Clinical Aspects of Hyponatremia & Hypernatremia - UT Southwestern

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Systemic Consequences of Chronic Hypercalcemia(High Blood Calcium Concentration)• Neuro: Altered Mental Status, Muscle Weakness• GI: Anorexia, nausea and vomiting• Renal Concentrating Defect– Polyuria, polydipsia– Hypernatremia (coupled with decreased intake ofwater from loss of appetite and altered mental status)
Consequences of Hypercalcemia:Renal, Fluid and Electrolyte• Volume Depletion• Decreased intake due to anorexia, nausea and vomiting• Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) causing free water loss• Hypernatremia from Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus• Renal Insufficiency• Decreased blood flow to kidney• Calcification of the kidney itself
Page 1 and 2: Clinical Aspects of Hyponatremia &H
Page 3 and 4: Case Presentation: Physical Examina
Page 5 and 6: Case Presentation: Laboratory II•
Page 7: Polyuria: Differential Diagnosis•
Page 11 and 12: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus:Comm
Page 13 and 14: Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Hypernat
Page 15 and 16: Nephrogenic Diabetes InsipidusNorma
Page 17 and 18: Hypercalcemia and NephrogenicDiabet
Page 19 and 20: Hypercalcemia and NephrogenicDiabet
Page 21 and 22: [2002] Australian International Law
Page 23 and 24: How to determine the cause of polyu
Page 25: Calculating Water Deficit in Hypern

Clinical Aspects of Hyponatremia & Hypernatremia - UT Southwestern

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