Deposit Krute near Ulcinj has reserves <strong>of</strong> A+B+C 1 category <strong>of</strong> about 1,000,000 m 3 andestimated reserves <strong>of</strong> over 5,000,000 m 3 .In fund documentation it is stated that the reserves <strong>of</strong> decorative stone <strong>of</strong> A+B+C 1 category(with smaller part <strong>of</strong> reserves B+C 1 or C 1 ) <strong>of</strong> about 15,000,000 m 3 <strong>of</strong> monoliths, and estimatedat 50,000,000 m 3 .Travertine – Familiar deposits are: Tavani, Zukva, Gornja lijeska and Zbljevo.Tavani (river Bukovica) has proven reserves <strong>of</strong> 275,000 m 3 <strong>of</strong> rock masses, <strong>of</strong> which 116,000m 3 are blocks.Gornja lijeska (west <strong>of</strong> Tomaševo) with reserves <strong>of</strong> C 1 category 94,000 m 3 <strong>of</strong> rock masses andperspective reserves are estimated at 150,000 m 3 .Deposit Zukva is exploited and deposit Zbljevo is not economically significant.Technical-building stone – The amounts <strong>of</strong> technical-building stone in the terrains <strong>of</strong><strong>Montenegro</strong> are practically unlimited. These are carbonates: limestone-dolomite rock massesand smaller volcanic rocks.In the terrains <strong>of</strong> <strong>Montenegro</strong> there are numerous abandoned stone mines. Today, 17 quarries(mines) are operational 12 (twelve) on the Montenegrin coast- Volujica Goran, Velji zabio,Možura – Orlovo, Borik II, Darza, Ristova ponta, Haj-Nehaj, Velja Spilja, Oblatno, Platac,Lješevići – Gajevi, Podi; Midova kosa – Budoš in central region and Kaluñerski laz, Bušnje iŠtitarica in the northern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>Montenegro</strong>. Only in Štitarica (Mojkovac) igneous rocks areexploited while the rest is limestone.Technical-building stone has been researched in 19 locations. The overall reserves <strong>of</strong>carbonate rocks <strong>of</strong> A+B+C 1 or B+C 1 category are 38 million tons, and <strong>of</strong> volcanic rocks only665,000 m 3 .Pebbles and sand – Pebbles and sand are exploited from numerous deposits <strong>of</strong> glacial,fluviglacial, lumniglacial, deluvial and alluvial origin.Sand and pebbles <strong>of</strong> glacial origin are being exploited from a number <strong>of</strong> sites by the roads onkarst surface on the territory <strong>of</strong> municipalities <strong>of</strong> Žabljak, Šavnik and Plužine. Pebbles and sand<strong>of</strong> fluviglacial origin are exploited from fields in karst: Nikšićko, Grahovsko, Dragaljsko etc andfrom Zeta plain, lumniglacial from Bjelopavlici plain. Occasionally, rough sand and pebbles fromcrushers – rock creeps (deluvian) are used along the roads, as for example Nalježići (Kotor).The most significant and mostly used deposits <strong>of</strong> pebbles and sand are <strong>of</strong> alluvial origin: coastalfields (seas) and river beds <strong>of</strong>: Morača, Tara, Lim and Ćehotina.Brick clays – The greatest reserves <strong>of</strong> brick clay are in freshwater neogenic sediments <strong>of</strong>Ćehotina river valley and Lim. Besides these, occurrences and deposits <strong>of</strong> alluvial origin areknown (around Kolašin, Bijelo polje, Spuž, Tivat and Ulcinj). The extent <strong>of</strong> researches is small.In deposits <strong>of</strong> Pljevlja basin reserves <strong>of</strong> B+C 1 and C 1 category count dozens <strong>of</strong> millions <strong>of</strong> tonsand perspective ones <strong>of</strong> several hundred million tons. In deposit <strong>of</strong> Jesikovac reserves B+C 1 are1.3 and perspective ones 2.1 million tons.Deposits <strong>of</strong> brick clays, <strong>of</strong> alluvial origin, <strong>of</strong> B+C 1 and C 1 category are around 15 million tonsand perspective ones are about 5 million tons.Cement marl – Cement marl is found in coal-bearing basins in Ćehotina and Lim river valleysand in parts <strong>of</strong> the terrain built <strong>of</strong> paleogenic flysh sediments: Bjelopavlici, Crmnica onMontenegrin coast (surroundings <strong>of</strong> Ulcinj).The most thoroughly researched and tested marl is from deposit <strong>of</strong> Ćehotina river valley: thesurroundings <strong>of</strong> Pljevlja (Potrlica, Kalušići, Rabitlje, Grevo and Radosavac). Reserves <strong>of</strong>A+B+C 1 category are calculated at 93 million tons, (for 12 years that raw material has beenexploited for Cement <strong>plan</strong>t in Pljevlja which does not work today). In other noted deposits <strong>of</strong>Ćehotina river valley, overall reserves are estimated at 28.3 million <strong>of</strong> tons. Paleogenic reserves<strong>of</strong> marl from Gradina (Bjelopavlici) are around 30 million <strong>of</strong> tons and deposits <strong>of</strong> Donja Kleznanear Ulcinj are estimated at about 20 million <strong>of</strong> tons.25
