gentrification

The opening of the new Metro station in Columbia Heights has unleashed gentrificationpressures that had been building steadily but quietly for the last five to ten years. Columbia Heightsoffers numerous amenities to urban pioneers. Perched atop a steep ridge, Columbia Heights offerspanoramic views of the city. It has a stock of grand 100-year old Victorian homes, many with ten totwelve rooms, high ceilings and slate roofs. With the Metro station, it is now just minutes fromdowntown, and has close access to the vibrant social scenes on U Street and in Adams-Morgan. Asubstantial number of young white and black professionals have moved into the neighborhood totake advantage of the affordable housing and these amenities.Columbia Heights has several well-organized community groups that have been working topromote economic development and the quality of life in the neighborhood. However, a recent citydecision to award development rights on vacant properties next to the Columbia Heights Metrostations revealed deep divisions between residents over the nature of new development in thecommunity. 95A more recent event is emblematic of the kind of rifts and pressures gentrification cangenerate. In March, 2000, the Mayor announced an effort to crack down on landlords who havefailed to adequately maintain their apartment buildings. These buildings are concentrated inColumbia Heights, as well as the adjacent Shaw and Mt. Pleasant neighborhoods. The governmentwould close buildings with major problems and help relocate tenants with new federal housingsubsidies. Many residents, however, would not be eligible for housing subsidies because they areimmigrants without green cards or U.S. citizenship. Many suspected that this enforcement effort willallow owners to easily remove their tenants and allow them to sell the buildings or transform theminto luxury housing, especially given the proximity of the new Columbia Heights metro station. Aftermuch opposition from community groups, the first landlord who was charged with code violationsand was aggressively pursued by the city sold the building to the tenants for $1 and provided thetenants with $275,000 to aid in the building’s renovation as well as additional relocation assistancefunding. 96Columbia Heights is unique in its ethnic mix. In addition to its large African-Americanpopulation, it has been a traditional home for Latinos, mostly from Central American and Caribbeancountries, who are new to the Washington metropolitan area. There is also a nucleus of AsianAmericans, primarily from Vietnam, who live in certain sections of the neighborhood. Being95 In 1997, the city undertook a community planning process for establishing priorities for these large sites. Abroad range of community members participated in this “charrette” for one of the key sites.. The DevelopmentCorporation of Columbia Heights (DCCH), a nationally recognized community development corporation with along history of developing housing and commercial projects, joined forces with a private developer on aproposal for the site. DCCH would get a share of the profits from the development to reinvest in other projectsin the neighborhood. After extensive and contentious debate, the city ultimately chose the proposal in whichDCCH was a partner over the proposal endorsed by a different faction in the community, including some of theresidents who had participated in the city’s planning process.96 Tucker, Neely, “Apartment Landlord Sentenced; Community Service Completes Deal with D.C.,” TheWashington Post, July 13, 2000. Pan, Philip, “Council Rejects Additional Rights for Slum Property Tenants,”The Washington Post, March 22, 2000, p. B8.58