Managing Contaminated Animal and Plant Materials: Field Guide on ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CostRenderingTable 3. Estimates of direct variable cost items for rendering animal carcasses.CattleCalvesWeanedhogsPreweanedhogsOthers (sheep,lambs, goats)Estimated average variable cost per carcassLabor $11.38 $4.04 $2.02 $0.09 $1.17Equipment $27.28 $9.68 $9.49 $0.61 $8.44L<strong>and</strong>fill cost of disposing of residual $2.69 $0.95 $0.48 $0.02 $0.28Permitting n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aTransportation n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aAverage variable cost per mortality$41.35 $14.67 $11.99 $0.72 $9.89Estimated average cost per tonLabor $30.35 $30.35 $30.35 $30.35 $30.35Equipment $72.75 $72.75 $142.32 $204.15 $219.33L<strong>and</strong>fill cost of disposing of residual $7.16 $7.16 $7.16 $7.16 $7.16Permitting n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aTransportation n/a n/a n/a n/a n/aAverage variable cost per ton $110.26 $110.26 $179.83 $241.66 $256.84Source: Livestock mortality <strong>and</strong> burial cost in 2002 by Sparks Companies, cited in the National Agricultural Biosecurity CenterConsortium for Carcass Disposal (NABCCD) Working Group report234
Figure 4. Formulas to estimate the direct variable cost relating to rendering.If the hourly labor <strong>and</strong> equipment costs are $10 <strong>and</strong> $25, respectively, use these formulas toestimate the direct variable cost (DVC):• By number of carcasses:DVC = 41.35Q cattle+ 14.67Q calves+ 11.99Q weaned hogs+ 0.72Q preweaned hogs+ 9.89Q othersWhere Q iis the total number of carcasses in animal category i.• By weight:DVC = 110.26W cattle+ 110.26W calves+ 179.83W weaned hogs+ 241.66W preweaned hogs+ 256.84W othersWhere W iis the total weight in tons of animal category i.(Figure continued on next page)235
Page 1:
ManagingCo
Page 5:
Contents51377Introduction. Introduc
Page 8 and 9:
IntroductionThis field guide is int
Page 10 and 11:
IntroductionContaminated</s
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
General Considerations14Disposal of
Page 18 and 19:
General Considerations16Disposal of
Page 20 and 21:
General Considerationsprevents scav
Page 22 and 23:
PlanningPlanning considerations<str
Page 24 and 25:
Planningunits, rendering plants, <s
Page 26 and 27:
ProceduresGeneral ConsiderationsPro
Page 28 and 29:
ProceduresGeneral ConsiderationsFig
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 40 and 41:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 42 and 43:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 44 and 45:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 46 and 47:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 48 and 49:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 50 and 51:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 52 and 53:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 54 and 55:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 56 and 57:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 58 and 59:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 60 and 61:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 62 and 63:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 64 and 65:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 66 and 67:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 68 and 69:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 70 and 71:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 72 and 73:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 74 and 75:
Safety and Biosecu
Page 76 and 77:
CostEconomic factorsThe relevant ec
Page 78 and 79:
CostGeneral ConsiderationsTable 12.
Page 80 and 81:
Thermalon piles of organic material
Page 82 and 83:
ThermalDescriptionFixed-facility in
Page 84 and 85:
ThermalDescriptionties, transportat
Page 86 and 87:
ThermalDescriptionFigure 2. An air-
Page 88 and 89:
ThermalSummaryFigure 3. Open-air bu
Page 90 and 91:
Regulatory SynopsisThermalCoordinat
Page 92 and 93:
Planning• Ash disposal• Firefig
Page 94 and 95:
PlanningDo not:• Burn carcasses w
Page 96 and 97:
PlanningThermalPlanning for open-ai
Page 98 and 99:
ProceduresThermalProcedure for fixe
Page 100 and 101:
ProceduresThermalProcedure for open
Page 102 and 103:
ProceduresThermalFigure 4. Side vie
Page 104 and 105:
SafetyThermalTable 4. Personal prot
Page 106 and 107:
SafetyDiseases of concernViruses <s
Page 108 and 109:
SafetyAdministration suggests estab
Page 110 and 111:
Environmental ImpactsThermalGroundw
Page 112 and 113:
Environmental ImpactsThermalAdditio
Page 114 and 115:
CostDirect costsThermalThe direct f
Page 116 and 117:
CostThermalTable 6. Estimates of di
Page 118 and 119:
CostThermalFigure 6. Formulas to es
Page 120 and 121:
BurialDefinition and</stron
Page 122 and 123:
BurialTrench burialIn the trench bu
Page 124 and 125:
BurialSummaryThe leachate from the
Page 126 and 127:
BurialMass burial is an engineered
Page 128 and 129:
Regulatory SynopsisBurialCoordinati
Page 130 and 131:
