Program Book - Keck School of Medicine of USC - University of ...

Dilation occurs over several years Mean time approx four years Dialysis centers refer only forproblems◦ Size at time of referral varies widelya. Skin breakdown Pain Infection Thrombosis Poor flow Steal syndrome Venous hypertension High output congestive heart failure Cannulation difficulty◦ Aneurysmal segments lined with muralthrombus◦ Difficult to find flow channel with needle◦ May be referred for “thrombosed” fistuladue to dark thrombus found in needle138