Spatial plan of Montenegro until 2020 - Ada Bojana

3. MAIN FACTORS OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT3.1 Geographic position of MontenegroMontenegro is an Adriatic-Mediterranean Dinaric country of Southeast Europe, located between41º39' and 43º32' of northern latitude and between 18º26' and 20º21' of eastern longitude. Itborders Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, Serbia to the north and northeast,Albania to the southeast and east and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. It covers the total areaof 13,812 km 2 , and the total sea area of some 2540 km 2 . According to the 2003 census,Montenegro had the population of 620,145, meaning that the population density is 44.8inhabitants per 1 km 2 .The greatest comparative advantage of Montenegro is its location at the Mediterranean, theposition which marked its historic and cultural development. Being a maritime country,especially with the ports of Bar and Kotor, it has a direct link with other countries in theMediterranean region and other maritime countries. Another important feature of its geographiclocation is the link with Belgrade which lies at the crossroads of European highway corridors VIIand X and the links towards Nis and Skopje.Considering its geographic location, Montenegro is relatively side-lined compared to theBalkans mainland, since it is not located on the main routes of pan-European corridors (I–X).The construction of the Adriatic Highway and in particular the Bar-Belgrade railway (with a linePodgorica-Skadar) and the Port of Bar improve this rather peripheral traffic location ofMontenegro in relation to main European corridors. Its location was greatly improved with thereconstruction of the existing Adriatic Highway, on-going rehabilitation of the Bar-Belgraderailway and the modernization of airports in Podgorica and Tivat.Administratively, Montenegro is divided into 21 municipalities covering the following areas:Nikšić 2065 km 2 , Podgorica 1441 km 2 , Pljevlja 1346 km 2 , Bijelo Polje 924 km 2 , Cetinje 910 km 2 ,Kolašin 897 km 2 , Plužine 854 km 2 , Berane 717 km 2 , Bar 598 km 2 , Šavnik 553 km 2 , Danilovgrad501 km 2 , Plav 486 km 2 , Žabljak 445 km 2 , Rožaje 432 km 2 , Mojkovac 367km 2 , Kotor 335 km 2 ,Andrijevica 283 km 2 , Ulcinj 255 km 2 , Herceg Novi 235 km 2 , Budva 122 km 2 , Tivat 46 km 2 .3.2 Natural conditions3.2.1 Geological basisStratigraphic- lithologic composition – The terrains of Montenegro are composed of rocks ofnewer Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cainozoic.Newer Palaeozoic rocks are represented by, more or less schistose, clay-marl sandy layersand different types of slate with rare interlayers of lenses of limestone and conglomerates.These rocks form the greatest part of south-eastern area of Montenegro.Mesozoic rocks are represented by a number of known facieses, among which particularly:carbonate, igneous, volcanogenic-sediment, diabase-cherk and flysh.Carbonate facieses consist of limestone and, in smaller percentage, dolomites. Rocks of thisfacies in central zone of Montenegro form a well known geotectonic unit called „High karst zone“and they can also be found in other parts of Montenegro.Igneous facies is made of numerous equivalents of eruptive rocks and their tuffs.Volcanogenic –sediment facies is represented by cherks, tuffs, tuffites, bentonites andoccasional limestone with interlayers of cherks.Diabase-cherk facies consists of sediment, volcanic and intrusive igneous rocks.Flysh facies is made of clay, marl, sandstone, limestone and transitive variants of theselithologic members with occurrences of breccias and conglomerate.Cainozoic rocks are represented by carbonate and flysh facies of Palaeogene; Neogene’smarine and freshwater sediments and quaternary loose sands, pebbles, bigger blocks with orwithout clays, of glacial, fluviglacial, lumniglacial, deluvial and alluvial origin.20