PlanningPlanning considerationsCons
Page 132 and 133:
PlanningAlso when locating a burial
Page 134 and 135:
PlanningTrain the members of the di
Page 136 and 137:
PlanningPlanning for trench burialW
Page 138 and 139:
PlanningPlanning for mass burialThe
Page 140 and 141:
ProceduresProcedure for trench buri
Page 142 and 143:
ProceduresBurialFigure 1. Length ca
Page 144 and 145:
ProceduresProcedure for lan
Page 146 and 147:
ProceduresProcedure for mass burial
Page 148 and 149:
ProceduresBurialFigure 5. Great Ort
Page 150 and 151:
SafetyBurialTable 5. Guide<
Page 152 and 153:
Safetyenvironmental degradation. Th
Page 154 and 155:
Environmental ImpactsBurialGroundwa
Page 156 and 157:
Environmental ImpactsBurialtors, wh
Page 158 and 159:
CostBurialTable 6. Estimates of dir
Page 160 and 161:
CostBurialEstimating the costs of f
Page 162 and 163:
CompostingSummaryTable 1. Methods c
Page 164 and 165:
CompostingIn the first phase of com
Page 166 and 167:
CompostingSummaryFigure 2. An examp
Page 168 and 169:
CompostingSummaryEnd productThe end
Page 170 and 171:
CompostingFigure 3. Carcasses on to
Page 172 and 173:
CompostingSummaryFigure 6. Loading
Page 174 and 175:
CompostingFigure 8. A 200-foot-long
Page 176 and 177:
Compostingparameters such as moistu
Page 178 and 179:
CompostingSummaryFigure 12. Two vie
Page 180 and 181:
Regulatory synopsisCoordination <st
Page 182 and 183:
PlanningPlanning considerationsWhen
Page 184 and 185:
PlanningCompostingTable 2. Carcass
Page 186 and 187: PlanningComposting184Planning for i
Page 188 and 189: PlanningCompostingTable 3. Minimum
Page 190 and 191: Proceduresposting materials). These
Page 192 and 193: ProceduresCompostingFigure 15. Cros
Page 194 and 195: ProceduresUse self-propelled or tow
Page 196 and 197: ProceduresCompostingOdor evaluation
Page 198 and 199: Procedurescompacting the windrow ba
Page 200 and 201: Proceduresprevent the contamination
Page 202 and 203: ProceduresCompostingProcedures for
Page 204 and 205: SafetyDiseases of concernComposting
Page 206 and 207: BiosecurityOf paramount importance
Page 208 and 209: Environmental ImpactsCompostingAir
Page 210 and 211: CostComposting208Table 5. Initial i
Page 212 and 213: CostCompostingFigure 18. Formulas f
Page 214 and 215: RenderingDefinition and</st
Page 216 and 217: RenderingSummaryThe agitating <stro
Page 218 and 219: Renderinginto the centrifuge (11),
Page 220 and 221: RenderingSummaryFigure 2. Two views
Page 222 and 223: Regulatory SynopsisRenderingPolluti
Page 224 and 225: PlanningRenderingTable 1. Some of t
Page 226 and 227: ProceduresKeep unauthorized personn
Page 228 and 229: SafetyRenderingTable 2. Personal pr
Page 230 and 231: SafetyOnce the safety of the render
Page 232 and 233: BiosecurityThe air flowing through
Page 234 and 235: Environmental ImpactsRenderingSome
Page 238 and 239: CostRenderingFigure 4. (Continued)I
Page 240 and 241: Alkaline hydrolysisSummaryTable 1.
Page 242 and 243: Alkaline hydrolysisSummaryFigure 2.
Page 244 and 245: Alkaline hydrolysisSummaryGeneral d
Page 246 and 247: Regulatory SynopsisAlkaline hydroly
Page 248 and 249: PlanningPlanning considerationsAlka
Page 250 and 251: ProceduresAlkaline hydrolysisTable
Page 252 and 253: ProceduresAlkaline hydrolysisMobile
Page 254 and 255: ProceduresAlkaline hydrolysisFigure
Page 256 and 257: SafetyAlkaline hydrolysisTable 3. P
Page 258 and 259: SafetyNotes on safetyHeat stress: S
Page 260 and 261: Environmental Impacts Alkaline hydr
Page 262 and 263: CostCosts and issu
Page 264 and 265: CostAlkaline hydrolysisTable 6. Est
Page 266 and 267: CostAlkaline hydrolysisFigure 7. (C
Page 268 and 269: DigestionSummaryTable 1. Methods co
Page 270 and 271: Digestioncannot be recovered with a
Page 272 and 273: Digestion3. Acetogenesis: The volat
Page 274 and 275: DigestionA sequential-batch system
Page 276 and 277: Regulatory SynopsisDigestionCoordin
Page 278 and 279: Regulatory SynopsisDigestionThe dec
Page 280 and 281: PlanningDigestionFigure 3. Operatio
Page 282 and 283: PlanningTo prevent explosions, prov
Page 284 and 285: ProceduresDigestioning the mixed ma
Page 286 and 287:
ProceduresCarcass biogas production
Page 288 and 289:
SafetyDigestionTable 2. Gui
Page 290 and 291:
SafetyExposure to extremely high te
Page 292 and 293:
Environmental ImpactsDigestionGroun
Page 294 and 295:
CostThe cost breakdown for anaerobi
Page 296 and 297:
CostDigestionTable 4. Estimates per
Page 298 and 299:
CostDigestionFigure 8. Formulas to
Page 300 and 301:
Emerging MethodsSummaryDefinition <
Page 302 and 303:
Emerging MethodsSummaryGasification
Page 304 and 305:
Emerging MethodsSummaryTable 1. Gas
Page 306 and 307:
Emerging MethodsSummaryFigure 3. Vi
Page 308 and 309:
Emerging MethodsSummaryFigure 4. An
Page 310 and 311:
Emerging MethodsSummaryThermal depo
Page 312 and 313:
Emerging MethodsSummarydried animal
Page 314 and 315:
Emerging MethodsSummaryOther consid
Page 316:
Emerging MehodsSummaryAlternative d
show all

Managing Contaminated Animal and Plant Materials: Field Guide on ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?