Managing Contaminated Animal and Plant Materials: Field Guide on ...

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Contents51377Introduction. Introduction, Purpose <strong>and</strong> Overview...........................................5. Decision Trees.............................................................................8General Considerations. <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Materials</strong>.......................................................13. Planning.....................................................................................20. Procedures.................................................................................24. Safety <strong>and</strong> Biosecurity..............................................................36. Cost...........................................................................................74Best Practices <strong>and</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>lines for Specific Methods. Thermal.....................................................................................77. Burial.......................................................................................118. Composting.............................................................................159. Rendering................................................................................212. Alkaline Hydrolysis................................................................237. Digestion.................................................................................265. Emerging Methods..................................................................2983
Page 1: ManagingCo
Page 7 and 8: IntroductionManaging</stron
Page 9 and 10: This format was designed to help pr
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1. (Continued).aNo storage i
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1. (Continued).and</
Page 15 and 16: General ConsiderationsMany manageme
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Characteristics, disease-c
Page 19 and 20: • Approved disinfecting materials
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1. A schematic flow of farm-
Page 23 and 24: • To achieve suitable conditions
Page 25 and 26: Table 2. Examples of contractors th
Page 27 and 28: of Ontario, Canada, recommends stor
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3. Trench silage storage use
Page 31 and 32: HandlingWhen h<str
Page 33 and 34: TransportationTo transport carcasse
Page 35 and 36: Supervise the departure of the tran
Page 37 and 38: Figure 8. A view of the decontamina
Page 39 and 40: Administrative controlsEstablish a
Page 41 and 42: Engineering controlsDecontamination
Page 43 and 44: Table 3. EPA-approved pesticides (d
Page 45 and 46: Table 3. (Continued).Disease Produc
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. (Continued).DiseaseProduct
Page 53 and 54: an appropriate location for the com
Page 55 and 56:
Contamination reduction corridorDec
Page 57 and 58:
Table 4. Team equipment planning (m
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Decontamination guidelinesDecontami
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Other equipmentDisinfect all small
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change area if they are wearing OSH
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Personal protective equipmentSevera
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Figure 11. Four levels of personal
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Table 6. Personal protective equipm
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Table 7. Recommended tools for a cr
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Table 8. Heat-stress monitoring dur
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Table 10. Heat index used as an alt
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Table 11. Direct costs incurred fro
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ThermalDefinition and</stro
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Table 1. Methods considerations for
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Figure 1. A fixed-facility incinera
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Table 2. The dimensions, burning th
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Open-air burning: DescriptionIn the
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Field burning: Des
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PlanningPlanning considerationsFor
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Table 3. Contractors and</s
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Planning for fixed-facility inciner
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Planning for field burningF
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Procedure for air-curtain burningLo
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Before igniting the fire bed, make
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Procedure for field burningCheck wi
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Table 4. (Continued)Natureof worka,
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Site safetyHeat stress is a major c
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BiosecurityBest practices a
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Air pollutionFixed-facility inciner
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CostThermal destruction costsThe co
Page 115 and 116:
Table 5. Initial investments for in
Page 117 and 118:
Table 7. Estimates of direct variab
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Figure 6. (Continued)If the hourly
Page 121 and 122:
Table 1. Methods considerations for
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meable barrier, as is required for
Page 125 and 126:
may be released to the air, <strong
Page 127 and 128:
Field burial<stron
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Pollution and othe
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Table 2. Capacity and</stro
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Under no circumstance should you bu
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Table 4. Contractors and</s
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Planning for landf
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proximity of the farm to the l<stro
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crew. Prevent trench cave-in hazard
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Figure 2. Cross sections (not to sc
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Figure 3. Two views of carcass disp
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Figure 4. Cross sections of vertica
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Procedure for field burialWhen cons
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Diseases of concernFor burial metho
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BiosecurityControl of scavenging an
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Air pollutionThere should be no not
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CostThe costs of burial (Fig. 6) fo
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Figure 7. Formulas to estimate dire
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CompostingDefinition and</s
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Composting phases and</stro
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Figure 1. Example of internal carca
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Speeding decompositionYou can speed
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Outdoor windrow composting: Descrip
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Figure 5. Contents of a cattle carc
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Figure 7. Ground carcass mixed with
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In-house windrow composting: Descri
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Figure 11. The euthanizing of disea
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Carcass bin composting: Description
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Pollution and othe
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ing, equipment maintenance
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Planning for outdoor windrow compos
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Figure 13. Calculation of the minim
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ProceduresCompostingOutside windrow
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Figure 14. Cross-sectional dimensio
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Figure 16. Cross-sectional dimensio
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If the compost temperature does not
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In-house windrow composting: Proced
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Two new fact sheets provide details
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(runoff fluid). Surround an
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SafetyCompostingTable 4. Personal p
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Notes on safetyHeat stress: See the
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Environmental ImpactsCompostingGrou
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CostComposting costsThe cost breakd
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Page 213 and 214:
Figure 18. (Continued)If the hourly
Page 215 and 216:
carcasses of cattle, pigs, goats, s
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Description of a continuous dry-ren
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Figure 1. A schematic diagram of ma
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Regulatory SynopsisRenderingCoordin
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PlanningPlanning considerationsPlan
Page 225 and 226:
tion from carcass materials enterin
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Ensure that the rendering plant has
Page 229 and 230:
Diseases of concernViruses
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BiosecurityThe facility or faciliti
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Environmental ImpactsRenderingGroun
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CostThe costs of rendering follow t
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Figure 4. Formulas to estimate the
Page 239 and 240:
Alkaline hydrolysisSummaryDefinitio
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Figure 1. A tissue digester in a fi
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Figure 3. The crushable bone <stron
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ization. The mixed materials are ag
Page 247 and 248:
Pollution and othe
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ally, 1 pound of steam is needed to
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Fixed alkaline hydrolysis procedure
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Figure 4. Schematic of a mobile alk
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Figure 6. A mobile alkaline hydroly
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Diseases of concernViruses
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BiosecurityGroundwater pollutionFac
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Air pollutionThere are no notable e
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Page 265 and 266:
Figure 7. Formulas to estimate the
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DigestionDefinition and</st
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The carcasses of several kinds of a
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inhibit the anaerobic digestion of
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Figure 1. Anaerobic digestion pathw
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Figure 2. The schematic view <stron
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Potential pollution and</st
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PlanningPlanning considerationsEval
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Plan to use a mobile or portable un
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ProceduresDigestionLactic acid ferm
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Figure 5. Views of a mobile grinder
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oculate the new system, feed the re
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Diseases of concernFor digestion me
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BiosecurityFacilities that accept c
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Soil pollutionNo soil pollution con
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Table 3. Initial investment <strong
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Table 5. Estimates per ton of direc
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Figure 8. (Continued)Direct variabl
Page 301 and 302:
esearch information is available on
Page 303 and 304:
Carcass gasification occurs at a lo
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Figure 2. Schematic of a continuous
Page 307 and 308:
Plasma technology: DescriptionPlasm
Page 309 and 310:
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of plas
Page 311 and 312:
Dehydration and ex
Page 313 and 314:
Ocean disposal: DescriptionIn the o
Page 315 and 316:
Refeeding: DescriptionRefeeding met
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