gentrification

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ABSTRACTThis paper serves as a primer on how to view the complex issue of gentrification. It reviewsthe findings, analyses and frameworks developed during the gentrification wave of the ‘70s and ‘80s.The paper outlines the complex ways that current and “original” residents view gentrification—andclarifies that long-time neighbors can take very different positions on the gentrification issue.Additionally, the paper shows the wide range in the way gentrification pressures play out in threevery different cities and one multi-city region – Atlanta, Cleveland, Washington, D.C., and the SanFrancisco Bay Area – pointing out that gentrification is a much more urgent concern in some areasthan in others, where it hardly exists at all. Finally, the paper suggests policies and strategies thatcan be pursued to advance equitable development by optimizing the benefits of neighborhoodchange while minimizing or eliminating the downsides of such change.v
TABLE OF CONTENTSI. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1II. THE GOAL OF REVITALIZATION: EQUITABLE DEVELOPMENT............................. 4III. GENTRIFICATION DYNAMICS:DEFINITION, SCALE, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES......................................... 5A. HOW BIG A TREND IS GENTRIFICATION?................................................. 7B. WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF GENTRIFICATION?........................................ 9C. CONSEQUENCES OF GENTRIFICATION .................................................. 14IV. THE POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF GENTRIFICATION............................................. 25V. MAKING GENTRIFICATION WORK FOR THE COMMUNITY, CITY AND REGION:10 STEPS TO A STRONGER COMMUNITY ....................................................... 281. KNOWING THE CONTEXT...................................................................... 292. ANTICIPATING THE PRESSURE.............................................................. 303. GETTING ORGANIZED.......................................................................... 304. DEVELOPING A UNIFIED VISION AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN................... 315. IMPLEMENTING REGULATORY AND POLICY FIXES................................... 326. MAXIMIZING PUBLIC ASSETS FOR THE PUBLIC GOOD ............................. 367. EDUCATING RESIDENTS ABOUT THEIR LEGAL RIGHTS ANDOTHER OPTIONS ................................................................................. 378. IMPROVING THE PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM ........................................ 379. PREPARING GROUPS TO NEGOTIATE .................................................... 3810. CREATING FORUMS TO UNIFY THE GENTRIFYING COMMUNITY ................. 38VI. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 40APPENDIX A: RESPONSES TO GENTRIFICATION — FOUR CASE STUDIES................ 42A. SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA................................................................ 42B. ATLANTA........................................................................................... 49C. WASHINGTON.................................................................................... 54D. CLEVELAND ...................................................................................... 60APPENDIX B: ADDITIONAL RESOURCES................................................................ 65BIBILOGRAPHY…………..…………………………………………………………….66vi
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Page 4 and 5: POLICYLINKSUMMARY OF RECENT PUBLICA
Page 8 and 9: PREFACEThe Brookings Institution Ce
Page 11 and 12: DEALING WITH NEIGHBORHOOD CHANGE:A
Page 13 and 14: owners, and developers—better und
Page 15 and 16: III. GENTRIFICATION DYNAMICS:DEFINI
Page 17 and 18: A. How Big a Trend Is Gentrificatio
Page 19 and 20: espective metropolitan areas, this
Page 21 and 22: uilt only 31,000 new homes. 18 The
Page 23 and 24: created a $5,000 first-time homebuy
Page 25 and 26: consequences are perceived by varyi
Page 27 and 28: esidents they should stay in place
Page 29 and 30: and that these revenues are not era
Page 31 and 32: sale. 42 The street’s mix of busi
Page 33 and 34: communities (such as in Cleveland)
Page 35 and 36: IV. THE POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF GENTR
Page 37 and 38: the development process made unexpe
Page 39: 2. increasing regional, city and co
Page 42 and 43: Atlanta’s future into concrete st
Page 44 and 45: Affordable Housing Preservation and
Page 46 and 47: likely unproductive, although San F
Page 48 and 49: where the entering families with sc
Page 50 and 51: VI. CONCLUSIONThis paper provides a
Page 52 and 53: APPENDIX ARESPONSES TO GENTRIFICATI
Page 54 and 55: taken out of the San Francisco mark
Page 56 and 57:
According to a recent survey, twent
Page 58 and 59:
developed among long-standing Afric
Page 60 and 61:
increased concentrations of minorit
Page 62 and 63:
class to 60-65 percent of the popul
Page 64 and 65:
experience in the Reynoldstown comm
Page 66 and 67:
Hot Housing Market. Perhaps the mos
Page 68 and 69:
The opening of the new Metro statio
Page 70 and 71:
3. ConclusionOptimism about the cit
Page 72 and 73:
just over seven percent of all perm
Page 74 and 75:
But neighborhood watchers see the c
Page 76 and 77:
BIBLIOGRAPHYAtkinson, Rowland, “M
Page 78 and 79:
Mission Economic Development Associ
Page 80:
Walker, Mary Beth, A Population Pro
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