carrying airplanes withmore than two engines. This distance is determined using an approved one-engine inoperativecruise speed under standard atmospheric conditions in still air.12. Flight-by-Flight Exception. The application of a greater ETOPS maximum diversionauthority under specific, limited circumstances, as defined in this AC, when a flight cannot beplanned on the preferred route within an authorized lesser diversion time.13. In-Flight Shutdown (IFSD). When an engine ceases to function (when the airplane isairborne) and is shut down, whether self induced, flightcrew initiated or caused by an externalinfluence. The FAA considers IFSD for all causes, such as flameout, internal failure, flight crewinitiated shutdown, foreign object ingestion, icing, inability to obtain or control desired thrust orpower, and cycling of the start control; however briefly, even if the engine operates normally forthe remainder of the flight. This definition excludes the airborne cessation of the functioning ofan engine when immediately followed by an automatic engine relight and when an engine doesnot achieve desired thrust or power but is not shut down.14. Maximum Diversion Time. For the purposes of ETOPS in § 121.161 and relatedETOPS regulations, maximum diversion time (for example 120 minutes, 180 minutes,240 minutes, and, beyond 240 minutes) is the longest diversion time authorized for a flight underPage 2
6/13/08 AC 120-42BAppendix 1the operator’s ETOPS authority. It is calculated under standard conditions in still air at a oneengineinoperative cruise speed.15. One-Engine Inoperative Cruise Speed. For the purposes of those sections of part 121applicable to ETOPS, the one-engine inoperative cruise speed is a speed within the certifiedoperating limits of the airplane that is specified by the certificate holder and approved by theFAA for calculating required fuel reserves needed to account for an inoperative engine, ordetermining whether an ETOPS alternate is within the maximum diversion time authorized foran ETOPS flight.NOTE: The following areas (16-18) are defined for the purposes of thosesections of part 121 applicable to ETOPS.16. North Pacific (NOPAC). The North Pacific Air Traffic Service (ATS) routes and adjacentairspace between Anchorage and Tokyo Flight Information Regions (FIR).17. North Pacific Area of Operations. Pacific Ocean areas north of 40º North latitudesincluding NOPAC ATS routes, and published Pacific Organized Track System (PACOTS) tracksbetween Japan and North America. (For the purposes of this definition, “North America”includes the countries of Canada, the United States, and Mexico.)18. Polar Areas.a. North Polar Area. The entire area north of 78º North latitude.b. South Polar Area. The entire area south of 60º South latitude.19. Process. A series of steps or activities that are accomplished in a consistent manner to ensurea desired result is attained on an ongoing basis.20. Proven Process. A process is considered to be proven when the following elements aredeveloped and implemented:a. Definition and documentation of process elements.b. Definition of process related roles and responsibilities.c. Procedures for validation of process or process elements to include:• Indications of process stability/reliability;• Parameters to validate process and monitor (measure) success; and• Duration of necessary evaluation to validate process.d. Procedure for follow-up in-service monitoring to assure the process remains reliable andstable.Page 3
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6/13/08 AC 120-42B605. FAA Polar Ar
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AC 120-42B ETOPS and Polar Ops - Code7700

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