Dolomites – There are practically unlimited quantities <strong>of</strong> dolomites (limestone dolomite). So farfour (4) localities have been explored: Virpazar, Vranjina (Skadar Lake’s periphery), Šume andBršno (Nikšić surroundings). Total reserves confirmed amount to 88 million <strong>of</strong> tons.Baryta – There is baryta in the area <strong>of</strong> the mountain Kovač. There are well-known deposits inPotkovač and Plana – Arslanovina within down Triassic clastic sediments. Reserves inPotkovač (Guta, Podguta, Bare and Veliki Meljak) <strong>of</strong> A+B+C1 category amount to 309,850 tons.In the Plakola bed there are reserves <strong>of</strong> A+B+C1 categories amounting to 35,000 tons. In themine field Plana-Arslanovina (locations – Rid and Jezero) reserves <strong>of</strong> C1 category amount to11,500 tons. In this area (Kovač) there are some known localities with perspective reservesamounting to around 36,000 tons.Bentonite - Localities and bentonite deposits are known to be present in Bijelo Polje (nearPetrovac on the coast), Brajići (near Budva), in the Bar surroundings, Pivska Župa and inBukovica valley (on the way to Žabljak). Each <strong>of</strong> these localities is <strong>of</strong> medium Triassic age andis the result <strong>of</strong> volcanic activities with disposal into marine environment.The confirmed reserves <strong>of</strong> bentonite deposits in Bijelo Polje <strong>of</strong> A+B+C1 categories amount to1,7 million tons <strong>of</strong> minerals; in the neighbouring deposits in Bijele šume, perspective reservesare estimated to be 1.4 million tons <strong>of</strong> mineral. In the Donja Bukovica deposits there are provenreserves amounting to around 730,000 tons while in the neighbouring locality called Nive theestimated reserves <strong>of</strong> C 2 category amount to 25,000 tons.Localities along the Montenegrin coast and Pivska Župa have not yet been explored.Siliceous earth sand – Siliceous earth sand is present only in Ulcinj surroundings in thefollowing deposits: Zoganje, Škarit and Zekova šuma. Perspective reserves <strong>of</strong> C 2 category inthe Zoganje deposit amount to 3,600,000 tons; in the Škarit deposit – 2,140,000 tons; in theZekova šuma deposit 1,396,000 tons; The total amount <strong>of</strong> reserves is 7,136,000 tonsCherks – Cherks (siliceous sediment rocks) are present in the North-East <strong>of</strong> <strong>Montenegro</strong>(Jurassic diabase layers), on Montenegrin coast (Pindos-cukali zone). So far the cherks havebeen explored in the Vrdola locality (Vrmac near Tivat). Here there are reserves <strong>of</strong> C 1 categoryamounting to 1,210,000 tons.Sea salt – Sea salt (60% <strong>of</strong> chlorine and 40% <strong>of</strong> natrium) is derived from sea water and theprocessing is being done only in the salt factory «Bajo Sekulić» - Ulcinj. The salt is derived bynatural processing (evaporation in basins) and by industrial processing (thermo-compressingprocess). Production with natural processing started in 1935 and with industrial processing in1984. Until the end <strong>of</strong> 2000, 1,355,000 tons <strong>of</strong> sea salt were produced by natural processingand 236,000 tons were produced by industrial processing.Underground-waters – Underground waters are mineral resources. There are static anddynamic reserves: fresh, mineral and thermal waters. No part <strong>of</strong> Montenegrin territory has beenexplored for static reserves as a target area and to a level <strong>of</strong> defining their reserves. Dynamicreserves have been explored and partially defined for certain springs as much as it wasnecessary for providing drinking water for urban centres and for some industrial facilities.Everything that may be said about dynamic (and partially static) reserves <strong>of</strong> underground watersin <strong>Montenegro</strong> is the following:- They participate in total water quantities that flow from Montenegrin territory to the BlackSea basin and to the Adriatic Sea basin. Those quantities are not defined. (Generallyspeaking, in few years 600 m 3 /s <strong>of</strong> water flows away from the territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>Montenegro</strong>);- they are used for drinking water in all municipalities (21), and in a series <strong>of</strong> suburbansettlements, smaller settlements and villages;- they are used in industry (Podgorica Aluminium Factory, Brewery “Niksic” etc) and inwater supply systems in municipal centres;- they are used in agriculture for irrigation (Agro factory “13 jul” in Podgorica etc.)In <strong>Montenegro</strong> 82% <strong>of</strong> the population is supplied with underground-waters through water supplysystems. Only water supply systems in Herceg Novi and in Pljevlja use surface-waters fromBilecko Lake and Otilovici Lake. The remaining 18% <strong>of</strong> the population is supplied with drinkingwater from their own water supply systems, directly from springs or from cisterns. Around 40%<strong>of</strong> village population does not have regular or good quality drinking water .26
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C132.000 t16. Barite A+B+C1 344,85
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3 Budva 12200 4959 40.65 1050 6815
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14 Andrijevica 28300 181 0.64 0.18
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Sources/LiteratureSources of genera